CMAT Mock Test - 6 (New Pattern)

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

All the material composing the content of a dream is somehow derived from the experience. It is either reproduced or remembered in the dream – this at least may be accepted as an incontestable fact. Yet, it would be wrong to assume that such a connection between the dream-content and reality will be easily obvious from a comparison between the two. On the contrary, the connection must be carefully sought and in quite a number of cases, it may for a long while elude discovery. The reason for this is to be found in a number of peculiarities evinced by the faculty of memory in dreams. Peculiarities which, though generally observed, have hitherto defied explanation. It will be worth our while to examine these characteristics exhaustively. To begin with, it happens that certain material appears in the dream, content which cannot be subsequently recognised, in the waking state as being part of one's knowledge and experience. One remembers clearly enough having dreamed of the thing in question but one cannot recall the actual experience or the time of its occurrence. The dreamer is therefore in the dark as to the source which the dream has tapped and is even tempted to believe in an independent productive activity on the part of the dream, until, often long afterwards, a fresh episode restores the memory of that former experience, which had been given up for lost and so, reveals the source of the dream. One is therefore forced to admit that in the dream, something was known and remembered and that cannot be remembered in the waking state. One of the sources from which dreams draw material for reproduction, material of which some part is not recalled or utilised in our waking thoughts, is to be found in childhood.

Q. Which of the following is true about the contents of a dream?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

All the material composing the content of a dream is somehow derived from the experience. It is either reproduced or remembered in the dream – this at least may be accepted as an incontestable fact. Yet, it would be wrong to assume that such a connection between the dream-content and reality will be easily obvious from a comparison between the two. On the contrary, the connection must be carefully sought and in quite a number of cases, it may for a long while elude discovery. The reason for this is to be found in a number of peculiarities evinced by the faculty of memory in dreams. Peculiarities which, though generally observed, have hitherto defied explanation. It will be worth our while to examine these characteristics exhaustively. To begin with, it happens that certain material appears in the dream, content which cannot be subsequently recognised, in the waking state as being part of one's knowledge and experience. One remembers clearly enough having dreamed of the thing in question but one cannot recall the actual experience or the time of its occurrence. The dreamer is therefore in the dark as to the source which the dream has tapped and is even tempted to believe in an independent productive activity on the part of the dream, until, often long afterwards, a fresh episode restores the memory of that former experience, which had been given up for lost and so, reveals the source of the dream. One is therefore forced to admit that in the dream, something was known and remembered and that cannot be remembered in the waking state. One of the sources from which dreams draw material for reproduction, material of which some part is not recalled or utilised in our waking thoughts, is to be found in childhood.

Q. The dreamer can

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

All the material composing the content of a dream is somehow derived from the experience. It is either reproduced or remembered in the dream – this at least may be accepted as an incontestable fact. Yet, it would be wrong to assume that such a connection between the dream-content and reality will be easily obvious from a comparison between the two. On the contrary, the connection must be carefully sought and in quite a number of cases, it may for a long while elude discovery. The reason for this is to be found in a number of peculiarities evinced by the faculty of memory in dreams. Peculiarities which, though generally observed, have hitherto defied explanation. It will be worth our while to examine these characteristics exhaustively. To begin with, it happens that certain material appears in the dream, content which cannot be subsequently recognised, in the waking state as being part of one's knowledge and experience. One remembers clearly enough having dreamed of the thing in question but one cannot recall the actual experience or the time of its occurrence. The dreamer is therefore in the dark as to the source which the dream has tapped and is even tempted to believe in an independent productive activity on the part of the dream, until, often long afterwards, a fresh episode restores the memory of that former experience, which had been given up for lost and so, reveals the source of the dream. One is therefore forced to admit that in the dream, something was known and remembered and that cannot be remembered in the waking state. One of the sources from which dreams draw material for reproduction, material of which some part is not recalled or utilised in our waking thoughts, is to be found in childhood.

Q. The connection between the dream-content and reality

Directions: In the following question, a sentence/a part of a sentence is underlined. Below are given alternatives to the underlined part, which may improve the sentence. Choose the correct alternative. In case no improvement is required, choose 'No Improvement' option.

Having run there and here in rage, he stood defeated, his cries suppressed into sobs.

Directions: Select the appropriate choice that fills the blank(s) in the sentence in the most meaningful manner.

He _________ himself never about consequences, about interests; he gives an independent, genuine verdict.

Directions: The given sentence may contain only one error in grammar usage, diction (choice of words) or idiom. Select the numbered part that, according to you, contains the error. If there is no error, the answer is (D), i.e. No error.

The library members were asked (A)/ to return back the books (B)/ to the library. (C)/ No error (D)

Directions: In the following question, a sentence/a part of a sentence is underlined. Below are given alternatives to the underlined part, which may improve the sentence. Choose the correct alternative. In case no improvement is required, choose 'No Improvement' option.

One night they sank through the shiny water, and for the first time since he has known them, began to quickly swim.

Directions: Read the passage carefully and select the best answer out of the given four alternatives.

The first thing is that the rich people of the world should start living in communes. Let those communes be of the rich! So they will not be dragged down from their standard of life, their comforts, and their luxuries. Let there be, around the world, hundreds of communes of rich people – that is, rich communes.

And to me, wealth is a certain kind of creativity. If five thousand rich people who have all created wealth individually are together, they can create wealth a millionfold.

Their standard will not go lower; their standard could go even higher. Or they can start sharing. They can start inviting people who are not rich but who are creative in some other way, who will enhance the life of their commune although they may be poor.

Five thousand rich people, together with their genius for creating wealth, are capable of creating so much wealth that they can invite thousands of other people who may not be rich in the sense of being wealthy, but who may be rich as painters, poets, dancers, singers.

What are you going to do only with wealth? You cannot play music on money; you cannot dance just because you have so much cash in the bank. And these rich communes can start becoming bigger, absorbing more and more creative people. They can make beautiful places all around the world, and slowly, new people can be absorbed.

For example, you will need plumbers, however rich you may be; you will need mechanics; technicians; you will need shoemakers. Invite them – and they come to you not as servants, but as members of the commune. Slowly, we can transform the whole world – without any bloodshed and without any dictatorship.

A communism that comes out of love, out of intelligence, out of generosity, will be real. A communism that comes through force is going to be unreal. There is not a single man in the world, howsoever poor, who has nothing to contribute. Around the world all the rich communes will need people; and slowly, slowly your commune will become bigger and bigger.

The rich will not become poor, but the poor will become rich, and respectable, and equal – in no way inferior to anybody else – because they are also functioning in the same way as anybody else. And whatever they are doing is needed as much as anybody else's expertise is needed.

Q. According to the passage, what is an advantage of rich people living in communes?

Directions: Read the passage carefully and select the best answer out of the given four alternatives.

The first thing is that the rich people of the world should start living in communes. Let those communes be of the rich! So they will not be dragged down from their standard of life, their comforts, and their luxuries. Let there be, around the world, hundreds of communes of rich people – that is, rich communes.

And to me, wealth is a certain kind of creativity. If five thousand rich people who have all created wealth individually are together, they can create wealth a millionfold.

Their standard will not go lower; their standard could go even higher. Or they can start sharing. They can start inviting people who are not rich but who are creative in some other way, who will enhance the life of their commune although they may be poor.

Five thousand rich people, together with their genius for creating wealth, are capable of creating so much wealth that they can invite thousands of other people who may not be rich in the sense of being wealthy, but who may be rich as painters, poets, dancers, singers.

What are you going to do only with wealth? You cannot play music on money; you cannot dance just because you have so much cash in the bank. And these rich communes can start becoming bigger, absorbing more and more creative people. They can make beautiful places all around the world, and slowly, new people can be absorbed.

For example, you will need plumbers, however rich you may be; you will need mechanics; technicians; you will need shoemakers. Invite them – and they come to you not as servants, but as members of the commune. Slowly, we can transform the whole world – without any bloodshed and without any dictatorship.

A communism that comes out of love, out of intelligence, out of generosity, will be real. A communism that comes through force is going to be unreal. There is not a single man in the world, howsoever poor, who has nothing to contribute. Around the world all the rich communes will need people; and slowly, slowly your commune will become bigger and bigger.

The rich will not become poor, but the poor will become rich, respectable, and equal – in no way inferior to anybody else – because they are also functioning in the same way as anybody else. And whatever they are doing is needed as much as anybody else's expertise is needed.

Q. Who all have something to contribute towards the making of the communes?

Directions: Read the passage carefully and select the best answer out of the given four alternatives.

The first thing is that the rich people of the world should start living in communes. Let those communes be of the rich! So they will not be dragged down from their standard of life, their comforts, and their luxuries. Let there be, around the world, hundreds of communes of rich people – that is, rich communes.

And to me, wealth is a certain kind of creativity. If five thousand rich people who have all created wealth individually are together, they can create wealth a millionfold.

Their standard will not go lower; their standard could go even higher. Or they can start sharing. They can start inviting people who are not rich but who are creative in some other way, who will enhance the life of their commune although they may be poor.

Five thousand rich people, together with their genius for creating wealth, are capable of creating so much wealth that they can invite thousands of other people who may not be rich in the sense of being wealthy, but who may be rich as painters, poets, dancers, singers.

What are you going to do only with wealth? You cannot play music on money; you cannot dance just because you have so much cash in the bank. And these rich communes can start becoming bigger, absorbing more and more creative people. They can make beautiful places all around the world, and slowly, new people can be absorbed.

For example, you will need plumbers, however rich you may be; you will need mechanics; technicians; you will need shoemakers. Invite them – and they come to you not as servants, but as members of the commune. Slowly, we can transform the whole world – without any bloodshed and without any dictatorship.

A communism that comes out of love, out of intelligence, out of generosity, will be real. A communism that comes through force is going to be unreal. There is not a single man in the world, however poor, who has nothing to contribute. Around the world all the rich communes will need people; and slowly, slowly your commune will become bigger and bigger.

The rich will not become poor, but the poor will become rich, respectable, and equal – in no way inferior to anybody else – because they are also functioning in the same way as anybody else. And whatever they are doing is needed as much as anybody else's expertise is needed.

Q. According to the passage, what kind of communism would we prefer?

Directions: The sentence has two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the set of words for the blanks which best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.

I ______ a friend named Raj who ________ a horse ranch which lies just outside the city.

Directions: In the following question, out of the four alternatives, select the alternative which is the best substitute of the phrase.

One who changes sides

Directions: Find the correct word to represent the phrase given below.

A disease peculiar to country

Directions: Fill the gap with the most appropriate word from the options given below.

Alice pulled a _______ face when she was told that she could not go to the cinema.

Directions: The given sentence may contain only one error in grammar usage, diction (choice of words) or idiom. Select the numbered part that, according to you, contains the error. If there is no error, the answer is (D), i.e. No error.

Neither the girl nor her parents (A)/ was present (B)/ to receive the award. (C)/ No error (D)

Directions: Four alternatives are given for the idiom/phrase underlined in the sentence. Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the idiom/phrase.

When he asked me the way to the cafeteria, I told him to follow his nose.

Directions: Fill the gap with the most appropriate word from the options given below.

John had _______ such heavy debts that nothing short of a miracle could save him from bankruptcy.

Find the least number of oranges needed to satisfy the thirst of 23 football players if one glass of juice requires 5 oranges and each player drinks 2 glasses of juice.

A candidate is to be selected for an interview for two posts. The number of candidates for the first post is 5 and that for the second post is 6. Find the probability of getting at least one job.

A square tile has a side of 2 m. What is the number of tiles required to cover the floor of a room with dimensions 16 m x 3 m?

In ΔABC, AB = AC. If P is a point taken on the side AB such that AP = PC = CB, then the measure of angle A is

Which of the following expressions is the largest?

(4⁴), 444, 44⁴, (4²)^-4

Which of the following statements regarding quadratic equations is/are true?

(A) The quadratic equation 2x² + ax + a = 0 has real and equal roots and the values of a are 0 and 8.

(B) The sum and the product of the roots of the equation x² - 5x + 6 = 0 are 5 and 6, respectively.

(C) The roots 2 and - 1/2 form the equation 2x² - 3x - 2 = 0.

Two clocks begin to strike together. The first clock strikes every 3 seconds, while the second clock strikes every 2 seconds. What is the interval between the first clock's fifth stroke and the second clock's seventh stroke?

If the 4th term and 8th term of a GP respectively are 32 and 512, find out the 9th term of the GP.

If 3 - 3 cos A - 2 sin² A = 0, then the measure of angle A is

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the given question.

The number of products produced by different companies and the percentage of the three products produced by those companies are given below:

Q. The total number of cosmetics produced by company A and C is approximately what percent of the total number of products produced by the various companies together?

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the given question.

The number of products produced by different companies and the percentage of the three products produced by those companies are given below:

Q. The number of clothes produced by company C forms what percent of the number of clothes produced by company F?

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the given question.

The number of products produced by different companies and the percentage of the three products produced by those companies are given below:

Q. What is the approximate total number of clothes produced by companies B and D together?

After travelling a certain distance, a train develops a snag and its speed is decreased to half of its original speed and thus, it reaches its destination 45 minutes late. Had the snag occurred 30 km further, it would have reached its destination 15 minutes earlier. What is the speed of the train?

The marked price of an article is 40% above the cost price. The discount that may be allowed to make a profit of 12% is

Given below are the two statements:

Statement I: Six positive integers add up to a total of less than 30. This set's smallest possible median is 1.

Statement II: If 8k² + 4k = 4 and k > 0, then k must be equal to 1/4.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.

What will come in place of the question mark?

? = 39 + 4 × 6 × 24 ÷ 2 + 64 ÷ 2 × 91

In an election between two candidates, Mr. Hero secures 45% of the total votes, but is defeated by Mr. Zero by 300 votes. Find out the total number of votes polled, if it is known that all the votes polled are valid.

A and B start a partnership business with capitals of Rs. 16,000 and Rs. 20,000. At the end of the 1 year and 6 months, they introduce C, who invests Rs. 12,000. At the end of 3 years, they got a profit of Rs. 12,600. Find the share of C in the profit.

The average price of three furniture items is Rs. 15,000. If their prices are in the ratio 3 : 5 : 7, then the price of the cheapest item is

A man borrows a sum of money at simple interest at the rate of 5% per annum and lends it out at 4% per annum compound interest, payable yearly. Find his net gain or loss at the end of 2 years as a percentage of sum borrowed by him.

Find the next term in the given series:

25, 52, 38, 83, 51, 15, 126, ___

A is to the south of B, who is to the east of C. E is to the east of D, who is to the north of C. What is the direction of D with respect to A?

Find the odd one out.

Directions: In this question, the second figure of the problem figures bears a certain relationship to the first figure. Similarly, one of the figures in the answer figures bears the same relationship to the third figure. You have to select the figure from the set of answer figures which would replace the sign of question mark (?).

Question Figures

Answer Figures

Directions: In the following question, a number series is given with one term missing. Choose the correct alternative that will continue the same pattern and replace the question mark in the given series.

7, 65, 215, 513, 999, ?

Find the odd one out.

Directions: Read the following information carefully and answer the given question.

i. Six persons A, B, C, D, E and F are sitting in two rows, friends among the persons sitting in same row, facing each other.

ii. E is not at the end of any row.

iii. D is second to the left of F.

iv. A, the friend of E and is sitting diagonally opposite to D.

v. B is the friend of F.

Q. Which of the following are sitting diagonally opposite to each other?

Pointing to a man in a photograph, a woman says, 'His brother's father is the only son of my grandfather.' How is the woman related to the man in the photograph?

Directions: In making decisions about an important question, it is desirable to be able to distinguish between 'strong' arguments and 'weak' arguments. 'Strong' arguments are those which are both important and directly related to the question. 'Weak' arguments are those which are of minor importance and also may not be directly related to the question or may be related to a trivial aspect of the question.

The question below is followed by two arguments numbered I and II. You have to decide which of the arguments is a 'strong' argument and which is a 'weak' argument, and mark your answer accordingly.

Should there be a common syllabus for a particular degree course in all the universities across India?

Arguments:

I. Yes, this will bring in uniformity in the degrees offered by various universities in India.

II. No, this is just not practicable and there is no need for this.

In a cricket team, batsmen Ricky, Sachin and Brian are the top three run-scorers in any order. Each of them gives two replies to any question, one of which is true and the other is false, in any order. Following were the replies they gave when it was asked that who was the top scorer.

Sachin: I got the top score. Ricky was second.

Brian: I got the top score. Sachin was second.

Ricky: I got the top score. Sachin was third.

Which of the following is the correct order of batsmen who got the top score, second best and third best score, respectively?

A cube is painted red on all its faces and then cut into 64 identical smaller cubes. How many of these smaller cubes have exactly two faces painted red?

In a certain code, “alpha beta gamma” means “He gives chocolates”, “theta delta gamma” means “Harry gets chocolates” and “alpha delta phi” means “He gets nothing”. What is the code for “nothing”?

Directions: This problem consists of four 'Question Figures' followed by four 'Answer Figures' (a, b, c and d). Select the Answer Figure which continues the same pattern as established by the Question Figures.

Question Figures

Answer Figures

Directions: Read the following information carefully and answer the question given below it.

All the six members of a family, namely P, Q, R, S, T and U, are traveling together. Q is the son of R, but R is not the mother of Q. P and R are a married couple. T is the brother of R. S is the daughter of P. U is the brother of Q.

Q. How many male members are there in the family?

Directions: In the following question, a number series is given with one term missing. Choose the correct alternative that will continue the same pattern and replace the question mark in the given series.

40, 34, 29, 25, 22, ?

In a certain code language, '123' means 'bright little boy', '145' means 'tall big boy' and '637' means 'beautiful little flower'.

Which digit in this code language means 'bright'?

A man is facing west. He turns 45 degrees in the clockwise direction and then another 180 degrees in the same direction and then 270 degrees in the anticlockwise direction. Which direction is he facing now?

Directions: Below are given statements followed by some conclusions. You have to take the given statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance with the commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the given statements.

Statement: Domestic demand has been increasing faster than the production of indigenous crude oil.

Conclusions:

I. Crude oil must be imported.

II. Domestic demand must be reduced.

Directions: A statement is given, followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions to decide which of the given assumptions is/are implicit in the statement.

Statement: The Union Government has decided to withdraw existing tax relief on various small savings schemes in a phased manner to augment its tax collection.

Assumptions:

I. People may still continue to keep money in small savings schemes and also pay taxes.

II. The total tax collection may increase substantially.

All German philosophers, except for Marx, are idealists.

Which of the following can most properly infer the statement above?

Which of the following duties have been included by Austin in the category of 'absolute duties'?

A. Duties owed to persons indefinitely

B. Self-regarding duties

C. Duties owed to the sovereign

D. Duties owed to parents

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

The Earth Summit was held on

Which one of the following options best describes the term carbon footprint?

A carbon footprint is the total greenhouse gas emissions

When a ray of light enters from a denser medium to a rarer medium, it

Which ministry has launched ASEEM portal in 2021, with the objective to provide a platform that matches supply of skilled workforce with the market demand?

What is microfinance?

What was India's rank in the Henley Passport Index for the year 2022, released in January 2022?

In India, judicial review is done by the Constitutional Courts. From which of the following countries is this concept borrowed/influenced?

(A) USA

(B) France

(C) Australia

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Which of the following agencies/organisations is not related to UNO?

Sultan of Johor Cup is a tournament of which sport?

Match the products with the companies that manufacture them.

The communication of an acceptance is complete as against the proposer

Which of the following statements is/are true?

1. There is no rule to determine when usage shall give rise to a custom.

2. Customary rules of international law are diminishing and are being replaced by treaties and conventions.

3. Treaty contracts are not direct source of international law.

4. International law is a positive morality.

For the first time since 1931, which car maker lost the crown of top-selling automaker in the US in 2021, as per reports released in 2022?

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) committed to provide:

(a) Universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services

(b) Improving the share of renewable energy

(c) Doubling of energy efficiency by 2030

(d) Protection of ocean and wetland

Select the correct answer using the options given below:

Where is the Duncan Passage located?

A new technology which provides the ability to create an artificial world and have people interact with it is called

''The Origin of Species'' was written by:

What was the theme of National Youth Day 2022 celebrated on January 12?

'Red Tape' in an economy refers to

Consider the following statements and mark the correct option.

Assertion (A): Business opportunity is an attractive project which motivates the entrepreneur to accept the project for making investment decision.

Reason (R): A business possibility may take the shape of business opportunity only when it improves social endowments.

Which programme was launched in 2015 by NITI Ayog to support all characteristics of startup businesses and other self-employment activities?

A company engaged in alcohol manufacturing merged with a cigarette manufacturing firm. What type of a merger is this?

Which of the following is not a method of environment scanning?

Which is the last and the utmost important phase in developing effective business plans?

Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A), and the other labelled as Reason (R). State the correct answer from codes given below.

Assertion (A): Pure-click companies can be search engines, Internet service providers, commerce sites, transaction sites, content sites and enabler sites.

Reason (R): Pure-click companies are those companies that have launched a website without any previous existence as a firm.

What is the name given to the usual tendency among us to make normal use of certain household articles, but to avoid putting them to a novel or a different use?

Why do some dominant firms in an industry use a fast-second strategy?

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the question.

Many companies have made great strides in collecting and utilising data from their own activities. So far, though, comparatively few have realised the full potential of linking internal data with data provided by third parties, vendors, or public data sources. Overlooking such external data is a missed opportunity. Although external-data sources offer immense potential, they also present several practical challenges. To start, simply gaining a basic understanding of what's available requires considerable effort, given that the external-data environment is fragmented and expanding quickly. Analysing the quality and economic value of data products also can be difficult. Moreover, efficient usage and operationalisation of external data may require updates to the organisation's existing data environment. Companies also need to remain cognisant of privacy concerns and consumer scrutiny when they use some types of external data.

These challenges are considerable but surmountable. Companies across industries have begun successfully using external data from a variety of sources. The investment community is a pioneer in this space. To predict outcomes and generate investment returns, analysts and data scientists in investment firms have gathered "alternative data" from a variety of licensed and public data sources, many of which draw from the "digital exhaust" of a growing number of technology companies and the public web. There are a number of steps that a company must take to use external data. To get started, organisations should establish a dedicated data-sourcing team. While online searches may appear to be an easy way for data-sourcing teams to find individual data sets, that approach is not necessarily the most effective. It generally leads to a series of time-consuming vendor-by-vendor discussions and negotiations.

A more effective strategy involves using data marketplace and aggregation platforms that specialise in building relationships with hundreds of data sources, often in specific data domains—for example, consumer, real-estate, government, or company data. These relationships can give organisations ready access to the broader data ecosystem. Once the team has identified a potential data set, the team's data engineers should work directly with business stakeholders and data scientists to evaluate the data and determine the degree to which the data will improve business outcomes. To do so, data teams establish evaluation criteria, assessing data across a variety of factors to determine whether the data set has the necessary characteristics for delivering valuable insights.

Data assessments should include an examination of quality indicators, such as fill rates, coverage, bias, and profiling metrics, within the context of the use case. For example, a transaction's data provider may claim to have hundreds of millions of transactions that help illuminate consumer trends. However, if the data include only transactions made by millennial consumers, the data set will not be useful to a company seeking to understand broader, generation-agnostic consumer trends. Modifications should be designed to ensure that the data architecture is flexible enough to support the integration of a continuous "conveyor belt" of incoming data from a variety of data sources. The final step is ensuring an appropriate and consistent level of quality by constantly monitoring the data used.

Q. Consider the following statements and find out which of these is/are correct.

A. Existing staff is capable of sourcing external data at lower costs.

B. The concept of acquiring external data was first used in the financial sector to calculate returns.

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the question.

Many companies have made great strides in collecting and utilising data from their own activities. So far, though, comparatively few have realised the full potential of linking internal data with data provided by third parties, vendors, or public data sources. Overlooking such external data is a missed opportunity. Although external-data sources offer immense potential, they also present several practical challenges. To start, simply gaining a basic understanding of what's available requires considerable effort, given that the external-data environment is fragmented and expanding quickly. Analysing the quality and economic value of data products also can be difficult. Moreover, efficient usage and operationalisation of external data may require updates to the organisation's existing data environment. Companies also need to remain cognisant of privacy concerns and consumer scrutiny when they use some types of external data.

These challenges are considerable but surmountable. Companies across industries have begun successfully using external data from a variety of sources. The investment community is a pioneer in this space. To predict outcomes and generate investment returns, analysts and data scientists in investment firms have gathered "alternative data" from a variety of licensed and public data sources, many of which draw from the "digital exhaust" of a growing number of technology companies and the public web. There are a number of steps that a company must take to use external data. To get started, organisations should establish a dedicated data-sourcing team. While online searches may appear to be an easy way for data-sourcing teams to find individual data sets, that approach is not necessarily the most effective. It generally leads to a series of time-consuming vendor-by-vendor discussions and negotiations.

A more effective strategy involves using data marketplace and aggregation platforms that specialise in building relationships with hundreds of data sources, often in specific data domains—for example, consumer, real-estate, government, or company data. These relationships can give organisations ready access to the broader data ecosystem. Once the team has identified a potential data set, the team's data engineers should work directly with business stakeholders and data scientists to evaluate the data and determine the degree to which the data will improve business outcomes. To do so, data teams establish evaluation criteria, assessing data across a variety of factors to determine whether the data set has the necessary characteristics for delivering valuable insights.

Data assessments should include an examination of quality indicators, such as fill rates, coverage, bias, and profiling metrics, within the context of the use case. For example, a transaction's data provider may claim to have hundreds of millions of transactions that help illuminate consumer trends. However, if the data include only transactions made by millennial consumers, the data set will not be useful to a company seeking to understand broader, generation-agnostic consumer trends. Modifications should be designed to ensure that the data architecture is flexible enough to support the integration of a continuous "conveyor belt" of incoming data from a variety of data sources. The final step is ensuring an appropriate and consistent level of quality by constantly monitoring the data used.

Q. Which of the following best describes the term 'external data' in context of the passage?

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the question.

Many companies have made great strides in collecting and utilising data from their own activities. So far, though, comparatively few have realised the full potential of linking internal data with data provided by third parties, vendors, or public data sources. Overlooking such external data is a missed opportunity. Although external-data sources offer immense potential, they also present several practical challenges. To start, simply gaining a basic understanding of what's available requires considerable effort, given that the external-data environment is fragmented and expanding quickly. Analysing the quality and economic value of data products also can be difficult. Moreover, efficient usage and operationalisation of external data may require updates to the organisation's existing data environment. Companies also need to remain cognisant of privacy concerns and consumer scrutiny when they use some types of external data.

These challenges are considerable but surmountable. Companies across industries have begun successfully using external data from a variety of sources. The investment community is a pioneer in this space. To predict outcomes and generate investment returns, analysts and data scientists in investment firms have gathered "alternative data" from a variety of licensed and public data sources, many of which draw from the "digital exhaust" of a growing number of technology companies and the public web. There are a number of steps that a company must take to use external data. To get started, organisations should establish a dedicated data-sourcing team. While online searches may appear to be an easy way for data-sourcing teams to find individual data sets, that approach is not necessarily the most effective. It generally leads to a series of time-consuming vendor-by-vendor discussions and negotiations.

A more effective strategy involves using data marketplace and aggregation platforms that specialise in building relationships with hundreds of data sources, often in specific data domains—for example, consumer, real-estate, government, or company data. These relationships can give organisations ready access to the broader data ecosystem. Once the team has identified a potential data set, the team's data engineers should work directly with business stakeholders and data scientists to evaluate the data and determine the degree to which the data will improve business outcomes. To do so, data teams establish evaluation criteria, assessing data across a variety of factors to determine whether the data set has the necessary characteristics for delivering valuable insights.

Data assessments should include an examination of quality indicators, such as fill rates, coverage, bias, and profiling metrics, within the context of the use case. For example, a transaction's data provider may claim to have hundreds of millions of transactions that help illuminate consumer trends. However, if the data include only transactions made by millennial consumers, the data set will not be useful to a company seeking to understand broader, generation-agnostic consumer trends. Modifications should be designed to ensure that the data architecture is flexible enough to support the integration of a continuous "conveyor belt" of incoming data from a variety of data sources. The final step is ensuring an appropriate and consistent level of quality by constantly monitoring the data used.

Q. Which of the following correctly highlights the purpose of the phrase 'conveyor belt' mentioned in the last paragraph?

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the question.

Many companies have made great strides in collecting and utilising data from their own activities. So far, though, comparatively few have realised the full potential of linking internal data with data provided by third parties, vendors, or public data sources. Overlooking such external data is a missed opportunity. Although external-data sources offer immense potential, they also present several practical challenges. To start, simply gaining a basic understanding of what's available requires considerable effort, given that the external-data environment is fragmented and expanding quickly. Analysing the quality and economic value of data products also can be difficult. Moreover, efficient usage and operationalisation of external data may require updates to the organisation's existing data environment. Companies also need to remain cognisant of privacy concerns and consumer scrutiny when they use some types of external data.

These challenges are considerable but surmountable. Companies across industries have begun successfully using external data from a variety of sources. The investment community is a pioneer in this space. To predict outcomes and generate investment returns, analysts and data scientists in investment firms have gathered "alternative data" from a variety of licensed and public data sources, many of which draw from the "digital exhaust" of a growing number of technology companies and the public web. There are a number of steps that a company must take to use external data. To get started, organisations should establish a dedicated data-sourcing team. While online searches may appear to be an easy way for data-sourcing teams to find individual data sets, that approach is not necessarily the most effective. It generally leads to a series of time-consuming vendor-by-vendor discussions and negotiations.

A more effective strategy involves using data marketplace and aggregation platforms that specialise in building relationships with hundreds of data sources, often in specific data domains—for example, consumer, real-estate, government, or company data. These relationships can give organisations ready access to the broader data ecosystem. Once the team has identified a potential data set, the team's data engineers should work directly with business stakeholders and data scientists to evaluate the data and determine the degree to which the data will improve business outcomes. To do so, data teams establish evaluation criteria, assessing data across a variety of factors to determine whether the data set has the necessary characteristics for delivering valuable insights.

Data assessments should include an examination of quality indicators, such as fill rates, coverage, bias, and profiling metrics, within the context of the use case. For example, a transaction's data provider may claim to have hundreds of millions of transactions that help illuminate consumer trends. However, if the data include only transactions made by millennial consumers, the data set will not be useful to a company seeking to understand broader, generation-agnostic consumer trends. Modifications should be designed to ensure that the data architecture is flexible enough to support the integration of a continuous "conveyor belt" of incoming data from a variety of data sources. The final step is ensuring an appropriate and consistent level of quality by constantly monitoring the data used.

Q. Each of the following statements is TRUE in context of the passage, EXCEPT:

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the question.

Many companies have made great strides in collecting and utilising data from their own activities. So far, though, comparatively few have realised the full potential of linking internal data with data provided by third parties, vendors, or public data sources. Overlooking such external data is a missed opportunity. Although external-data sources offer immense potential, they also present several practical challenges. To start, simply gaining a basic understanding of what's available requires considerable effort, given that the external-data environment is fragmented and expanding quickly. Analysing the quality and economic value of data products also can be difficult. Moreover, efficient usage and operationalisation of external data may require updates to the organisation's existing data environment. Companies also need to remain cognisant of privacy concerns and consumer scrutiny when they use some types of external data.

These challenges are considerable but surmountable. Companies across industries have begun successfully using external data from a variety of sources. The investment community is a pioneer in this space. To predict outcomes and generate investment returns, analysts and data scientists in investment firms have gathered "alternative data" from a variety of licensed and public data sources, many of which draw from the "digital exhaust" of a growing number of technology companies and the public web. There are a number of steps that a company must take to use external data. To get started, organisations should establish a dedicated data-sourcing team. While online searches may appear to be an easy way for data-sourcing teams to find individual data sets, that approach is not necessarily the most effective. It generally leads to a series of time-consuming vendor-by-vendor discussions and negotiations.

A more effective strategy involves using data marketplace and aggregation platforms that specialise in building relationships with hundreds of data sources, often in specific data domains—for example, consumer, real-estate, government, or company data. These relationships can give organisations ready access to the broader data ecosystem. Once the team has identified a potential data set, the team's data engineers should work directly with business stakeholders and data scientists to evaluate the data and determine the degree to which the data will improve business outcomes. To do so, data teams establish evaluation criteria, assessing data across a variety of factors to determine whether the data set has the necessary characteristics for delivering valuable insights.

Data assessments should include an examination of quality indicators, such as fill rates, coverage, bias, and profiling metrics, within the context of the use case. For example, a transaction's data provider may claim to have hundreds of millions of transactions that help illuminate consumer trends. However, if the data include only transactions made by millennial consumers, the data set will not be useful to a company seeking to understand broader, generation-agnostic consumer trends. Modifications should be designed to ensure that the data architecture is flexible enough to support the integration of a continuous "conveyor belt" of incoming data from a variety of data sources. The final step is ensuring an appropriate and consistent level of quality by constantly monitoring the data used.

Q. Which of the following is NOT a potential challenge when deciding whether to use external data or not?

____________ refers to careful monitoring of an organisation's internal and external environments to detect early signs of opportunities and threats that may influence its current and future plans.

FDI in sectors/activities which do not require any prior approval either of the Government or the Reserve Bank of India is identified as

Which is the apex body in India for formulating the policy in respect of entrepreneurship development?

How can any organization overcome the resistance of its employees against flexibility, growth, and diversification?

With which of the following options is Venture Capital concerned?

Which type of entrepreneur is considered a superstar according to different business perspectives?

A born global firm is a firm that