EVS Content (Family & Society) - CTET & State TET MCQ

The correct answer is primary socialisation 

Explanation:

Socialization is the process through which communities transact or educate their members about the norms and values of society to be socially acceptable. Socialization is a combination of personality development and cultural development.

It is an act which ensures the:

• transmission of manners and culture.
• adaptation of social norms and values.
• internalization of attitudes and customs of society.

All types of socialization may be classified into two broad groups, viz. primary socialization and secondary socialization. This division is based on the primary and secondary needs of individuals.

Important Points

Let's understand in brief the types of Socialization:

Hence, it could be concluded that family plays a primary role in the socialization of the child.

Key Points

Joint Family:  

• ​A family which lives together with all family members up to the second generation like grandparents, parents, uncle, aunts and their children is called a joint family.
• The most aged man is the head of the family.
• Such a type of family arrangement is especially common in India.
• The joint family is an extension of the nuclear family (parents and dependent children)
• The size of the joint family is large, consisting of an older man and his wife, his sons and unmarried daughters, his sons’ wives and children, and so forth.
• All the family members love each other and motivate for any work.
• Due to elders in the family, children learn discipline at an early age.
• These types of families are usually found in village areas where big families stay together.

Thus, in the joint family system head of the family has control over all the members of the family.

Concept:

• Tobacco is generally the plant that is grown for its leaves and other parts.
• The leaves of tobacco are dried and fermented to use in tobacco products.
• It contains nicotine which is highly addictive in nature.

Explanation:

• There are various health-related side effects of tobacco chewing and smoking.
• It mainly causes various types of non-communicable diseases such as heart disease and high blood pressure problems.
• Tobacco also contains various cancer-causing agents and chemicals in it.
• Mouth cancer is generally caused by tobacco chewing and lung cancer is caused by smoking.

Chandu's father not quit the use of tobacco because he is addicted to it.

Important Points

Mouth cancer:

• ​A growth that occurs in the mouth is caused due to uncontrolled cell division.
• This causes mouth sore, white or reddish patch, lump inside the mouth.
• It also causes ear pain and difficulty in swallowing.
• Tobacco is considered the main cause of oral cancer because it introduces cancer-causing chemicals into the cell.

Lung cancer:

• Lung cancer is generally cancer that begins in the cell of the lungs.
• ​The primary reason for lung cancer is smoking.
• The chances for nonsmokers is low to get lung cancer.
• Smoke that enters the lungs causes damage to the tissue of the lung.
• The body will try to repair the damage, but due to the continuous exposure to this smoke, it will fail and will cause lung cancer.

Thus, tobacco chewing and smoking respectively result in mouth cancer and lung cancer.

Additional Information 

Blood cancer 

• ​It is a type of cancer that affects the production of blood cells.
• It is also known as leukaemia.
• Mutations in the DNA, exposure to certain chemicals and radiation, and sometimes chromosome translocation are the main causes.
• Leukaemia symptoms vary, depending on the type of leukaemia.

Concept:

Tradition:

• The transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation, or the fact of being passed on in this way.
• A belief or custom handed down from one generation to another.

Explanation:

Characteristics of the traditional Indian family:

Universal:

•  The family system is found in all societies.
• Family bonds and types of the family differ from one society to another. E.g.: In India, the family bonds are very strong.

Identity:

• It is a common practice for families to have a “nomenclature”. Every family is identified with a particular name.

Agency for Socialization:

• Socialization is a learning process that makes an individual an acceptable member of society.
• It is often remarked that “home” is the first school and the mother is the first teacher.
• A child learns norms from his family members such as cleanliness eating habits etc.

Cherishment of values:

• An individual acquires values from his family.
• Values can be defined as beliefs strongly held by individuals.
• Family teaches, certain values like respect for elders, helping the youngsters, Love, and affection for each other, etc.

Moulding the personality:

• Family plays a major role in Moulding the personality of an individual.
• Personality is reflected in the behaviour of individuals. E.g.: Over pampering of children may make them stubborn and egoistic.
• The relationship of the members of a family are socially sanctioned and are traditional.
•  Living together with various members of a family is also one of its characteristics.

Values:

• Living peacefully and respecting each other's rights.
• Never compromise on integrity for prosperity.
• Maintain strong bonds with family members as well as relatives.
• Being hospitable to everyone who comes to your home, irrespective of his caste, creed, financial position, or status.
• Treating guests as God i.e. 'Atithi Devo Bhava'.
• Remembering and bowing to God first thing in the morning.
• Indulging in yoga and meditation.
• Always taking the advice of elders in case of any important decision.

Important Points Joint Family:  

• ​A family which lives together with all family members up to the second generation like grandparents, parents, uncle, aunts and their children is called a joint family.
• The most aged man is the head of the family.
• Such a type of family arrangement is especially common in India.
• The joint family is an extension of the nuclear family (parents and dependent children)
• The size of the joint family is large, consisting of an older man and his wife, his sons and unmarried daughters, his sons’ wives and children, and so forth.
• All the family members love each other and motivate for any work.
• Due to elders in the family, children learn discipline at an early age.
• These types of families are usually found in village areas where big families stay together.

Patrilocal Family:

• A patriarchal family is a type of family in which all authority belongs to the paternal side.
• In this family, the eldest male or the father is the head of the family.
• He exercises his authority over the members of the family.
• He presides over the religious rites of the household; he is the guardian of the family goods.
• A patrilocal residence is structured by a rule that a man remains in his father's house after reaching maturity and brings his wife to live with his family after marriage.
•  Daughters, conversely, move out of their natal household when they marry.

Thus, all of the above is the characteristics of a traditional Indian family. 

Concept:

• Families are of different types.
• Some are joint family, extended family, nuclear or single-parent family.

Explanation:

Given below are the list of things that happen in a family:

• People stay together in a family.
• The family members love and take care of each other.
• They cook and eat together.
• The entire family watches TV, plays games and goes out together.
• The elders of the family work hard to earn money and support each other financially.
• An elder in the family cooks delicious food for other members.
• Sometimes, a new member comes into the family.
• Sometimes, a family member dies or passes away.
• The children go to school and study regularly.
• Shared responsibility and safety of children.

Thus, 

Rita lives with a Joint family where all the members live together.

Additional Information

Types of families are: 

Joint Family:  

• ​A family which lives together with all family members up to the second generation like grandparents, parents, uncle, aunts and their children is called a joint family.
• Such a type of family arrangement is especially common in India.

Extended Family:

• An extended family is used in a broader sense than a joint family.
• The extended family is a family that consists of parents, children, uncle, aunt, grandparents, their relatives etc.

Nuclear Family:

• A nuclear family consist of a couple and their children(1 or more).
• It is also known as elementary family or conjugal family or small families.

Single Parent Family:

• Single-parent families are families with children under age 18 headed by a parent who is widowed or divorced and not remarried, or by a parent who has never married.
• In such type of families, children live with only one parent.

Extended Family:

• An extended family is used in a broader sense than a joint family.
• The extended family is a family that consists of parents, children, uncle, aunt, grandparents, their relatives etc.

Joint Family:  

• ​ A family which lives together with all family members up to the second generation like grandparents, parents, uncle, aunts and their children is called a joint family.
• Such a type of family arrangement is especially common in India.

Nuclear Family:

• A nuclear family consist of a couple and their children(1 or more).
• It is also known as elementary family or conjugal family or small family.

Single Parent Family:

• Single-parent families are families with children under age 18 headed by a parent who is widowed or divorced and not remarried, or by a parent who has never married.
• In such types of families, children live with only one parent.​

​Thus, Sitamma's family is a Joint family.

Mistake Points

• A family that lives together with all family members up to the 2nd generation such as grandparents, parents, uncles, aunts and their children are called a joint family.
• An extended family comprises almost every blood relative, parents, grandparents, uncles, aunts, cousins and possibly spouses.

The correct answer is Friends.

Key Points

• Family members are individuals who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption and live together as a household.
• The composition of a family may vary across cultures and societies, but generally includes parents, children, and other relatives.

Important Points

• Grandparents are considered family members, as they are typically related by blood or marriage and form a part of the extended family.
• In-laws are considered family members, as they are related through marriage and form a part of the extended family.
• Parents are considered family members, as they are typically related by blood and form a part of the immediate family.
• Friends are not considered family members, as they are not related by blood, marriage, or adoption. While friends may form close bonds and provide emotional support, they are not considered part of the family.

In summary, family members are individuals who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption and live together as a household. Friends are not considered family members.

Concept:

• Families are of different types.
• Some are joint family, extended family, nuclear or single-parent family.

Explanation:

Given below are the list of things that happen in a family:

• People stay together in a family.
• The family members love and take care of each other.
• They cook and eat together.
• The entire family watches TV, plays games and goes out together.
• The elders of the family work hard to earn money and support each other financially.
• An elder in the family cooks delicious food for other members.
• Sometimes, a new member comes into the family.
• Sometimes, a family member dies or passes away.
• The children go to school and study regularly.
• Shared responsibility and safety of children.

Thus, 

A. The number of family members does not remain constant in a family: Correct

B. Every member supports themselves financially: Incorrect

C. They share the same housing and food: Correct

D. Shared responsibility and safety of children: Correct

Additional Information

Types of families are: 

Joint Family:  

• ​A family which lives together with all family members up to the second generation like grandparents, parents, uncle, aunts and their children is called a joint family.
• Such a type of family arrangement is especially common in India.

Extended Family:

• An extended family is used in a broader sense than a joint family.
• The extended family is a family that consists of parents, children, uncle, aunt, grandparents, their relatives etc.

Nuclear Family:

• A nuclear family consist of a couple and their children(1 or more).
• It is also known as elementary family or conjugal family or small families.

Single Parent Family:

• Single-parent families are families with children under age 18 headed by a parent who is widowed or divorced and not remarried, or by a parent who has never married.
• In such type of families, children live with only one parent.

Concept:

Individualism:

• Individualism is characterised by a lack of interpersonal ties and self-reliance.
• Individualistic cultures are those that put the needs of the individual before the needs of the group.
• In this kind of culture, people are seen as independent and autonomous.
• A person's opinions and preferences frequently influence their social behaviour.

Explanation:

Both (A) and (B):

Westernization:

• Western civilization is frequently regarded as individualistic and its inhabitants as having a more independent sense of self.
• A person is thought to be essentially composed of personal characteristics like personality traits, attitudes and beliefs. 

The imagination of free life-style: 

• Individualists place a strong emphasis on the idea that family members should be able to solve issues or achieve goals independently, without the need for others' help.
• People are viewed as "excellent" in individualistic families if they are robust, self-sufficient, outspoken, and independent.

Thus, the individualistic family pattern is fastly increasing because of both (A) and (B). 

Concept:

The family life cycle:

• The family life cycle adopts a longitudinal view of family life.
• It is based on the recognition of successive phases and patterns as they happen over the years.
• The family life cycle generally consists of seven stages.

Explanation:

Early family:

• A married couple without children.
• It is the stage of family founding.
• The first stage begins with the establishment period.
• It all starts with marriage and lasts until the first child is born.

 Thus, early family is the first stage of the family life cycle.

Additional Information

Other stages of the family life cycle:

• Second stage: Child-bearing family.
• Third stage: Family with preschool-age children.
• Fourth stage: Family with school-age children and adolescents.
• Fifth stage: Family launching young adults into higher education/work.
• Sixth stage: Middle-aged parents with grown-up/married children.
• Seventh stage: Ageing couple—retirement to death of both spouses.