BPSC Practice Test- 7 MCQs & solutions - Free

• Burning of paper and digestion of food are examples of chemical change.
• Chemical changes are permanent in nature and results in the formation of new products.
• Physical changes are temporary in nature and does not result in the formation of any new product.
• A chemical change results from a chemical reaction, while a physical change is when matter changes forms but not chemical identity.

Key points:-

• The five conditions of chemical change: colour change, formation of a precipitate, formation of a gas, odour change, temperature change.
• A chemical change is a change that brings a change in the chemical properties of matter and a new substance is formed.
• Growth of a plant, rusting of iron, cooking of food, digestion of food, and burning the candle are chemical changes because here is the chemical composition of the substance changes.

• X-vitamin C, Y-iron, Z-citrus fruits.
• Deficiency of vitamin C causes bleeding of gums.
• This vitamin is essential for absorption of mineral iron and vitamin C is found in citrus fruits.
• Vitamin C is one of the essential vitamins for human and animal.
• Many methods were developed for the determination of vitamin C such as spectrophotometry, electrophoresis, titration, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Key points:-

• Most experts recommend getting vitamin C from a diet high in fruits and vegetables rather than taking supplements.
• Fresh-squeezed orange juiceor fresh-frozen concentrate is a better pick than ready-to-drink orange juice.
• The fresh juice contains more active vitamin C.
• Drink fresh-frozen orange juice within one week after reconstituting it for the most benefit.

• The splitting of sunlight into seven colours is called dispersion of light.
• And a rainbow is formed by the dispersion of sunlight by water molecules present in the air.
• The rainbow is one of the most common natural phenomena we can see, but we are still surprised by this ephemeral meteorological phenomenon.
• As we know, the rainbow is caused by reflection, refraction and dispersion of light in drops of water.

Key points:-

• The white sunlight consists of visible light to the human eye and the invisible spectrum either below red or above violet.
• The seven visible colours from outside to inside are just part of it.

Gravity, also called gravitational, in mechanics, is the universal force of attraction acting between all matter.
Gravity is measured by the acceleration that it gives to freely falling objects.

• It is called black gold simply due to its commercial value.
• Coal is also black and a common source of fuel but the term ‘black gold’ is not used for coal, it is used for petroleum.
• Coal is called black gold because it is black in colour and it is costly too.
• Coal forms the base of many important industries, especially iron and steel industries.

Key points:-

• Petroleum is refer to as black gold .
• This name itself is an indication of its important to humans.
• It’s absolutely hard to find.

• The composition of natural gas is chiefly methane (> 90%) with traces of ethane and propane.
• Methane is a colourless, odourless gas with a wide distribution in nature.
• It is the principal component of natural gas.
• Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CH4.
• It is a group the simplest alkane and the main constituent of natural gas.

Key points:-

• Methane, colourless, odourless gas that occurs abundantly in nature and as a product of certain human activities.
• It is only slightly soluble in water.
• Methane is an important source of hydrogen and some organic chemicals.

• Acne is a skin condition that occurs when your hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells
• It causes whiteheads, blackheads, or pimples.
• Acne is most common among teenagers, though it affects people of all ages.
• Pimples are raised red spots with a white center that develop when blocked hair follicles become inflamed or infected with bacteria.

Key points:-

• Cosmetics don’t necessarily worsen acne, especially if you use oil-free makeup that doesn’t close pores.
• Makeup removes regularly.
• Eating chocolate or greasy food has little to no effect on acne.

Given information,
Six bells ring at intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 seconds respectively and they start ringing simultaneously.
Take the LCM of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 = 120 . 
Then bells will ring together after every 120 seconds or 2 minutes 
Since bells ring together after every 2 minutes so in 30 minutes it will ring as 30/2= 15 times 
But at starting on 0 sec they also ring.
Hence, bells will ring 16 times in 30 minutes.
Therefore, option(4) is the correct answer.

According to the question,
Let the marked price be 100
Discount given on marked price = 10%
⇒ Selling price = 100×90/100 = Rs 90
⇒ Profit = 17%
⇒ Cost price = 90×100/117=1000/13
Hence, profit when marked price is the selling price
⇒ 100 —1000/13=300/13
⇒ Percentage of profit =100×300/13×13/1000
⇒ 30%
Hence, option(1) is the correct answer.

According to the question,
Initial quantity of milk = (55/11) × 7 = 35
And initial quantity of water = (55/11) × 4 = 20
After some quantity of water (x) is added to this mixture , 
So ratio of milk : water becomes  7 : 6
⇒ 35/(20+x) =7/6
⇒ 210 = 140 + 7x
⇒ 7x = 70
⇒ x = 70/7 litres
⇒ x = 10 litres.
Hence, option(2) is the correct answer.

According to the given information-
Present average age of 4 boys (9+5) = 14 years.
Sum of Present ages of the 4 boys = 14 × 4 = 56 years
Present sum of ages of the 5 boys = 15 × 5= 75 years
Present age of the new boy ⇒ (75−56) = 19 years
Present age of the new boy = 19 years.
Hence, option(4) is the correct answer.

Formula-Free approach:
Let the distance between Mumbai and Pune be the LCM of 20 and 30 which is 60km.
So, time taken in going from Mumbai to Pune 
⇒ 60/20 = 3 hrs.
Time taken in coming back from Pune to Mumbai 
⇒ 60/30 = 2 hrs.
Now,
Average speed = Total Distance/Total time taken ⇒ (60+60)/(3+2) = 120/5 
⇒ 24km/hr
Formula Approach:
For two equal distances, formula is:
Average Speed = 2×(a×b)/(a+b)
Where a and b are the speeds during each distance.
Now, applying values from given question:
Average Speed = 2×20×30/(20+30) 
⇒ 1200/50 = 24km/hr
Hence, option(3) is the correct answer.

India’s first UNESCO World Heritage City, Ahmedabad and Kerala has been included in the list of the "World's 50 Greatest Places of 2022" by Time Magazine.
IMPORTANT FACTS -

• Both these places in India have been selected as '50 Extraordinary Places to Visit'.
• Time magazine described Kerala as one of the most beautiful states in India with spectacular beaches and lush backwaters, temples and palaces.
• Time magazine described Ahmedabad as a city that "represents ancient sites and contemporary innovations" making it a "Mecca for cultural tourism".
• Gandhi Ashram, Gujarat Science City and Navratri festival, located on the banks of the Sabarmati river, have been given special mention in Time magazine.
• Apart from Ahmedabad and Kerala, other cities in the world that figure in the top 50 list include Seoul, Buhan in Bali, Great Barrier Reef in Australia.

KEY POINTS:-

• The aorta begins at the top of the left ventricle the heart's muscular pumping chamber.
• The aortic arch curves over the heart and transports the oxygenated blood to the head, neck, and arms.
• The pulmonary artery provides deoxygenated blood to both lungs.
• The inferior or posterior vena cava carries the deoxygenated blood from the lower part of the body into the right atrium of the heart.

World Environment Day:

• The first World Environment Day was celebrated on 5 June 1973.
• The World Environment Day is focused on ecosystem restoration and its theme is “Reimagine. Recreate. Restore
• ”Ecosystem restoration means preventing, halting and reversing this damage – to go from exploiting nature to healing it

Key Points:

• celebration, under the slogan “Only One Earth” took place in 1974.
• The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands. 
• It is also known as the Convention on Wetlands. 
• It is named after the city of Ramsar in Iran, where the convention was signed in 1971.

The Ramsar Convention works closely with six other organisation known as international organization partners (IOPs). These are:

• Bird Life International
• International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
• International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
• Wetlands International
• WWF International
• Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust (WWT)

Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na and atomic number 11.

• It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal.
• Sodium is an alkali metal, being in group 1 of the periodic table.
• Sodium attracts water, and a high-sodium diet draws water into the bloodstream, which can increase the volume of blood and subsequently your blood pressure.

Key points:-

• Sodium is a type of metal that is very reactive.
• Since it’s so reactive, sodium is never found free in nature.
• Sodium chloride is commonly referred to as table salt.

• Mulberry silk, tasar Silk, and mooga silk are the varieties of silk produced by different silkworms whereas moth silk is not a variety of silk.
• Mulberry silk, Tasar Silk and Mooga silk are three varieties of silk produced by different silkworms.
• The larva (or caterpillar) of a silk moth which produces silk is called silkworm. Silk is a natural protein fibre which can be used as a textile fibre.

Key points:

• It is one of the important animal fibres obtained from silkworm.
• The different types of silk are produced by different types of silkworms.
• It can be differentiated on the basis of lustre and texture.
• Few examples are kosa, tassar, mooga, etc. They are produced by various types of silkmoths. One of the common types is the mulberry silkmoth.

• Drip irrigation system delivers water to the crop using a network of mainlines, sub-mains and lateral lines with emission points spaced along their lengths.
• Each dripper/emitter, orifice supplies a measured, precisely controlled uniform application of water, nutrients, and other required growth substances directly into the root zone of the plant.
• Water and nutrients enter the soil from the emitters, moving into the root zone of the plants through the combined forces of gravity and capillary.
• In this way, the plant’s withdrawal of moisture and nutrients are replenished almost immediately, ensuring that the plant never suffers from water stress, thus enhancing quality, its ability to achieve optimum growth and high yield.

Key points:-

• Unlike surface and sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation only wets part of the soil root zone.
• This may be as, low as 30% of the volume of soil wetted by the other methods. The wetting patterns which develop from dripping water onto the soil depend on discharge and soil type.
• Figure 64 shows the effect of changes in discharge on two different soil types, namely sand and clay.

Rinderpest– also known as cattle plague was a disease caused by the rinderpest virus which primarily infected cattle and buffalo.
How and When this disease was eradicated-

• The virus spread via droplets, so that animals got infected by inhaling sick animals’ breath, secretions or excretions.
• Rinderpest was a so-called dead-end disease for wild herds as their low population density inhibited the disease spread.
• The development of a potent vaccine in 1960, the dead-end in wild herds played an important role in achieving the disease eradication in 2011.

The most important thing-

• It is the first and until today the only animal disease to be eradicated.
• Infected animals suffered from symptoms- such as fever, wounds in the mouth, diarrhea, discharge from the nose and eyes, and eventually death.

The galvanometer is used to detect the presence of electricity in the circuit.
IMPORTANT FACTS:

• Both the direction and magnitude of the electric current are shown by the instrument.
• The SI unit of a galvanometer is ampere per division.

The maximum number of members of the Rajya Sabha is 250, out of which 238 are elected and 12 are nominated by the President of India.
Rajya Sabha 

• The Rajya Sabha or the Council of States is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India.
• The Rajya Sabha meets in continuous sessions, and unlike the Lok Sabha, being the lower house of Parliament, the Rajya Sabha, which is the upper house of Parliament, is not subject to dissolution.
• The term of the members elected to the Rajya Sabha is six years.
• However, every other year, one-third of the members retire and new admissions take place.
• Thus, the House is never vacant and hence it is called 'Permanent House'.
• According to Article 80 of the Indian Constitution, the maximum number of members in the Rajya Sabha was fixed at 250.

NPP stands for 'National Population Policy'.
Important Points:-

• National Population Policy formulated in the year 2000, reaffirms the Government’s commitment towards voluntary and informed choice, target free approach and achievement of replacement level of fertility by simultaneously addressing the issues of contraception, maternal health and child survival.
• The National Family Planning Programme of the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare is guided by the tenets of the National Population Policy 2000 and oversees its implementation. 
• Under this program the service delivery data is triangulated and further the program is regularly reviewed through annual review meetings, supportive supervision visits, common review missions etc. 

The beneficial boon of 'Green Revolution' is for wheat and rice crops.
Important Points:-

• The beginning of the first revolution in India is considered to be from the Green Revolution in 1966-67. 
• Due to this revolution, India became self-dependent in food production. The main contribution in the Green Revolution has been of improved quality seeds. 
• After this revolution, the milk revolution, yellow revolution, round revolution, blue revolution etc. started in India and India became self-dependent in milk, mustard, potato and fish production.

Green Revolution in India:-

• The government launched an intensive development program in 1960 in selected seven districts from seven states and this program was named Intensive Area Development Program (IADP), which was later defined as India's Green Revolution. 
• The Green Revolution increased the production of wheat, rice and jowar by about 2 to 3 times. 
• M.S. Swaminathan is known as the father of the Green Revolution in India.
• In the latter part of the Second Five Year Plan, IADP was renamed. 
•  New high yielding varieties of wheat were developed by Norman Borlaug and his colleagues and adopted by many countries. 

This new 'Agriculture Strategy' was first implemented in India during the Kharif season of 1966 and was named as High Yielding Variety Program (HYVP). This program was introduced as a package because the program mainly depended on regular and adequate irrigation, fertilisers, high yielding varieties of seeds, pesticides.

• HYVP was limited to only five crops- Wheat, Rice, Jowar, Bajra and Maize. 
• The Green Revolution resulted in a record grain production of 131 million tons in 1978-1979. 
• Due to this revolution, India was established as one of the largest agricultural producers in the world. 
• Between 1947 (when India gained political independence) to 1979, the yield per unit of farmland has improved by more than 30%. During the Green Revolution, there has been an increase in the cropped area of high yielding varieties of wheat and rice.

The country's newest airline Akasa Air has received the Air Operator Certificate (AOC) from aviation regulator Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) on 7 July to start its commercial operations.
Important facts -

• The AOC Certificate signifies the airline's operational readiness to satisfactorily meet all regulatory and compliance requirements.
• Under the supervision of DGCA, the airline concluded the process with a number of flights proving to be successfully operated.
• The airline, backed by stock market investor Rakesh Jhunjhunwala, took delivery of its first Boeing 737 MAX aircraft in India on June 21.
• Akasa Air is the first airline in India whose end-to-end AOC process was conducted using the government's progressive EGCA digital platform.
• It will commence commercial operations at the end in July 2022. 
• By the end of the financial year 2022-23, the airline will have 18 aircraft and after that, 12-14 aircraft will be added per year. 
• Last November, Akasa Air announced the order for 72 '737 MAX' aircraft from Boeing.

Andhra Pradesh government has decided to re-join the ambitious Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana.

• IMPORTANT FACTS -
  • The Andhra Pradesh government has taken this decision after talks between Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Minister Narendra Singh Tomar and Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister YS Jagan Mohan.
  • Andhra Pradesh has decided to implement PMFBY from the Kharif-2022 season.
  • With this decision, crops of more than 40 lakh farmers of the state will get insurance cover in case of natural calamity.
  • Andhra Pradesh had opted out of PMFBY in 2020 citing high premium prices.
  • Gujarat, Bihar, West Bengal, Telangana and Jharkhand are still out of the scheme due to low claim ratio and financial constraints.

About 'Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana' (PMFBY) -

• The Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) was launched on 13 January 2016.
• The scheme provides a comprehensive insurance cover to the farmers in the event of crop failure, which helps in stabilising the income of the farmers.
• This includes all food and oilseed crops and annual commercial/horticultural crops for which past yield data is available.
• Central and state governments pay more than 95% of the premium amount, while farmers bear 1.5-5% of the premium amount.
• A 2% premium will be paid for Kharif crops (Paddy or Rice, Maize, Jowar, Bajra, Sugarcane etc.).
• For Rabi crops (wheat, barley, gram, lentil, mustard etc.) 1.5% premium will be paid.
• A 5% premium will be paid for annual commercial and horticultural crops insurance.
• This scheme was mandatory for farmers who received institutional finance before the year 2020, but by changing it, it has been made voluntary for all farmers.
• In order to ensure more efficient and effective implementation of the scheme, necessary reforms in PMFBY were made by the Central Government in the Kharif season of the year 2020.

The export of agricultural products to the North-East region has increased by more than 85 percent in the last six years.
IMPORTANT FACTS -

• According to the Commerce and Industry Ministry the export has reached over 17 million dollars in 2021-22 from 2.52 million dollar in 2016-17.
• The major destinations of exports have been Bangladesh, Bhutan, Middle East, UK and European countries.
• There has been a significant increase in the export of agricultural products from the northeastern states like Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Meghalaya.
• In the last three years, Agricultural and Processed Food Products Development and Authority (APEDA) has conducted 136 capacity building programs on export awareness in different parts of the North Eastern Region.
• APEDA organised a conference on Export Potential of Natural, Organic and Geographical Indications (GI) agricultural products in Guwahati on 24 June.

Asia's largest onion market is located at Lasalgaon in Nashik (Maharashtra) district.

• Maharashtra is the largest onion producing state.

Asia's largest coriander market is Ramganj Mandi located in Kota district of Rajasthan.

ARDC (Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation)  is now a branch of NABARD.
Important facts 

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) set up the Agricultural Refinance Corporation (ARC) in 1963 to work as a refinancing agency in providing medium-term and long-term agricultural credit to support investment credit needs for agricultural development. In 1975, ARC was renamed as Agriculture Refinance and Development Corporation (ARDC) to give focussed attention to credit offtake, development and promotion of the agricultural sector.
• In 1975, ARC was renamed as Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation (ARDC) to focus on credit raising, development and promotion of the agricultural sector.
• Upon its formation in 1982, NABARD took over the functions of the erstwhile Agricultural Credit Department (ACD) and Rural Planning and Credit Cell (RPCC) of RBI and ARDC.
• The Department of Refinance (DOR) deals with short-term and long-term refinance functions of NABARD.

The foreign policy adopted by the government of P.V. Narasimha Rao in the nineties,   aimed at India's efforts to reach the S.E. It is a policy aimed at expanding large-scale economic and strategic ties with the countries of Asia and balancing China's dominance in the region.
Important facts 

• To recover from the effects of the dissolution of the Soviet Union (at the end of the Cold War, 1991), a strategic partner, India attempted to strengthen ties with the United States and America's allies in South-East Asia.
• In these efforts, in the year 1992, former Prime Minister of India,  P.V. Narasimha Rao  introduced the Look East Policy to strategize India's relations with the South-East Asia region and counterbalance the strategic influence of the 'People's Republic of China' as a regional power.
• The Look East Policy focused on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and their economic integration.
• India became a dialogue partner of ASEAN in 1996 and a participant in summit level talks in 2002.
• In 2012, this relationship turned into a strategic partnership.
• In 1992, when India started the Look East Policy, India's trade with ASEAN was US$ 2 billion. 
• India is also an active participant in many regional forums like 'East Asia Summit' (EAS), 'ASEAN Regional Forum' (ARF) etc.

A.P.J Abdul Kalam Science city is being developed near Moinul Haq stadium  patna. It is based on scientific principles with exhibition blocks & other blocks.
IMPORTANT FACTS :

• The Department of Science & Technology (DST) of the State of Bihar is committed to developing a world class Science Centre for Bihar.
• It will be located on a 20 acre greenfield site.
• It aims to foster the spirit of curiosity and counter superstition by application of scientific thinking.
• Dedicated to the people’s president ‘Dr.A.P.J. Abdul Kalam’, it will have also include exhibits on Space Science and Missile Technology.
• In 2013, Lord Cultural Resources was commissioned to prepare the master plan for the Science City.