Bihar Specific (Role of Bihar in National Movement) - Software Development MCQ

The correct answer is Anugrah Narayan Sinha.​

Key Points 

• A branch of the Swaraj Dal was formed in Bihar in 1923 under Sri Krishna Singh. However, it was not very effective in Bihar.
• The boycott of the Simon Commission was led by Anugrah Narayan Sinha.
• Chhapra Jail Strike - as a protest against lathi charge on Rajendra Prasad and Abdul Bari.
• During the Civil Disobedience movement peasants of Bihar also refused to pay chaukidari tax.
• Swadeshi Committee was set up in Patna for organizing events.
• Satchidananda Sinha, Hasan Imam, Chandravati Devi, and Ramsunder Singh from Bihar were the important person during this movement.
• Bihar Satyagraha was carried out around the same time.

The correct answer is 1, 2 and 3.

Key Points

Khilafat-NonCooperation movement:

• The Treaty of Sevres signed with Turkey in May 1920 made it amply clear that the dismemberment of the Turkish Empire was complete.
• Indian Muslims were in anger due to the treatment meted out to Turkey by the British after the First World War.
• In early 1919, a Khilafat Committee was formed under the leadership of the Ali brothers (Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali), Maulana Azad, Ajmal Khan and Hasrat Mohani, to force the British Government to change its attitude to Turkey.
• The All India Khilafat Conference held in Delhi in November 1919 decided to withdraw all cooperation from the Government if their demands were not met.
• The Muslim League, now under the leadership of nationalists, gave full support to the National Congress and its agitation on political issues. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• Meanwhile, the Government had refused to annul the Rowlatt Act, make amends for the atrocities in Punjab, or satisfy the nationalist urge for self-governance.
• In June 1920, an all-party conference met at Allahabad and approved a program of a boycott of schools, colleges and law courts.
• The Khilafat Committee launched a non-cooperation movement on 1st August 1920. Gandhiji was the first to join and he returned the Kaiser-i-Hind medal awarded to him earlier for services during World War I in response to Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. Hence statement 2 is correct.
• Lokamanya Tilak passed away in the early hours of 1 August, and the day of mourning and of the launching of the movement merged as people all over the country observed hartal and took out processions.
• In December 1920, Congress met for its annual session at Nagpur. By then The programme of non-cooperation included within its ambit the surrender of titles and honours, boycott of government-affiliated schools and colleges, law courts, and foreign cloth.
• The goal of the Congress was changed from the attainment of self-government by constitutional and legal means to the attainment of Swaraj by peaceful and legitimate means.
• The years 1921 and 1922 were to witness an unprecedented movement of the Indian people.
• It was at this time that the Jamia Millia Islamia of Aligarh, the Bihar Vidyapith, the Kashi Vidyapith and the Gujarat Vidyapith came into existence. Hence statement 3 is correct.
• Hundreds of lawyers including CR Das, Motilal Nehru, and Rajendra Prasad gave up their legal practice.
• The Tilak Swarajya Fund was started to finance the non-cooperation movement.

The correct answer is Shri Krishna Singh.

Key Points

• Sri Krishna Singh was the first Chief Minister of Bihar.
• He is also known as Sri Babu and Bihar Kesari.
• He participated in the quit India Movement.
• He served as the first Chief Minister of Bihar from 1946 to 1961.
• He with Dr. Rajendra Prasad (First President of India) and Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha, is respected as one of the best architects of modern Bihar.
• He also served as the Finance Minister of Bihar (1957-1961) while dispensing his duties as the Chief Minister.

Important Points 

• Krishna Singh is credited to be the first Chief Minister in India to have ended the 'Zamindari' system.
• He led the Dalit entry into Baidyanath Dham temple, Deoghar.
• He was a Gandhian freedom fighter.

• The Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha (BPKS) was first conceived in late 1929 in a meeting at Sonepur Mela in Saran district, Bihar.
• A reaction to persistent problems within Indian agriculture that were catapulted further by the 1929 Great Depression, the BPKS was spearheaded by leaders like Swami Sahajanand Saraswati, Jadunandan Sharma, Karyanand Sharma, and others. 
• Several issues of the peasantry were redressed across districts like Gaya, Monghyr, Darbhanga, and others.
• The Kisan Sabha movements that began in Bihar, created the fertile ground for the formation of the All India Kisan Sabha in 1936.
• While their long-term aims like zamindari abolition, ‘land to the tiller’ or land revenue abolition did not fructify, the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha created the foundation for zamindari abolition and several other land reforms in Bihar in the decades to come.

The correct answer is 2 and 3 only.

Key Points

• Government of India Act, 1935:
  • Viceroy of India: Wellington.
  • ​In August 1935, the Government of India Act 1935 was passed by the British Parliament.
  • It also included the Government of Burma Act 1935.
    • It separated Burma from India.
  • It comprised 14 parts, 321 sections & 10 Schedules.
  • Features of the Act:
    • Establishment of the Indian Union.
    • It prescribed a federation, taking the provinces & Indian states as a unit.
      • The joining of princely states was voluntary, because of which no federation came into existence.
    • Autonomy to Provinces was granted.
      • ​Hence, statement 2 is correct.
    • Dyarchy in Centre was introduced.
    • Separation of subjects into Union, state & Residuary list was carried out.
    • Right to frame laws granted to both Centre & provinces.
      • ​Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
    • Federal Judiciary was established in Delhi.
      • It was set up in 1937.
    • Establishment of Reserve bank of India to control the currency & economy of the country.
    • Orissa & Bihar were made separate entities.
      • It was carried out on 1st April 1936.
      • Hence, statement 3 is correct
    • It introduced a bicameral legislature in six out of eleven provinces.

The correct answer is option 1, i.e. Shri Krishna Singh.

• Sri Krishna Singh established a branch of the Swaraj Dal in Bihar.
• The Swaraj Dal was formed in India by Motilal Nehru and Chitranjan Das.
• It was formed in 1923.
• First chairman of this Dal was Narayan prasad.
• The first secretary was Abdul Bari.

The correct answer is 

Key Points

• Upendra Narayan Jha “Azad” and Prafulla Chaki were active revolutionaries of Bihar in the Indian freedom struggle.
• Bihar state had given famous Freedom Fighter like :
  • Swami Shahjanand Saraswati
  • Sahaheed Baikuntha Shukla
  • Biahr Bibhuti  Anurag Narayan Singh
  • Maulana Mazhar-Ul-Haq
  • Loknayak Jaiparakash Narayan
  • Bhadra Yajee, Pandit Yamuna Karjee
  • Dr Maghfoor Ahmed Ajani

• Additional Information

• Government of India Act, 1935 came with constitutional remedies and provincial autonomy in the state as well as dual administration in the centre that resulted in many constructive works.
• On 20th July, Congress Cabinet was formed by Sri Krishna Singh.
• Sri Ramdayalu Singh and Prof. Abdul Bari were the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Council respectively.

The correct answer is Chhapra.

Key Points

• Rahul Sankrityayan was active in the Chhapra district of Bihar in the Non-cooperation Movement of 1920.
• His original name was Kedar Nath Pandey.
• Local leaders like Rahul Sankrityayan and Nagnarayan spread the message of Non-cooperation in Chhapra, Bihar.
• Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan who is also called the Father of Hindi Travel literature was one of the most widely traveled scholars of India.
• He spent forty-five years of his life on travels away from his home.
• He became a Buddhist monk and eventually took up Marxist Socialism.
• He was also an Indian Nationalist, having been arrested and jailed for six months for creating Anti-British writings and speeches.

Additional Information

• In 1920–22, the Non-cooperation movement organized by Mahatma Gandhi, induce the British government of India to grant self-government, or swaraj, to India.
• It was one of Gandhi Ji's first organized acts of large-scale civil disobedience (satyagraha).
• The movement arose from the widespread outcry in India over the massacre at Amritsar in April 1919, when the British-led troops killed several hundred Indians.
• Gandhi strengthened the movement by supporting (on nonviolent terms) the contemporaneous Muslim campaign against the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire after World War I.

The correct answer is Was the epitome of Dharma.

Key Points

• "Epitome of Dharma" was one of the popular beliefs in Bihar during the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1920-22.
• The non-cooperation movement was started by M.K. Gandhi in the backdrop of the Jalliawalan Bag Massacre, Khilafat Movement, and the Rowlatt Act.
• In August 1920, the Bihar Congress meets under the presidentship of Dr. Rajendra Prasad and passed the Non-Cooperation resolution which was introduced by Dharnidhar Prasad and Shah Mohammad Zubair.

Important Points

• Dr. Rajendra Prasad constituted the committee on the movement with Shah Mohammad Zubair and Mazhar-ul-Haq.
• M.K. Gandhi inaugurated ‘Bihar National College’ and its building ‘Bihar Vidhyapeeth’ in February 1922.
• Mazhar-ul-Haq started the newspaper i.e. Motherland in September 1921 to disseminate the Hindu-Muslim Unity and Gandhian Ideology.

The correct answer is Chowkidari.

• Since Bihar is a landlocked area, so here Salt Satyagraha was not possible.

• Here the people organized a movement by refusing to pay the chowkidari tax.

• The demand was made for the resignation of chowkidars and members of panchayats who had the responsibility to appoint these chowkidars.

• The anti chowkidari tax campaign was successful in areas of Bhagalpur, Monghyr, and Saran.

Additional Information

• Chowkidari tax:-
  • It was a kind of tax that was collected from farmers in the period of 1907.
  • The Secretary of the state collected the tax from farmers for the compensation of village watchmen (kind of police), so it affected the poor farmers.
  • In 1930 ,the farmers refused to pay this tax during the civil disobedience movement.