BPSC Prelims Mock Test - 1 - BPSC (Bihar) MCQ

The Mahalwari System and its Features

• Introduction:
  • The Mahalwari system was introduced by Holt Mackenzie in 1822 and reviewed under Lord William Bentinck in 1833.
• Implementation Areas:
  • It was implemented in North-West Frontier, Agra, Central Province, Gangetic Valley, Punjab, among other regions.
• Land Division:
  • Total land was divided into mahals, and taxes were assessed on these mahals.
• Ownership Rights:
  • Peasants held ownership rights, and each peasant contributed their share of the tax.
• Rent Concept:
  • The system introduced the concept of average rent for different soil classes.
• Revenue Collection:
  • Revenue was collected by the village headman.

Key Points

• Mahalwari System:
  • Introduced by Holt Mackenzie in 1822 and reviewed under Lord William Bentinck in 1833.
  • Implemented in various regions like North-West Frontier, Agra, Central Province, Gangetic Valley, Punjab.
  • Land divided into mahals with taxes assessed on them.
  • Peasants had ownership rights and contributed to taxes.
  • Concept of average rent for different soil classes introduced.
  • Revenue collection done by the village headman.

Additional Information

• Ryotwari System:
  • Introduced by Sir Thomas Munro in the 18th century.
  • Practiced in areas like Madras, Bombay, Assam, and Coorg provinces.
  • Peasants considered owners of the land with rights to sell, mortgage, or gift it.
  • Taxes directly collected from peasants by the government.
  • Failure to pay taxes led to eviction by the government.

The Growth of Militant Nationalism in India

• The Exploitative Attitude of the British: The British rule in India was characterized by exploitation and oppression. Early nationalists exposed the true nature of British rule, highlighting how it had led to the deterioration of India's self-sufficient economy into a colonial one. This exploitation fueled anger among the younger generation of Congress leaders, leading to the emergence of militant nationalist movements.
• Growth of Confidence and Self-Respect in Indians: During the 19th and 20th centuries, there was a growing sense of self-respect and confidence among Indian leaders and the public. Visionary leaders like Aurobindo Ghosh, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Bipin Chandra Pal advocated for greater mass participation, believing in the ability of the masses to make sacrifices for the attainment of Swaraj.
• International Influences: Events on the global stage also played a role in shaping militant nationalism in India. The economic and industrial rise of Japan post-1868 inspired Indians, showing that a backward Asian country could progress independently. Victories like Ethiopia defeating the Italian army in 1896 instilled hope in Indian nationalists that they too could resist colonial powers. Movements in countries like Ireland, Russia, Turkey, and Egypt served as sources of inspiration for Indian youth, contributing to the growth of militant nationalism in the Indian freedom movement.

Census 2011 Survey Details

• Key Points:
  • Census is a subject under the Union list in Article 246.
  • It is carried out by the Home Ministry.
  • The first census in India was conducted in 1951 after independence.
  • Census 2011 is the 15th overall in India, 14th decadal, and 7th after independence.

Key Points

• Additional Information:
  • First written evidence of census is found in the Arthashastra by Kautilya.
  • During the Mughal era, Abul Fazal described demography in his book Ain I Akbari.
  • In the modern era, the first census was conducted by Lord Mayo in 1872.
  • The ten-year census cycle was initiated by Lord Rippon in 1881.

The Functions of Urban Local Governments

• Definition of Urban Local Government: The governing of an urban area by the people through their elected representatives is referred to as urban local government. The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 gave local governments constitutional standing.
• Responsibilities Entrusted by State Governments: State governments have entrusted Urban Local Governments with a comprehensive list of responsibilities. Some of the functions of Urban Local Bodies include:
  • Public Health
  • Water Supply
  • Market Maintenance
  • Welfare
  • Public Safety
  • Public Infrastructure and Development Works
  • Regulatory Functions
• Additional Information: The Ministry of Health is responsible for the immunization of people and, therefore, Public Vaccination is a function of Urban Local Governments.
• Conclusion: Public Health, Water Supply, and Market Maintenance are all integral functions of Urban Local Governments.

• Goods and Services Tax (GST) is NOT an instrument of the monetary policy of the Reserve Bank of India.
  • It is an indirect tax known as the Levy on Goods and Services, which has replaced various Indian indirect taxes like excise duty, VAT, and taxes on utilities.
  • The Goods and Service Tax Act was enacted in Parliament on 29th March 2017 and became effective on 1st July 2017.

Additional Information

• Bank Rate: The bank rate is the rate at which the RBI is willing to buy or rediscount an exchange invoice or other commercial document. It is governed by the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, Section 49. The bank rate is connected to the MSF rate and adjusts automatically with changes in the policy repo rate.
• Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR): Banks are required to maintain a certain average daily balance with the RBI as a percentage of their Net Demand and Time Liabilities (NDTL), as specified by the RBI in the Gazette of India.
• Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR): Banks need to maintain a certain portion of their NDTL in the form of liquid and secure assets like government securities, currency, and gold to meet the SLR requirements.

Understanding Cell Swelling in Solutions

• Hypotonic Solution
  In a hypotonic solution, the cell will gain water and swell up. This happens because:

  • The hypotonic solution has lower osmotic pressure compared to the cell.
  • It contains more water molecules than the cell, leading to water moving into the cell.

Additional Information

• Isotonic Solution: It contains an equal concentration of solutes. Cells in an isotonic solution neither shrink nor swell up.
• Hypertonic Solution: This solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to the cell, causing the cell to lose water and shrink.
• Acidic Solution: It has a high concentration of hydrogen ions but is not directly related to cell swelling.

Concept:

• Newton's Third Law of Motion states that 'To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction'.
• When the rocket is ignited, it releases gases from its thrusters thereby creating a force that will push rocket upwards which provides a necessary force that helps it in moving ahead.
• Newton's Second Law of motion states that the rate of change of momentum of an object is proportional to the applied force in the direction of the force. i.e. F=ma. Where F is the force applied, m is the mass of the body, and a is the acceleration produced.
• A fielder pulling his hand back while catching a ball is an application of Newton's second law of motion.
• Newton First law states that Every object remains in uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change its state by the action of an external force.
• When a bus starts suddenly, the passengers receive a backward jerk an application of Newton's first law of motion.
• Conservation of linear momentum (P): If there is no external force acting on the system then initial momentum of the system equal to final momentum.

i.e., Pinitial = P final
From the above explanation, we can see that,

• The principle of conservation of momentum states that in an isolated system of objects on which no external force is acting, the initial momentum of the objects is equal to the final total momentum of the objects, that is, the total momentum of the system remains conserved.
• It is embodied in Newton's first law (the law of inertia).
• Momentum is the amount of motion that an object possesses and mathematically, momentum is the product of the mass and velocity of the object.

Identification of Cellulose Regenerated Fibre

• Rayon is the fibre referred to as cellulose regenerated fibre.
• This type of fibre is derived from natural sources, such as cellulose found in wood pulp.
• The process involves extracting cellulose from trees, combining it with sodium hydroxide and other chemicals, and then spinning it into the rayon fiber.

Analysis and Explanation:

• The given problem involves assigning a numerical value to each letter of the alphabet.
• Each letter is represented by a specific number based on certain operations.

Pattern Identification:

• For the word "HEAL":
  • H is represented as 8, obtained by adding 2 to 6.
  • E is represented as 3, obtained by subtracting 2 from 5.
  • A is represented as 3, obtained by adding 2 to 1.
  • L is represented as 10, obtained by subtracting 2 from 12.
• Following the same pattern, "HEAL" is represented as 103310.

Calculation for "NILE":

• For the word "NILE":
  • N is represented as 14, obtained by adding 2 to 12.
  • I is represented as 7, obtained by subtracting 2 from 9.
  • L is represented as 14, obtained by adding 2 to 12.
  • E is represented as 3, obtained by subtracting 2 from 5.
• Following the same pattern, "NILE" is represented as 167143.

Calculation for "KITE":

• For the word "KITE":
  • K is represented as 13, obtained by adding 2 to 11.
  • I is represented as 7, obtained by subtracting 2 from 9.
  • T is represented as 22, obtained by adding 2 to 20.
  • E is represented as 3, obtained by subtracting 2 from 5.
• Following the same pattern, "KITE" is represented as 137223.

Therefore, the correct numerical representation for the word "KITE" is 137223.

• The Samudrayaan Mission: This mission is set to be launched by the Ministry of Earth Science in 2026. Its main objective is to develop a self-propelled manned submersible capable of carrying 3 human beings to a water depth of 6000 meters in the ocean. The submersible will be equipped with a suite of scientific sensors and tools for deep ocean exploration.
• Implementing Agency: The National Institute of Ocean Technology will be responsible for implementing the Samudrayaan Mission.

Additional Information

• Ministry of Earth Sciences: Formed on 29th January 2006, the Ministry of Earth Sciences was created through a merger of various entities including the India Meteorological Department, the National Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting, the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, the Earth Risk Evaluation Centre, and the Ministry of Ocean Development. The current chairperson of the ministry is Jitendra Singh.

• Mukhyamantri Balika Cycle Yojana in Bihar:
  • Mukhyamantri Balika Cycle Yojana in Bihar is a scheme that focuses on providing bicycles to girls to enhance their access to education.
  • The scheme aims to tackle transportation challenges faced by girls, particularly in rural areas, and encourage their enrollment and attendance in schools.
  • The implementation of the Mukhyamantri Balika Cycle Yojana is overseen by the Department of Social Welfare in Bihar.
  • The Department of Social Welfare is responsible for creating and executing schemes and initiatives that concentrate on the well-being and progress of women and girls in the state.
  • The primary goal of the scheme is to empower girls through education and mobility. By providing bicycles, it aims to make it easier for girls to reach educational institutions, thereby fostering their empowerment and holistic growth.
  • The focus of the Mukhyamantri Balika Cycle Yojana is on distributing bicycles to girls from economically disadvantaged backgrounds.
  • The scheme is intended to assist those who encounter financial difficulties in accessing education and transportation services.

Key Points:

• The first All India Radio station in Bihar was established in Patna on January 26, 1948.
• It was inaugurated by Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel, the then Home Minister of India, with Shri Bal Sitaram as the first Director.
• Bihar has medium-wave radio stations in Patna, Bhagalpur, and Darbhanga Vividh Bharti (Ratuha Centre).
• There are a total of 8 All India Radio Stations in Bihar, with 6 FM Radio Stations in Patna and 1 each in Muzaffarpur, Sasaram, and Purnea.
• Based on this information, Statement 1 is incorrect.

Television Station:

• The first Doordarshan Kendra in Bihar was established in Muzaffarpur on August 14, 1978.
• Subsequently, the Patna Doordarshan Kendra was inaugurated on October 13, 1980.
• Colour broadcasting from Patna began in 1982.
• Doordarshan services have expanded to various districts and cities in Bihar like Patna, Gaya, Bhagalpur, and Darbhanga.
• Bihar has 5 high-capacity transmitters, with important Doordarshan Kendras in Patna, Katihar, and Muzaffarpur.
• Bihar also has 26 low-capacity transmitters. Hence, Statement 2 is incorrect.
• Patna has both radio and television centers in Bihar, making Statement 3 correct.

Additional Information:

• Telecommunication services in Bihar connect cities within the state and with other parts of the country for personal, administrative, and commercial purposes.
• In 2018, Bihar's tele-density increased from 54 in 2016 to 63, indicating the number of telephones per 100 people.
• Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) and other providers like Airtel, Vodafone, and Idea operate in Bihar.
• Rural tele-density in Bihar was 44, while urban areas had 221 telephones per 100 people in 2018.

Postal Service:

• Post services, including speed post, connect Patna with other Indian cities and all district headquarters in Bihar.
• Private courier services have been operational in selected Bihar cities since 1990-91.

• In Munger and Nalanda, paleolithic sites have been uncovered.
• Mesolithic sites have been discovered at Hazaribagh, Ranchi, Singhbhum, and Santhal Pargana (all in Jharkhand).
• Neolithic artifacts have been unearthed in Chirand (Saran), Chechar (Vaishali), Champa (Bhagalpur), and Taradih (Gaya).

Key Points

• In the prehistoric period, various sites in Bihar have provided evidence of human activity.
• The Mesolithic habitation remains found in Munger are the earliest proof of human activity in Bihar.
• Artefacts from the Mesolithic Period (12000 BC - 6000 BC) have been discovered at Munger, Hazaribagh, Ranchi, Singhbhum, and Santhal Pargana.
  • Rock art from this period depicts the daily lives of early humans engaging in activities like hunting, running, dancing, and more.
  • Symbols such as the moon, stars, animals, plants, trees, and rivers are used to express a connection to nature.
• Artefacts from the Neolithic Period (2500-1345 BC) have been found in Chechar (Saran), Chirand (Saran), and other sites in Bihar.
  • Chirand is known for its Neolithic tools and pottery like black and red ware, ochre painted pottery, and spotted vessels.
  • Other sites like Chechar in Vaishali, Taradih, Senuwar, and Maner also date back to the Neolithic period.
• Items from the Chalcolithic Period (2000 BC - 700 BC) have been discovered in Bihar's Ganga plains.
  • Notable sites include Chirand (Saran), Maner (Patna), Onup and Champa (Bhagalpur), Chechar-Kutubpur (Vaishali), Sonpur, and Taradih (Gaya).

Additional Information

• The prehistoric period is divided into Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic eras.
• Rock art and artifacts provide insights into the prehistoric lifestyle and the natural environment in Bihar.

The Founding of Kanya Swyam Sevika Dal in Bihar

• Vindhyavasini Devi
  • After meeting Gandhi Ji in 1919, Vindhyavasini Devi dedicated herself to social activities.
  • She was an advocate against the sale of foreign goods and alcohol.
  • In 1930, she was detained during the salt agitation along with other women.
  • In 1932, the government declared the Kanya Swyam Sevika Dal illegal, leading to Vindhyavasini Devi's transportation to Muzaffarpur jail.
• Tara Rani Srivastava
  • Born in Saran, Bihar, Tara Rani married Phulendu Babu.
  • She led groups of women in her community against colonial rule and participated in protests with her husband.
  • In 1942, they joined Gandhi Ji's Quit India Movement, organized demonstrations, and planned to hoist the Indian flag at the Siwan Police Station.
• Prabhavati Devi Narayan
  • Prabhavati Devi, a freedom fighter, married Jai Prakash Narayan.
  • In 1932, she was arrested in Lucknow for supporting the boycott of imported goods.
  • Given the responsibility by Gandhi Ji and Rajendra Prasad, she coordinated girl volunteers.
  • To involve abandoned women in the charkha movement, Prabhavati founded the Mahila Charkha Samiti in Patna.
  • During the Quit India Movement, she was imprisoned in Bhagalpur jail.
  • She battled advanced cancer and passed away on April 15, 1973.
• Jayaprakash Narayan
  • Jayaprakash Narayan, a political figure and freedom fighter from Bihar.
  • In 1999, he was honored with the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, for his social service.
• Tarkeshwari Sinha
  • Tarkeshwari Sinha, a freedom fighter, joined the Quit India Movement at the age of 16 as a student at Bankipore College in Patna.
  • Impacted by the Indian National Army soldiers' plight at the Red Fort in 1945, she became politically active.
  • Selected as the Bihar Students Congress president, she welcomed Mahatma Gandhi during his visit to Nalanda to quell Hindu-Muslim violence during Partition.

The Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act of 1856

• The Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act of 1856 was passed on 16 July 1856.
• It allowed the remarriage of widows in all parts of India under the rule of the East India Company.
• Formulated by Lord Dalhousie and enacted by Lord Canning before the Indian Rebellion of 1857, it was a significant social reform law aimed at improving the status of widows in India.
• This act marked a crucial step forward after the abolition of the practice of Sati in 1829 by Lord William Bentinck.
• It granted widows the same rights and inheritances they had during their first marriage.

Additional Information on Legislation Safeguarding Women's Rights

• The Hindu Succession Act, 1956 – This law grants women the right to claim and inherit parental property.
• The Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956 – It allows childless women to adopt and ensures divorced women have the right to seek maintenance from their former husbands.
• Special Marriage Act, 1954 – Provides women the freedom to engage in inter-caste and love marriages, with permission required for girls under 18 years of age.
• Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 – Protects women by outlawing the practice of demanding dowry.
• The Hindu Marriage Act 1955 – Ensures women have equal rights in divorce and remarriage while prohibiting polygamy, polyandry, and child marriages.

The Golden Threshold - Associated with Sarojini Naidu

• "The Golden Threshold"
  • Published in 1905.
  • A beautiful collection of poetry including "Folk Songs", "Songs for Music", and "Poems".
• Sarojini Naidu
  • First Indian woman to become the President of the Indian National Congress.
  • First woman to become the governor of a state in India.
  • Known as ‘The Nightingale of India’.
  • First woman Governor of an Indian state after independence.
  • Her birthday, February 13, is honoured as Women's Day in India.
  • Took part in the Salt March with Mahatma Gandhi and was arrested by the British authorities in 1930.
  • Played an important role in Quit India Movement.
  • Also wrote 'The Feather of the Dawn', a collection of poems.

Location of Bara-lacha Pass in Himachal Himalaya

• The correct answer is Bara-lacha pass.

Key Points

• A mountain pass is a path through the mountain range or the ridge. These passes are crucial as they provide a route through the mountain ranges, which otherwise act as barriers for traveling. Examples include Karakoram Pass and Nathu-la Pass.

Important Points

• Bara-lacha Pass:

  • Bara-lacha Pass is a high mountain pass in the Zanskar range, connecting Lahaul district in Himachal Pradesh to Leh district in Ladakh.
  • The Leh–Manali Highway traverses the pass.
  • The two headwaters of the Chenab River, Chandra, and Bhaga, originate near the Baralacha Pass.
  • The Bhaga river originates from Surya taal lake, which is situated a few kilometers from the pass towards Manali.
  • The Chandra originates from glaciers in this region.
  • The local name of Chenab, "Chandrabhaga", represents the union of Chandra and Bhaga rivers downstream.
  • The pass also acts as a water divide between the Bhaga river and the Yunam river.

Hence, Bara-lacha pass is located in Himachal Himalaya.

Understanding Federal System of Government

• Definition: Federal System of government refers to a system where power is divided between the central government and regional governments.
• Origin of Term: The term 'federation' is derived from the Latin word "foedus" which translates to "treaty or agreement."
• Model: The Indian federal system is primarily based on the Canadian model.
• Division of Power: The classification of government into unitary and federal is based on the distribution of power between the national and regional governments.
• Key Feature: In a federal government, powers are constitutionally divided between the national and regional governments, allowing both to operate independently within their jurisdictions.

Examples of Countries with Federal System:

1. USA
2. Switzerland
3. Australia
4. Canada
5. Russia
6. Brazil

Additional Information:

• Unitary Government: In contrast, a unitary government concentrates all powers in the national government.
• Authority: Under a unitary system, regional governments derive their authority from the central government.

Countries with Unitary Model of Government:

1. Britain
2. France
3. Spain
4. China
5. Italy
6. Norway
7. Sweden

The Lakdawala Committee

• The Lakdawala Committee was formed in 1993 and chaired by Professor D.T. Lakdawala.
• Official poverty lines in India until 2011 were based on the recommendations of this committee.
• According to the committee, poverty was defined as the inability to meet average energy requirements.
• The poverty line was determined based on household per capita consumption expenditure.
• The committee utilized CPI-IL and CPI-AL for estimating the poverty line.
• Initially, health and education were excluded from poverty calculations as they were considered state responsibilities.
• The method involved estimating per capita household expenditure to meet energy norms and then setting that as the poverty line.
• As a result of this formula, the number of people below the poverty line almost doubled.
• In 1993-94, 16% of the population was below the poverty line, which increased to 36.3% with the Lakdawala calculation.
• The poverty line ensured individuals could afford specific calorie consumption levels along with clothing and shelter.
• These calorie consumption levels were derived from the YK Alagh committee.

Additional Information

• The National Income Committee defines national income as the value of commodities and services produced in an economy without duplication.
• The Government of India established the National Income Committee in 1949.
• Chaired by Prof. P.C. Mahalanobis, the committee included Prof. D.R. Gadgil and Dr. V.K.R.V. Rao as members.
• The committee presented its first report in 1951.
• The first report was signed on 15 April 1951, stating India's National Income for 1948-49 was Rs. 8,710 crores with a per capita income of Rs. 225.
• The final report was signed on 14 February 1954.

Key Points
Amoeba:

• Amoeba is a single-celled microscopic creature found in pond water.
• In its cytoplasm, the amoeba contains a cell membrane, a spherical, dense nucleus, and numerous tiny bubble-like vacuoles.
• Amoeba's shape and position are constantly changing.
• For mobility and food capture, it pulls out one or more finger-like projections known as pseudopodia or fake feet. Hence option 2 is correct.
• Amoeba consumes microscopic organisms.
• When it detects food, it extrudes pseudopodia that engulf the food particle.
• Food becomes trapped in a food vacuole and it receives digestive fluids.
• The digested meal is absorbed gradually.

Understanding the Half-Life Period of First Order Reaction

• Half-life: The half-life of a chemical reaction refers to the time required for the concentration of a reactant to reach 50% of its initial concentration. It is denoted by 't1/2' and is typically measured in seconds.
• Calculation of Half-Life Period for First Order Reaction:

N = N₀ / 2n
Where, n = number of half-lives
n = Total time (t) / Half-life period (t½)
N₀ = Initial concentration of the substance
N = Amount of radioactive substance left after n- half-lives
Given:  t½ = 20 min ; Let N0 = x ;
After 75% completion, the remaining amount of reactant is 25% of x, which is x / 4
To find the total time (t):
Solving for t:
We know, N = N₀ / 2n
⇒ x / 4 = x / 2n
⇒ 2n = 4
⇒  n = 2
Also, n = Total time (t) / Half-life period (t½)
⇒ 2 = t / 20
⇒ t = 40 min
Therefore, the first order reaction takes 40 minutes to reach 75% completion.

The Bihar Plain and its Divisions
Bihar Plain:

• Bihar plain is located between the Northern Mountains and the Southern Plateau region. It is bounded by a 150m contour line in the North as well as in the South.
• Bihar plain is further sub-divided into two parts:

Northern Plain:

• The Northern plain is located in East & West Champaran (Terai area having higher elevation), and Chaurs of Samastipur, Begusarai, Saharsa, and Kathihar districts. This region is also drained by rivers like Saryu, Gandak, Burhi Gandak, Bagmati, Kamla-Balan, Kosi, and Mahanadi along with their tributaries.

Southern Plain:

• The Southern plain is narrower than the northern plain and has a triangular shape due to the presence of hills such as Gaya, Rajgir, Giriak, Bihar Sharif, Sheikhpura, Jamalpur, and Kharagpur hills.
• The Bihar Plain is situated in the northern plains of India. It consists of the Northern Plain and the Southern Plain.
• The Eastern Plain is not part of the Bihar Plain; instead, it is located in the eastern part of India and is a part of the Gangetic plain.
• The correct answer is Eastern plain, as it is not a part of the Bihar Plain. The other options, Northern plain and Southern plain, are both components of the Bihar plain.

Understanding the Formation of DRDO

• DRDO Overview: DRDO is the military research and development arm of the Ministry of Defence, located in New Delhi, India.
• Foundation: Established in 1958, DRDO has a significant history in India's defence sector.
• Amalgamation: DRDO was created through the merging of the existing Technical Development Establishment (TDEs) of the Indian Army, the Directorate of Technical Development & Production (DTDP), and the Defence Science Organisation (DSO).
• Mission and Vision: DRDO aims to equip India with advanced defence technologies and achieve self-reliance in critical defence systems.
• Leadership: The current Chief of DRDO is Samir V Kamat.

Additional Insights

• Antrix Corporation Limited: Antrix Corporation Limited (ACL) is a wholly owned entity of the Government of India under the Department of Space.
• Role: ACL serves as the marketing arm of ISRO, focusing on promoting and commercially utilizing space products, providing technical consultancy services, and transferring technologies developed by ISRO.

Concept use:
Profit Percentage = (Profit / CP) × 100
Calculation:
Let's assume that the trader takes 2 kg, 4 kg, and 3 kg of the groundnuts costing Rs. 50, Rs. 20, and Rs. 30 per kg, respectively.
The total weight of the mixture is 2 + 4 + 3 = 9 kg.
The total cost of the mixture is (2 × 50) + (4 ×  20) + (3 × 30) = 100 + 80 + 90 = Rs. 270.
Therefore, the cost price per kilogram of the mixture (CP) is 270 / 9 = Rs. 30.
The selling price per kilogram of the mixture (SP) is given as Rs. 33.
The profit per kilogram (P) is calculated as SP - CP = 33 - 30 = Rs. 3.
The profit percentage is given by the formula:
Profit Percentage = (Profit / CP) × 100
Profit Percentage = (3 / 30) ×  100 = 10%
Hence, the trader makes a profit of 10%.

The Significance of Lahore Resolution

• Key Points:
  • The Lahore Resolution, also known as the Pakistan Resolution, was officially adopted by the All-India Muslim League during its three-day general session in Lahore from 22nd to 24th March 1940.
  • In line with the resolution, the Bihar branch of the Muslim League organized a conference in Chhapara on 13th and 14th April 1940.
  • On 19th April 1940, Pakistan Day was commemorated in various parts of Bihar by the Bihar branch of the Muslim League.

Details of the 10-Point Peace Plan Proposal

• The 10-Point Peace Plan has been in the news and was proposed by Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky during the G20 Summit in Bali, Indonesia.

Key Points of the 10-Point Peace Plan:

• Ukrainian President Zelensky listed 10 steps to achieve peace, which include:
  • Radiation and nuclear safety
  • Food security
  • Energy security
  • Release of all prisoners and deported persons
  • Implementation of the UN Charter and restoration of Ukraine’s territorial integrity and the world order
  • Withdrawal of Russian troops and cessation of hostilities
  • Restoration of justice
  • Countering ecocide (economic suppression)
  • Preventing escalation
  • Confirmation of the end of the war
• Russia rejected Zelensky's peace proposal and reiterated its stance of not giving up any territory taken by force, including the annexed portion of Ukraine.
• The G7 leaders expressed their commitment to bringing peace to Ukraine in alignment with its rights under the U.N. Charter.
• Russian President Vladimir Putin has been invited to attend both the G-20 and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summits in India.

The First Survey of Migrants Launched by Jharkhand

• Jharkhand launched the first survey of migrants.

In News

• The survey is to be conducted of 11,000 households in 24 districts.
• The purpose of it is to create a robust database of migrants and migration patterns in the state.
• The survey outputs will be used to create a state-level policy.
• The survey will gather information about incoming migrants, outgoing migrants, quality of life of migrants, understanding the mindset of migrants, etc.

Key Points

• Jharkhand:
  • Chief Minister - Hemant Soren.
  • Governor - C. P. Radhakrishnan.
  • Lok Sabha seats - 14.
  • Rajya Sabha seats - 6.
  • Registered GI - Sohrai-Khovar Painting
  • National Parks - Hazaribagh National Park, Palamau National Park and Betla National Park.

Additional Information

• Additional information about Jharkhand.