BPSC Practice Test- 5 - BPSC (Bihar) MCQ

Kabar Lake-

• Kabar Lake or Kawar Lake, also known locally as Kabar Tal, Kanwar Tal, or Kawar Tal
• It is a shallow freshwater lake in the Begusarai district of Bihar state.
• This lake and the surrounding wetland have the status of a bird sanctuary.
• It was given bird sanctuary status in 1989.
• Kavartal Bird Sanctuary located in the Begusarai district of Bihar has been included in the Ramsar list.
• Kavartal has become the first in Bihar and the 39th Ramsar site in India.
• This lake was given the status of a bird sanctuary by the Bihar government in 1987.

• The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved the construction of Taranga Hill-Ambaji-Abu Road new rail line.
• Under this, a railway line will be laid up to Taranga Hill in Mehsana district in Gujarat, Ambaji in Banaskantha and Abu Road in Rajasthan.

IMPORTANT FACTS -

• The Taranga Hill-Ambaji-Abu Road new rail line will be constructed by the Ministry of Railways at an estimated cost of Rs.2798.16 crore.
• Three pilgrimage sites from two states will be connected in this project, which is targeted to be completed by 2026-27.
• The length of this rail line will be 116.65 km.
• This rail line will facilitate faster movement of agricultural and local produce and provide better mobility of the states of Gujarat and Rajasthan with other parts of the country.

Ambaji

• Maa Ambaji Temple is situated on the Arasur mountain on the Gujarat-Rajasthan border.
• This temple is located in Banaskantha district of Gujarat.
• Ambaji Temple is one of the 51 Shakti-peeths of Hindus.
• The temple of Ambaji is also considered unique because there is not a single idol of the goddess here. Instead of the idol, there is a very sacred Sri Yantra, which is mainly worshipped.

Mount Abu

• Mount Abu is a town in the Sirohi district of the state of Rajasthan.
• It is a hill station situated in the Aravalli Hills.
• Mount Abu is the headquarters of the Brahma Kumaris community.

Taranga Hill

• Taranga Hill is a Jain pilgrimage centre in the Mehsana district of Gujarat.
• The temple of Ajitnath, the second Tirthankara of Jainism, is situated here.
• This beautiful temple was built in the 12th century by Shvetambar Solanki King Kumarpal in honour of Lord Ajitnath.  TarangaTaranga

Florence Nightingale

• Florence Nightingale was a British nurse, statistician and social reformer who is also considered a fundamental philosopher in modern nursing.
• She was born in Florence, Italy on May 12, 1820. In 2020, the bicentennial of his birth will pass.
• During the Crimean War, she and a group of nurses improved unsanitary conditions at a British hospital base|
•  Her writings outlined global health care reform. 
• She is known for her night trips to help the wounded, thus building the image of 'Lady with the Lamp'.

Options Explanation
Madame Cama

• Madame Cama is known as the "mother of the Indian Revolution".
• In 1907 she attended the International Socialist Congress in Stuttgart. Cama spoke to delegates in Stuttgart and unveiled the Indian tricolor flag (green, yellow and red) with the inscription Bande Mataram in the middle. This was the first time that the Indian flag has been displayed in a foreign country and has become part of the tricolor template adopted by the Indian country.

Annie Besant

• Annie Besant was a British social reformer, a women's rights activist and a supporter of Indian nationalism.

Sarojini Naidu

• Sarojini Naidu was an Indian political activist, poet and a major figure in India's struggle for independence from colonial rule. She was the first female to become President of the Indian National Congress and was appointed Governor of the State of India. She is known as the 'Nightingale of India'. She was also the first female state governor in India.

• Jain scholar Jinprabha Suri was related to Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
• Balban assumed the titles of "Niyabte-Khudai (Representative of God) and Jille-Allah (Shadow of God)."
• Alauddin Khilji had established a new department "Deewane-Mustakhraj" to improve the revenue system, it was a revenue department.

 Important facts 

• Mohammed bin Tughlaq was a moderate Sultan, he used to participate in the Holi festival of Hindus.
• Muhammad bin Tughlaq had welcomed Jain scholars Jinprabha Suri and Rajashekhar.
•  For the first time in the Delhi Sultanate, coinage coins were issued by Mohammad bin Tughlaq.
• He changed the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad/Devagiri.
•  Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta came to his court.
• Mohammad bin Tughlaq had established "Diwan-i-Amir Kohi" (Department of Agriculture).

Historical aspect 

• On September 5, 1320, Khusrau Khan ascended the throne of Delhi under the name of Ghazi Malik or Tughlaq Ghazi Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq.
• Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq established a new city named Tughlaqabad on the hills near Delhi.
• This fort is built in Roman style, this fort is known as Chappan Kot.
• Probably Ghiyasuddin was the first ruler to build canals.
• Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq died in 1325 AD while returning from the Bengal campaign buried in the wooden palace built by Jauna Khan.

The  president of this  sangeet   was Vasumitra and the  vice -president was Asvaghosha .
Important facts 
Fourth Buddhist Council 

• This association was organized under the patronage of King Kanishka of the Kushan dynasty. 
• It was held in Kundalavan, Kashmir in the 1st century AD (72 AD). 
• The most important sources of Buddhism were the Tripitaka/Tipitaka written in the Pali language.

Fatehpur Sikri's Ibadatkhana was the building in which Akbar held discussions with scholars of different religions. 
Important facts

• Akbar built  the Ibadatkhana  in his capital   Fatehpur Sikri in   1575    .
• It was a   prayer hall   where   religious discussions   were held, initially only scholars of Muslim religion used to visit this building, but   in 1578, Akbar opened its doors to scholars of all religions   . 
• Akbar wanted to know the   basics   of all religions   along with Islam.   Later, Akbar started a new religion by mixing the good and basics of all religions or gave a new ideology of his own, which   was called "Tawheed-i-Ilahi or Din-e". - Elahi  " said
• Birbal   was  the only Hindu who accepted this religion.  
• Akbar was a  moderate  Mughal ruler 
• He abolished the pilgrimage tax and jizya tax on Hindus.

During ECG ( Echocardiography ) Ultrasonic waves are made to reflect from various parts of the heart and form the image of the heart.
Ultrasonic, also known as ultrasound, is sound waves that have a higher frequency than the human ear can hear. 
OR
Ultrasonic waves are longitudinal waves of frequency greater than 20,000 Hz.

The audible range of sound for human beings extends from about 20 Hz to 20000 Hz.
As people grow older their ears become less sensitive to higher frequencies.

Infrasonic

• Sounds of frequencies below 20 Hz are called infrasonic sound or infrasound. 
• Rhinoceroses communicate using infrasound of frequency as low as 5 Hz.
• Whales and elephants produce sound in the infrasound range.
• Earthquakes produce low-frequency infrasound before the main shock waves begin which possibly alert the animals. 
• If we could hear infrasound we would hear the vibrations of a pendulum just as we hear the vibrations of the wings of a bee.

Ultrasound

• Frequencies higher than 20 kHz are called ultrasonic sound or ultrasound. 
• Ultrasound is produced by animals such as dolphins, bats and porpoises. 
• Moths of certain families have very sensitive hearing equipment. 
• These moths can hear the high frequency squeaks of the bat and know when a bat is flying nearby, and are able to escape capture. 
• Rats also play games by producing ultrasound.

The chemical formula of propane is C₃H₈

Given –

• The atomic number of potassium = 19
• Mass number of potassium = 39
• Number of neutrons = ?

For the neutral atom,
Atomic number = number of electrons = number of protons
Therefore,

• Number of protons in potassium atom = 19

Now, as we know

• Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons

Or 

• Number of neutrons = mass number – number of protons
• = 39-19 = 20
• Hence, number of neutrons in potassium atom is 20.

Biotechnology products are vaccines, bread, and Cheese.
Options explanation

• Bread is a staple food prepared from a dough of flour (usually wheat) and water, usually by baking.
• Vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease.
• Cheese is a dairy product produced in wide ranges of flavors, textures and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein.

Confusing points

• Biotechnology deals with techniques of using live organisms or enzymes from organisms to produce products and processes useful to humans.
• Making curd, bread or wine, which are all microbe-mediated processes, could also be thought as a form of biotechnology.
• it is used in a restricted sense today, to refer to such of those processes which use genetically modified organisms to achieve the same on a larger scale.

Important points
Genetic Engineering

• The techniques of genetic engineering which include creation of recombinant DNA, use of gene cloning and gene transfer, overcome this limitation and allows us to isolate and introduce only one or a set of desirable genes without introducing undesirable genes into the target organism.
• Traditional hybridisation procedures used in plant and animal breeding, very often lead to inclusion and multiplication of undesirable genes along with the desired genes.
• Genetic engineering involves the techniques to alter the chemistry of genetic material (DNA and RNA) and thus change the phenotype of the host organism.
• There are three basic steps in genetically modifying an organism —identification of DNA with desirable genes;
• introduction of the identified DNA into the host;
• maintenance of introduced DNA in the host and transfer of the DNA to its progeny.

• Mahatma Gandhi broke the salt law on 6 April 1930 at the Dandi Coast and started the Salt Satyagraha. 
• The people in Bihar took part in the Satyagraha by making salt out of saltpeter. 
• The people also refused to pay the Chowkidari tax. 

IMPORTANT POINTS-: 

• The Chowkidars (village watchmen), appointed by the chowkidari panchayats acted as a supplement to local police force. 
• They used to live in village and acted as spies for the local police and often also as retainers for the local landlords. 
• A special tax was collected from villagers to pay their salaries.
• In Monghyr, Saran, and Bhagalpur districts, the tax was refused, Chowkidars were induced to resign, and a social boycott was used against those who resisted.

• Blood is the particular fluid connective tissue.
• It consists of RBC, WBC, platelets, and blood plasma.
• Platelets form inside bone marrow.
• Platelets are present in the blood plasma.
• Thrombocytes prevent blood clotting and blood loss.
• Platelets or thrombocytes are the cells that help in blood clotting.
• 13 blood clotting factors help in clotting.
• Blood clotting is the formation of a clot or plug at the injured site to prevent excess blood loss.
• Plug formed by collagen fibers.

Potential energy is converted into kinetic energy during rain.​
Key Points

• The raindrops gain potential energy when they come out of the cloud (due to its height).
• They gradually gain kinetic energy while falling on the ground.

• India and Bangladesh on 6 September 2022 signed an interim water-sharing agreement for the Kushiyara river. 
• It is the first such pact since the signing of the Ganga water treaty in 1996.
• This pact will benefit people residing in southern Assam and the Sylhet division of Bangladesh.
• Bangladesh has a total of 230 rivers, of which 54 flow through India.

• President Droupadi Murmu on 2 Oct 2022 conferred the awards for Swachh Survekshan Grameen 2022 in New Delhi.
• In the big states category, the first award for Swachh Survekshan Grameen was given to Telangana, 2nd to Haryana & the 3rd award was bagged by Tamil Nadu.
• Among the smaller States & UTs, Andaman & Nicobar secured the 1st position followed by Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu.

Important Points

• The Swachh Survekshan Gramin-2022 aimed to undertake a ranking of States and Districts on the basis of their performance attained on key quantitative and qualitative Swachh Bharat Mission Grameen parameters.
• It also envisages engaging rural communities in the improvement of their sanitation status through an intensive and holistic IEC campaign.
• In small states and the UTs category, Sikkim got the third award.

The Vice-President:

• Vice-President is indirectly elected by means of a single transferable vote.
• He holds his office for 5 years.
• State Legislatures do not take part in the election of Vice-President.
• Electoral College of Vice-President consists of elected and nominated members of both the Houses of Parliament.
• All disputes regarding the election of Vice- President are adjudicated by the Supreme Court.
• In case a member of the Legislature is elected Vice-President, he shall be deemed to have vacated his seat in the House to which he belongs.

• Gini Coefficient represents measures the degree of income inequality in the country's population.
• The value of the Gini Coefficient varies from 0 to 1.
• 0 means perfect equality where everyone has the same income, and 1 means perfect inequality where all the income is received by a single individual.
• Graphical Representation of the Gini Index (Lorenz curve)

• Bihar Congress Socialist Party was born in 1934 with Jayaprakash Narayan as its General Secretary.
• Acharya Narendra Dev was the first president of the Bihar Socialist Party.
• The Bihar Congress Socialist Party was established at Anjuman Islamia Hall in Patna headed by Acharya Narendra Dev.
• The members of this party contributed significantly to organizing the farmers' movements on the political level.
• Provisionally, it was decided that the objective of the party would be to work for a socialist state that, among other things, would emancipate land and capital from class ownership. 

Bihar Startup policy has been approved in 2017 by the Bihar cabinet.
Key Points

• This policy will prepare favourable start-up environment for the overall development in the state, due to which Bihar will emerge as a most favourable destination, where the structure of international level will be developed in the probable area.
• Provision of venture capital of Rs. 500 crore.
• Beej Anudan up to 10 lac rupees to every start-up by the young industrialist as an expenditure to be incurred on initial activities, research, skill training, marketing assistance. 

Governor:

• The Governor of Bihar is the constitutional head of state.
• The Constitution of India envisages the same pattern of government in the states as that for the Centre, that is, a parliamentary system.
• Part VI of the Constitution, which deals with the government in the states.
• Articles 153 to 167 in Part VI of the Constitution deal with the state executive.
• The state executive consists of the governor, the chief minister, the council of ministers, and the advocate general of the state.
• Thus, there is no office of vice-governor (in the state) like that of Vice-President at the Centre.
• The governor is the chief executive head of the state.
• But, like the president, he is a nominal executive head (titular or constitutional head).
• The governor also acts as an agent of the central government.
• Therefore, the office of the governor has a dual role.

Red litmus solution turns blue in basic solution.
EXPLANATION-

• Litmus paper is a natural indicator and it is an acid–base indicator.
• Litmus paper is usually more reliable and comes as red litmus paper and blue litmus paper.
• In basic solution, red litmus paper turns blue and blue litmus paper remains the same.
• In an acidic solution, blue litmus paper turns red and red litmus paper remains the same.

OPTIONS EXPLANATION

Alpha particle is a positively charged nuclear particle identical with the nucleus of a helium atom that consists of two protons and two neutrons and is ejected at high speed in certain radioactive transformations.
Important points

• Radioactive decay is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation. A material containing unstable nuclei is considered radioactive.
• A radioactive nucleus consists of an unstable assembly of protons and neutrons which becomes more stable by emitting an alpha, a beta particle, or a gamma photon.
• Atoms are radioactive if their nuclei are unstable and spontaneously (and random) emit various particles α, β, and/or γ radiations.
  

Messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules carry the coding sequences for protein synthesis and are called transcripts.
Related points

• RNA is a ribonucleic acid that helps in the synthesis of proteins in our body.

Structure of RNA

• The ribonucleic acid has all the components same to that of the DNA with only 2 main differences within it. RNA has the same nitrogen bases called the adenine, Guanine, Cytosine as that of the DNA except for the Thymine which is replaced by the uracil.  

RNA Types

• There are various types of RNA, out which most well-known and most commonly studied in the human body are :

tRNA – Transfer RNA

• The transfer RNA is held responsible for choosing the correct protein or the amino acids required by the body in turn helping the ribosomes.
• It is located at the endpoints of each amino acid. This is also called as soluble RNA and it forms a link between the messenger RNA and the amino acid.

rRNA-Ribosomal RNA

• The rRNA is the component of the ribosome and are located within the in the cytoplasm of a cell, where ribosomes are found. In all living cells, the ribosomal RNA plays a fundamental role in the synthesis and translation of mRNA into proteins.
• The rRNA is mainly composed of cellular RNA and are the most predominant RNA within the cells of all living beings.

mRNA – Messenger RNA.

• This type of RNA functions by transferring the genetic material into the ribosomes and pass the instructions about the type of proteins, required by the body cells. Based on the functions, these types of RNA is called the messenger RNA.
• Therefore, the mRNA plays a vital role in the process of transcription or during the protein synthesis process
• 

Clearly, 27% of A=24% of B
(Considering A & B as CP)

From options only B, satisfies (I)

• Seven sub-missions have been formed under Bihar Development Mission.

Executive Committee and Sub-Mission:

• An executive committee has been formed under the chairmanship of the Chief Secretary in the mission. The Development Commissioner, the Principal Secretary or Secretaries of all the departments concerned with the Deputy Mission, the DGP and the Mission Director are the members of the committee.

Similarly, for the program of good governance, seven sub-missions have been formed under the chairmanship of the Development Commissioner.

• Bihar was the first state where women were given 50 percent reservation in panchayats in 2006.
• So far 16 states have fixed 50 percent reservation in Panchayati Raj. 
• It includes Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand, and West Bengal.

Population density-:

• Sheohar district of Bihar is number one in the country in terms of population density.
• Population density in Bihar is 1106 persons per km
• At the same time, the population density inSheohar district is 1880 persons per kilometer.
• The population density in the state, which was 881 in 2001, has increased to 1106 after ten years i.e. in 2011.
• In this case, Bihar is the only state in the country where the population density is so high.
• After Sheohar, Patna has become a district where the population density per kilometer is 1823.
• Patna ranks first in terms of population.
• The total population here is 58 lakh 38 thousand 465.
• The population of Sheikhpura district has been recorded as 6 lakh 36 thousand 342 which is the least populated district in Bihar.
• The district with the lowest population density is Kaimur .
• There the population density per kilometer is 488 person.

Population of Bihar-:

• Population of Bihar - 10 crore 38 lakh 4 thousand 637
• Number of women in Bihar - 4 crore 96 lakh 19 thousand 290
• Number of men in Bihar - 5 crore 41 lakh 85 thousand 347
• District with highest population density - Sheohar.
• District with minimum population density - Kaimur.
• Most populated district  - Patna.
• District with minimum population - Sheikhpura.
• District with highest sex ratio - Gopalganj.
• Districts with lowest sex ratio - Bhagalpur and Munger.

The density of population per square kilometer in the state of Bihar according to the 2011 census is 1,106 persons.
(i) Very High Density District-

• Patna, Sitamarhi, Vaishali, Darbhanga, Saran, East Champaran, Muzaffarpur, Madhubani, Samastipur, Siwan, Begusarai, Nalanda, Gopalganj, Jehanabad, Sheohar districts come under this.
• Where the density of population is found to be more than 1200 persons per square km.

(ii) High density districts-

• Those districts come under this whose density is 1000-1200 persons per square km.
• These include Purnia, Katihar, Bhagalpur, Bhojpur, Madhepura, Saharsa, Buxar, Khagaria, Arwal districts.

(iii) Districts with Moderate Density-

• Under this, the density of population is found to be 800-1000 persons per square kilometer.
• It mainly covers Gaya, Araria, Supaul, Nawada, Kishanganj, Munger, Sheikhpura districts.

(iv) Low density districts-

• Here the density of population of 600-800 persons per square km is found in which Pt Champaran, Rohtas, Aurangabad, Lakhisarai districts come.

(v) Very low density districts-

• Where the density of population is less than 600 persons per square km.
• It includes Banka, Jamui and Kaimur districts.

• Patna Division –       Patna, Nalanda, Rohtas, Kaimur, [Bhabua], Bhojpur, Buxar
• Magadha Division – Gaya, Jehanabad, Nawada, Aurangabad, Arwal 
• Saran Division    – Saran, Siwan, Gopalganj Tirhut Division – Muzaffarpur, Sitamarhi, Sheohar, West Champaran, East Champaran, Vaishali
• Darbhanga Division – Darbhanga, Madhubani, Samastipur Kosi Division – Saharsa, Supaul, Madhepura
• Purnia Division – Purnia, Araria, Kishanganj, Katihar Bhagalpur Division – Bhagalpur, Banka
• Munger Division – Munger, Lakhisarai, She KhapuRa, Jamui, Khagaria, Begusarai

Bihar General Information-:

• State Name – Bihar, It is believed that due to the abundance of Buddhist monasteries (Viharas) in this region, the region was named Bihar.
• Statehood (Bihar Day) - March 22, 1912
• State Capital - Patna (Other names are Pataliputra, Pushppur, Kusumpur and Azimabad in ancient times.)
• Geographical location of the state between -24°20'10" to 27°31'15" north latitude and 83°19'50" to 88°17'40" east longitude
• The area of the state is -94,163 sq. km. (13th largest state in the country)
• Length from north to south    - 345 km.
• Length from east to west    - 483 km.
• States bordering the state    - 3 [West Bengal (East), Uttar Pradesh (West) and Jharkhand (South)]
• The country bordering the state  - Nepal (in the north)
• Total Geographical Area (All over India) - 2.86%
• Districts bordering Nepal - 7 [West Champaran, East Champaran, Sitamarhi, Madhubani, Supaul, Araria and Kishanganj]
• District 8 bordering Uttar Pradesh [Rohtas, Kaimur, Buxar, Bhojpur, Saran, Siwan, Gopalganj and West Champaran]
• Districts bordering West Bengal -3 [Kishanganj, Purnia and Katihar]
• Districts bordering Jharkhand-8 [Bhagalpur, Banka, Jamui, Nawada, Gaya, Aurangabad, Rohtas and Katihar]
• District-9 [Arwal, Jehanabad, Nalanda, Lakhisarai, Begusarai, Samastipur, Vaishali, Saran, Bhojpur] adjoining the capital of Bihar Patna
• Largest district in terms of area - West Champaran
• Smallest district in terms of area - Sheohar (There are total 38 districts in Bihar.)
• No. of Divisions/Commissioners-09 (Koshi, Darbhanga, Saran, Bhagalpur, Patna, Tirhut, Munger, Magadha and Purnia)
• No. of Districts  -  38
• No. of Sub-Divisions   - 101
• Block No.  - 534
• No. of Panchayats  - 8,406
• No. of Police Stations (Station)  -  853
• No. of Revenue Villages    - 45,103
• Number of Lok Sabha Members  - 40
• No. of Rajya Sabha members - 16
• Number of seats reserved for Scheduled Castes in Lok Sabha -6
• Legislature - bicameral (upper house - legislative council, lower house - assembly)
• Number of Vidhan Sabha Members  - 243
• Number of Legislative Council Members - 75
• State Symbol - Bodhi tree (located between two swastikas)
• Official language - Hindi
• Second official language  - Urdu
• state fish - magur

• 'Pinaka' is a multi-barrel rocket launcher.
• Recently the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) successfully test-fired the state-of-the-art rocket of Pinaka Rocket System.
• It was also used extensively by the Army during the Kargil War.
• It is named after 'Pinaka', the bow of Lord Shiva.
• The Pinaka missile system has been built for the purpose of being deployed on the borders with India and Pakistan.
• This state-of-the-art rocket will replace the existing Pinaka-Mk-1 rockets.

Pinaka (PINAKA)-:

• It is an all-weather, indirect fire, free flight artillery rocket system.
• DRDO is trying to increase the range of the Pinaka rocket system to 120 km.
• After several trials in the year 2019, 90 kms. range was achieved.
   

• Forced labor is prohibited under Article 23 of the Constitution and it comes under the Right against Exploitation (Articles 23 to 24).
• Forced labor can be banned by making laws, through public awareness and by educating.
• Rights against human trafficking include the following:
• Buying and selling of men, women and children.

Prostitution.
Slave.

• Articles 12 to 35 are related to Fundamental Rights.
• Fundamental rights are given in Part III of the Indian Constitution.
• Part III of the Constitution has been called the 'Magna Carta of India'.
• Initially 7 Fundamental Rights were given in the Indian Constitution. By the 44th Constitutional Amendment, the right to property was removed from the list of fundamental rights and kept as a legal right.
• The Fundamental Rights are taken from the Constitution of the United States of America.
• Amendments to the Fundamental Rights given in the Constitution are done by the Parliament of India.