BPSC Practice Test- 8 - BPSC (Bihar) MCQ

• Madhya Pradesh is the state with maximum number of Scheduled Tribes.
• As per the final report of 15th Census 2011, the number of Scheduled Tribes in India are 104281034, which is 8.6% of the total population of the country.
• The Scheduled Tribe population in Madhya Pradesh is 15316784.

IMPORTANT FACTS-:

• Tribals constitute 8.14% of the total population of the country, and inhabit about 15% of the country's area.
• Madhya Pradesh is the state with the largest population of Scheduled Tribes in India.
• 23.27 percent of the total scheduled tribes of the country live here.

CONFUSING POINTS-:

• In Bihar - 7.66%, in Rajasthan - 12.44% and in Andhra Pradesh - 6.31% tribes live.

GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECT-:

• The tribal groups of Madhya Pradesh are mainly Gonds, Bhils, Baiga, Korku, Bhadia (or Bahria), Halba, Kaul, Maria, Malto and Sahariya.

The people of India agitated against the arrival of the Simon Commission because, there was no Indian member in the Simon Commission.
Important facts  

• The Simon Commission was a group of seven British members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom who came to India in 1928 to study constitutional reform.
• While passing the Act of 1919, the British government had announced that it would review these reforms after 10 years.
• But it was in November 1927 that he announced the appointment of the Commission, which was named the Indian Legal Commission, headed by Sir John Simon and all seven members were Englishmen, later it came to be known as the Simon Commission because of Sir John Simon.
• After studying the current government system, the spread of education and representative institutions, it was to be told that to what extent the establishment of responsible government in India is justified and to what extent India is ready for it. 
• Recommendations of Simon Commission  - Responsible government should be formed in all areas including law and order in provincial areas, central legislature should be reconstituted.
• It should have a federal spirit and its members are indirectly elected by the provincial legislatures.
• Responsible government should not be formed at the center because the right time has not come for this.
• On 3 February 1928, the Simon Commission reached Mumbai, which was opposed by the Indians.
• In 1928, Lala Lajpat Rai died after being injured by a police stick while protesting the Simon Commission in Lahore. 
• Later revolutionaries like Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, Chandrashekhar avenged the death of Lala Lajpat Rai by killing the police officer Saunders.

• The first president of the All India Trade Union Congress was Lala Lajpat Rai.
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai and Aurobindo Ghosh were the leaders of the Garam Dal.
• Jawaharlal Nehru became the President of the Congress thrice, Jawaharlal Nehru was the President of the Lahore session of 1929, in this session the demand for Purna Swaraj was placed .
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was associated with Bardoli movement He is called Bismarck of India

Important facts  

• In 1920 N. The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was founded by the efforts of M. Joshi, Joseph Baptist and Lala Lajpat Rai .
• Its first president was Lala Lajpat Rai and Diwan Chamanlal was elected its first general secretary  .
• This conference was held in Bombay  .
• Lala ji called imperialism and militarism the twin children of capitalism  .
• Congress decided to cooperate with AITUC to unionize the workers in the Gaya session of the Congress in 1922  .
• AITUC was presided over by the following Congress leaders - Lala Lajpat Rai, CR Das, C.F. Andrews, J. M. Sen. Gupta, Subhash Chandra Bosh and Jawaharlal Nehru  .
• AITUC split in 1926-27 due to leftist ideology and N.M. The All India Trade Union Federation was established in 1929 under the leadership of Joshi  .
• In 1929, the communist leader Deshpande, who broke away from AITUC, founded the Red Trade Union Congress . 
• Within the Congress, unity was again established in the divided AITUC with the efforts of the Socialist Congress Party formed in 1934 .

In the context of Indian history, the members of the Constituent Assembly from the provinces were elected by the provincial legislatures.
Important facts

• In 1922, Mahatma Gandhi said that there should be a Constituent Assembly for the making of the Constitution of India.
• The first demand for the Constituent Assembly was made in 1934 by M.N. by Rai.
• The Indian Constituent Assembly was formed under the Cabinet Mission (1946).
• Each province and each princely state were allotted total seats in proportion to their population.
• The places in each province were divided into three major communities (Muslim, Sikh and Ordinary) based on the proportion of population.
• The members of each community in the provincial assembly were to be elected by proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.
• The method of selection of the representatives of the princely states was to be decided in consultation.
• As a result of the partition under the plan of 3 June 1947, a direct legislature was constituted for Pakistan.
• Representatives of Bengal, Punjab, Sindh, North-West Frontier Province, Balochistan and Sylhet districts ceased to be members of the Constituent Assembly of India.
• New elections were held in the provinces of West Bengal and East Punjab.
• As a result, when the Constituent Assembly met on 31 October 1947, the membership of the House was reduced to 299.
• Of this, 284 members were actually present on 26 November 1949 and finally signed the constitution.
• On December 9, 1946, the first meeting of the Constituent Assembly was held in the Library Building of the Council Chamber in New Delhi.
• The eldest member of the Assembly was elected as the Provisional Speaker of the Assembly.
• The Muslim League boycotted this meeting and demanded a separate Pakistan country.
• On December 11, 1946, Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the permanent President of the Constituent Assembly.
• The number of women members in the Constituent Assembly was 15.
• The last meeting of the Constituent Assembly took place on January 24, 1950, and on the same day, Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the first President of India by the Constituent Assembly.

• Diego Garcia is located in Indian Ocean. 
• Diego Garcia is an island of the British Indian Ocean Territory, an overseas territory of the United Kingdom. 
• It is a militarized atoll just south of the equator in the central Indian Ocean, and the largest of 60 small islands comprising the Chagos Archipelago.

• The height of the top of the troposphere varies with latitude (it is lowest over the poles and highest at the equator) and by season (it is lower in winter and higher in summer). It can be as high as 18 km (11.19 miles or 59055.1 feet) near the equator, and as low as 8 km (4.97 miles or 26246.7 feet) over the poles in winter.
• The stratosphere is free from clouds and associated weather phenomenon.That is why Jet aircrafts normally fly in the stratosphere.
• Extending from about 80 to 300 km (about 50 to 185 miles) in altitude, the ionosphere is an electrically conducting region capable of reflecting radio signals back to Earth.

The Coral reefs in India are mainly restricted to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Gulf of Mannar, Gulf of Kutch, Palk Strait and the Lakshadweep islands. All of these reefs are Fringing reefs, except Lakshadweep which are Atolls.

• The Gokak Falls is a waterfall located on the Ghataprabha River in Belagavi district of Karnataka.
• The Dhuandhar Falls are located on Narmada River in Bhedaghat and are 30 meters high. The Narmada River, making its way through the world-famous Marble Rocks, narrows down and then plunges in a waterfall known as Dhuandhaar.
• The Chitrakote Falls is a natural waterfall on the Indravati River, located approximately 38 kilometres to the west of Jagdalpur, in Bastar district of Chhattisgarh.
• Duduma Falls plunges from a height of more than 550 feet and is located on the border of Odisha and Andhra pradesh.

Arunachal Pradesh borders the states of Assam and Nagaland to the south. It shares international borders with Bhutan in the west, Myanmar in the east, and a disputed border with China in the north at the McMahon Line. Itanagar is the state capital of Arunachal Pradesh. Arunachal Pradesh is the largest of the Seven Sister States of Northeast India by area.

• Most of the precipitation in the taiga falls as rain in the summer, but also as fog and snow. The fog is especially predominant in low-lying areas during and after the thawing of frozen Arctic seas.
• The taiga is characterized predominantly by a limited number of conifer species—i.e., Pine , Spruce, Larch , Fir etc. These trees reach the highest latitudes of any trees on Earth.
• Polar climate is found in the continents bordering the Arctic Ocean, Greenland and Antarctica. The region is dry with less than 25 cm (10 in) of annual rainfall and most of the rainfall occurs during the summer.
• There are small deciduous trees like Maple, Spruce, Birch, Alder, Willow and Poplar along with trees like oak, elem and lime in the southernmost part of the taiga forest.The plants in the taiga region takes a little more time to grow as compared to the growth of the plants in the southern regions.

• Caspian sea is not only the biggest natural lake but also the biggest and longest salty lake. It covers about 371800 sq. km.
• Natural lakes tend to be located at the headwaters of rivers or streams, whereas man-made lakes tend to be closer to the mouth of the river or stream.
• The water levels in natural lakes are fairly constant, while those in reservoirs are typically managed for flood control, hydropower production, and/or navigation.

• The length of the lines of latitude decreases as we move towards the poles.
• The total number of latitudes is 181.
• The distance between two latitudes is about 111 km.
• The distance between two latitudes is called a 'zone'.

IMPORTANT FACTS-:
Latitude Line-:

• The angular distance from the equator of a place on the globe to the center of the earth towards north or south is called the latitude of that place.
• Here the angular distance is related to the angle formed at the center of the earth from the equator.
• If a place is north of the equator then its latitude will be north and if it is south then its latitude will be south.                                                
• In the figure there is a place A on the earth, whose angle from the equator to the center of the earth is 45 degrees. 
• So the latitude of this place will be 45 degrees. 
• The total number of lines of latitude is 90 (south) + 90 north + equator = 181 latitudes.
• The total number of longitude lines is 360.
• The distance between two lines of longitude is 111.3 km. On moving towards the poles, the distance between the lines of longitude decreases. And the distance between them at the poles is 0 km.

GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS-:
Time offset-:

• When there is a difference of one longitude, there is a difference of 4 minutes in time.
• Since the earth rotates from west to east.
• As a result, on moving east, time increases by 4 minutes at each longitude and on moving west, time decreases by 4 minutes at each longitude.

• When the terrestrial water area is separated from the sea at the mouth of a river by the mounds of sand or mud carried by ocean currents or winds, it is called a lagoon. Chilka, Kolleru and Pulicat lakes are the prime examples of lagoon lakes.
• The lagoon lakes in Kerala are known as Kayals; Like - Punnamada Kayal, Ashtamudi Kayal, Vembanad Kayal etc.

Let the total item =100kg.
According to the question, 

To get 30% of the total profit,
so the required % on the remaining item

x = 46% (approximately)

According to the question,70% is distributed equally / their distribution of remaining 30%amount will be as follows-
Let total amount = 5 + 7 = 12
Remaining amount 

(Given)
1 unit = 80
12 unit (total profit) = Rs.960

The major economic impact of British policies in India came from the introduction of commercial crops such as tea, coffee, opium, cotton, jute, sugarcane and oilseeds  . Different commercial crops were presented with different purposes. Indian opium was used to balance the sugar, tea trade. Which later went in favor of Britain.
Important facts:

• The commercialization of agriculture and the pace of transfer of ownership increased the number of landless laborers in the country.  Due to this a large number of traders, traders and touts exploited the farmers in this situation. 
• Farmers were now dependent on them to sell their fields during the harvest as farmers now grew commercial crops. Due to which food production decreased.
•  Due to various economic policies, huge amount of money was sent from our country to Britain.
• The additional financial burden was passed on to India by the British due to planned expenditure on salaries, pensions and training of military and civilian employees. 
• Had this money been invested in India, the country's economy could have improved a lot. The economic policies implemented by the British changed the social structure of the Indian society.

Political aspect 

• The governor (of Fort William of Fort St George) was the administrative head of the East India Company until 1772.
•  Warren Hastings, the governor of Fort William, was made the Governor-General of Bengal in accordance with the Regulating Act of 1773.
•  The Charter Act 1833 designated the post as the Governor-General of India, and William Bentinck was appointed the first Governor-General of United British India. 
• The Governor-General was elected by the Board of Directors of the East India Company, to which he was responsible. 
• After the Great Rebellion of 1857, when the Government of India was transferred from the East India Company to the Crown, the title "Viceroy and Governor-General" was first used in the Queen's Proclamation of 1858. Canning was the first Viceroy and Governor - the General of India accountable to the British Parliament.

Economic aspect 

• His land-revenue policies yielded large sums of money to the farmers and revenue from them. 
• He emphasized the commercialization of various agricultural crops and ensured the supply of raw materials for British industries. 
• With strong political control the British were able to monopolize trade in India. 
• They monopolized the sale of all kinds of raw materials and bought them at low prices while Indian weavers bought it at exorbitant prices. 
• To protect its own industry, Britain imposed heavy import taxes on Indian goods. 
• Various directions were given to improve the transport and communication system in the country so that the movement of raw materials from farms to ports and finished goods from ports to markets could be facilitated. 
• Simultaneously, to create a new class, he promoted English education and propagated Christianity.

The chief officer of each province was called Nazim. It had both military and civilian rights.
Important Facts

• The Sikh kingdom was divided into provinces, which were called subahs. 
• There were a total of four provinces - Lahore, Multan, Kashmir and Peshawar.
• Each province was divided into parganas, the chief kardar was here, he used to collect revenue apart from peacekeeping. 
• The parganas were divided into taluks,each taluk consisting of 50 to 100 mouzas or villages where the panchayat looked after the administrative work. 

• The First Anglo-Mysore War was fought between  Hyder Ali and the British  from 1767 to 1769 AD . Hyder Ali was victorious in this   .
• Nizam and Marathas supported the British in this war. And  it was ended by the Treaty of Madras in 1769 AD. 
• Hyder Ali's friendship with the French is  considered the cause of the  Anglo-Mysore war.
• Hyder Ali had appointed French officers to train his army in a modern way.
• With the help of the French,  Hyder Ali established a modern armory in Dindigul in 1755. 
• Another cause   of conflict was the Mysore border dispute between the Madras government and Karnataka.
• The Madras government wanted friendship with Hyder Ali to control the northern government   , but the Nizam wanted his suzerainty over the northern government.
• In this  war, Hyder Ali, while showing his diplomacy, dissolved  the  trinity of Marathas, Nizam and British and defeated the British and forced them to make the Treaty of Madras in 1769 AD. This war also ended the invincibility of the British.

Important facts

• First Anglo-Mysore War  (1767-69) – Treaty of Madras on April 4, 1769
• Third Anglo-Mysore War  (1790-92) - Treaty of Srirangapatnam in the year 1792
• Fourth Anglo-Mysore War  (1799) - May 4, 1799 Tipu's death

• The Imperial Cadet Corps (1901–1917) was a cadet corps or military school established specifically to provide officer training to the princes and gentlemen of British India .
• It was established in November 1901 in Meerut and Dehradun under the direct supervision of Lord Curzon .

Important facts

• Its purpose was to arrange military education for the princes and sons of the princes of the country. 
• During his tenure the Archaeological Survey of India was established  .

Lord Ripon

• Lord Ripon  came   as the Viceroy of India  in 1880 AD and remained in  this post till 1884 AD .
• With the efforts of Lord Ripon,  a network of municipalities and local bodies and boards was spread in the major cities  of India. Due to his reforms in the field of local self-government, Lord Ripon is called the 'Father of Local Self-Government in India' .  
• Other work done by Ripon ----
• Repeal of Vernacular Act , First Factories Act 1881, Ilbert Bill -  According to this bill Indian judges were also to be given the right to hear the trial of European criminals. But as soon as this bill was introduced in the Central Legislature,  Europeans and Anglo-Indians  strongly opposed it. As a result the bill could not be passed.

Lord Reading 

• He was the only Jewish Viceroy of India. At the time  of Chauri Chaura incident,  Swaraj Party was formed and  the Rowlatt Act was repealed .

Kristopal Das , who is called the prince of Indian journalism.
Important Facts 

• Eminent social reformer Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar started the publication of "Som Prakash" as a weekly in 1859. This newspaper strongly supported the interests of the farmers in the indigo movement  .
• Lord Lytton's Vernacular Press Act - 1878 was implemented against this newspaper .
• A few years after the establishment of  Somprakash , the Hindu Patriot was also  taken over by Vidyasagar. The editor of this newspaper was Christopal Das, who is also called the prince of Indian journalism.
• In 1868, Motilal Ghosh started  the publication of Amrit Bazar Patrika weekly in Bengali language .
• To avoid the Vernacular Press Act - 1878, Amrit Bazar Patrika was converted into English language overnight .

Historical Aspects

• The East India Company established its first printing press in Bombay in 1684 AD.
• The Bengal Gazette, published in 1780 by James Augustus Hickey, is considered the first newspaper in India. 
• The first attempt in the field of independent and neutral journalism in India was made by Hickey and Birkingham with the publication of the Calcutta General.
• The first newspaper published in English by an Indian was the Bengal Gazette, published in 1816,  by Gangadhar Bhattacharya. 

In September 1928,a meeting was held under theleadership of Chandrashekhar Azadin the grounds of Delhi's Ferozeshah Kotlaand the name ofHindustan Republican Association was changed to Hindustan Socialist Republic Association.
Important facts

• Hindustan Republican Association was established in 1924 in Kanpur.
• Its founding members wereShachindra Sanyal (President), Ram Prasad Bismil, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee and Chandrashekhar Azad.
• On 9 August 1925, "Eight Down Saharanpur-Lucknow Passenger Train" was robbed by this organization at a place called Kakori of Lucknow-Saharanpur division of Northern Railway. 
• This was the first biggest event of Hindustan Republican Association.
• Ram Prasad Bismil, Asfaqullah, Roshan Lal and Rajendra Lahiri were hanged for this incident, while Chandrashekhar Azad escaped.
   

• Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman unveiled the fourth edition of Public Sector Bank (PSB) reform agenda 'EASE 4.0' for 2021-22
• Several banks participated in the award ceremony to felicitate the best performing banks on the EASE 3.0 Banking Reforms Index.
• Indian Bank won the award for best improvement from baseline performance.
• SBI, BOB, Union Bank of India, Punjab National Bank and Canara Bank won top prizes in various subjects of PSB Reforms Agenda EASE 3.0.

Options explanation:-

• Punjab National Bank is an Indian Public sector bank headquartered in Delhi.
• Founded: 19 May 1894.

Union Bank of India:-

• Headquarters: Mumbai
• Founded: 11 November 1919

Canara Bank:-

• Headquarters: Bengaluru.
• Founded: 1 July 1906

• US President Joe Biden and British Prime Minister Boris Johnson agreed to hold a virtual G7 meeting on Afghanistan in view of the recent developments in Afghanistan.

Important points:-

• 48th G7 Summit, Indian Prime Minister invited the G7 Nations to tap into the huge market for clean energy technologies emerging in the country.
• Germany holds the presidency of the G7 in 2022.

Group of Seven:-

• It is an intergovernmental organisation that was formed in 1975.
• The G7 countries are the UK, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and the US.
• All the G7 countries and India are a part of G20.
• The presidency, which rotates among member countries each year, is in charge of setting the agenda. Sherpas, ministers and envoys hammer out policy initiatives before the summit.
• As of 2022, G7 countries make up 10% of the world’s population, 31% of global GDP, and 21% of global carbon dioxide emissions, according to the Summit website. 
• China and India, the two most populous countries with among the largest GDP figures in the world, are not part of the grouping.
• In all G7 countries, annual public sector expenditure exceeded revenue in 2021. 
• Most G7 countries also had a high level of gross debt, especially Japan (263% of GDP), Italy (151%) and the US (133%).
• The G7 countries are important players in global trade. 
• The US and Germany in particular are major export nations.

• The Foundation for Environmental Education is headquartered in Copenhagen, Denmark, and was formed in 1981
• The country with the most Blue Flag certification is Spain.
• At present, 4820 beaches, marinas, and tourism operators from 49 countries are included.

Important facts:-

• It is an internationally recognized eco-label that is accorded based on 33 criterias. These criterias are divided into 4 major heads namely,
• Environmental education and information
• Bathing water quality
• Environmental management
• Conservation and safety services in the beaches
• Blue Flag beaches are considered the cleanest beaches of the world. 
• It is accorded by the international jury composed of eminent members - United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO), Denmark-based NGO Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE) and International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
• On the lines of Blue Flag certification, India has also launched its own eco-label BEAMS (Beach Environment & Aesthetics Management Services).

Eight Beaches have Received the Certification:-

• Shivrajpur in Gujarat
• Ghoghla in Daman & Diu
• Kasarkod in Karnataka
• Padubidri beach in Karnataka
• Kappad in Kerala
• Rushikonda in Andhra Pradesh
• Golden beach of Odisha
• Radhanagar beach in Andaman and Nicobar.

Static aspects:-
List of International Organizations and their Headquarters:-

• United Nations Organisation: New York, USA
• United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF): New York, USA
• UN Women:-New York, USA
• United Nations Security Council (UNSC): New York, USA
• International Monetary Fund (IMF): Washington DC, United States
• World Bank Group (WBG): Washington DC, United States
• World Health Organisation (WHO): Geneva, Switzerland
• International Labour Organisation:- Geneva, Switzerland
• United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO):- Paris, France
• International Maritime Organisation (IMO):- London, United Kingdom
• Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO):- Rome, Italy
• North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO):- Brussels, Belgium
• Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC):- Queenstown, Singapore

• The world's oldest cave art has been discovered in Indonesia depicting a wild boar.
• This painting is at least 45,500 years old.

Important facts:-

• The picture was found in the Leang Tedongnge cave in a remote valley on the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia.
• It shows a pig with a short crest of upright hairs and a pair of horn-like facial warts in front of the eyes, a characteristic feature of adult male Sulawesi warty pigs.
• Sulawesi warty pigs were the most commonly portrayed animal in the ice age rock art of the island, suggesting they have long been valued both as food and a focus of creative thinking and artistic expression.
• Painted using red ochre pigment, the pig appears to be observing a fight or social interaction between two other warty pigs.

Historical aspects:-
Ajanta:-

• This cave is located in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra.
• Famous fresco paintings of Ajanta are dying princesses, flying apsara, and preaching Buddha.

Ellora:-

• It is located in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra.

Elephanta:-

• It is located on Elephanta Islands in Mumbai.
• There are seven cave excavations in the Elephanta group.

Bhimbetka:-

• It is located between Hoshangabad and Bhopal, in the foothills of the Vindhya Mountains.
• It has one of the oldest paintings in India and the world.

• Climate Adaptation Summit - 2021 hosted by the Netherlands is attended by more than 30 world leaders, 50 ministers, and 50 international organizations from scientists, the private sector, civil society, and youth representatives, and over 18,500 registered participants.

Important facts:-

• Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi represented India at this conference.
• In the past, there has been a serious debate on the causes of forest fires and climate change in India, Australia, and Brazil.
• On December 12, 2020, Climate Ambition Summit-2020 was chaired by the United Kingdom and France
• The summit was built on the advances of the UN Climate Action Summit.
• The summit also showcased the pioneering solutions to the climate emergency and sustained momentum through UNFCCC’s COP26.
• CAS will help in delivering the action and inspire the change to help the societies build back better.
• The organizers of the summit also called for major new funding for agricultural research.
• They also expanded the access to farmer advisory services, risk management, and financial services.

Static aspects:-
Climate Adaptation Summit:-

• The summit was organized with the aim of realizing the transitions which are required for a climate-resilient world.
• The summit focuses on securing new investments in order to ensure that millions of smallholder farmers could adapt to the impact of climate on food production.

COP 26:-

• The 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference is also known as COP26. 
• It is the 26th United Nations Climate Change conference. 
• It was held in Glasgow, Scotland from November 1 to 12, 2021. 
• The United Kingdom chaired the summit.  
• The conference was incorporate the 26th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the third meeting of the parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA3), and the 16th meeting of the parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP16).

The Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) along with the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) India has come up with a unique initiative a “firefly bird diverter” for overhead power lines in areas where Great Indian Bustard (GIB) populations are found in the wild.
Important facts:-

• The Wildlife Conservation Society is a non-governmental organization headquartered in New York, that aims to conserve the world's largest wild places in 14 priority regions.
• The Supreme Court of India, in a recent hearing, had also directed that power lines in GIB landscapes should be placed underground.
• The diverters are called fireflies because they look like fireflies from a distance, shining on power lines at night.
• This model has been endorsed by experts from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Species Survival Commission’s (SSC) Bustard Specialist Group.