CTET Paper 2 Mock Test - 6 (Science & Mathematics) - CTET & State TET MCQ

Kohlberg divided six stages into three separate levels.
The three levels of moral development include pre-conventional, conventional and post-conventional.
Those at post-conventional level base their decisions on more abstract principles that may not be defined by their particular society's laws.
Thus, the subject in question is at this level.

While handling students with special needs, use simple commands with as few words as possible, having the child then carry out that instruction.

Part of the importance of emotion in education is that it is tied to cognition. Demetriou and Wilson (2008) tell us that "emotional development is inextricably intertwined with our acquisition of knowledge".

Student-centred learning, also known as learner-centred education, broadly encompasses methods of teaching that shift the focus of instruction from the teacher to the student. Question-answer method is based on teacher's own discretion and does not put learner first.

Humans seek to reduce anxiety through defence mechanisms. Defence mechanisms can be psychologically healthy or maladaptive, but tension reduction is the overall goal.

The RTE Act provides for The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education till completion of elementary education in a neighbourhood school. It clarifies that 'compulsory education' means obligation of the appropriate government to provide free elementary education and ensure compulsory admission, attendance and completion of elementary education to every child in the six to fourteen age group.
'Free' means that no child shall be liable to pay any kind of fee or charges or expenses which may prevent him or her from pursuing and completing elementary education. It makes provisions for a non-admitted child to be admitted to an age appropriate class.

Growth is the expansion of some object, institution or population which is measurable and is always quantitative whereas development is related to qualitative improvement. Qualitative differences focus on changes in the way children think, behave, and perceive the world differently as they mature.
Hence statement 4 is not true.

Focussing too much on the result will actually have an adverse effect and will add to the anxiety quotient. Focussing on process rather than outcome is a much better strategy.

A common mnemonic for remembering lists is to create an easily remembered acronym, or, taking each of the initial letters of the list members, create a memorable phrase in which the words with the same acronym act as the material.
The technique mentioned in the question is one example of mnemonics.

Private speech is speech spoken to oneself for communication, self-guidance, and self-regulation of behaviour. Children from two to about seven years old can be observed engaging in private speech. Although it is audible, it is neither intended for nor directed at others.

Creative thinking aims at novelty in the first instance rather than truth. Creative thinking is always 'constructive' as it aims at novelty. It necessarily has to be different from the conventional modes of thinking.

Learning is a comprehensive process that refers to a change in behavior, knowledge, and skills as a result of practice and experience.

A teaching approach refers to the ideologies that are followed during the teaching-learning process in the classroom. The different aspects of a classroom include the students, teacher, and subject matter so the teaching approaches are based upon these different aspects of the classroom.

Constructivism is centered on the idea that human knowledge and learning are actively constructed by the teacher, not passively received from the environment. It is based on the theory of constructivism which holds that learning always builds upon the knowledge that a student already has.

A congenial classroom is one where all pupils are accepted, where they are all acknowledged as important, and where they are recognized. The instructors try to consider their students as more than just academic tools. A congenial classroom atmosphere promotes a positive learning experience for students.

Thinking is a higher cognitive process. In the literature, it has been defined primarily in two ways; one category of definition considers thinking as a problem-solving activity. While the other class of definition considers it as a mechanism of an internal representation of the external world.

Questions are an aid in the learning process and hence questioning skill is one of the important teaching skills required to be developed to conduct a successful classroom session by the teacher. Effective teachers use productive questions to help students advance in their thinking and to construct their own understandings.

Motivation refers to those factors which increase or decrease an individual's vigor for some activity. Motivation is something that energizes and directs behavior.

Creativity involves thinking originally, recombining ideas in new ways and breaking away from set ways of thinking and behavior.

Failure is the state or conditioning of not meeting desirable goals and may be viewed as the opposite of success.

An internal evaluation is done by someone who knows the subject taught. It is usually the class teacher. The criterion is that the evaluator knows what has been taught and how it has been taught. All other types of evaluation are external evaluations.

Teachers interacting more with boys than girls is an example of gender bias in teaching.
Gender refers to the socially and culturally constructed system that attributes meaning to what it means to be a male or a female in a particular society.
Gender bias in teaching leads to differential learning experiences, even though the girls and boys of a class sit in the same classroom and attended by the same teacher.

• It refers to the belief when someone prioritize one gender more than the other one.
• The result of the research studies about teachers interacting more with boys than girls is an example of gender bias in teaching.

Individuals who have the ability to understand the motives, feelings and behaviours of others to bond with them are high on interpersonal Intelligence in Howard Gardner’s theory.
Interpersonal intelligence: In this type of intelligence people have the ability to understand others' feelings, wishes, expectations, and needs & others' behavior.
These people have better social communication skills and have the ability to relate well with others and manage relationships.
Thus, people having interpersonal intelligence have the ability to interact with others in society.

Hearing impaired learners, sign language is the most appropriate.
A hearing-impaired person is the one who has difficulty in hearing. For such people, sign languages are used to show them what one is saying. The first person credited with the creation of a formal sign language for the hearing impaired was Pedro Ponce de León, a 16th-century Spanish Benedictine monk.

• A language that employs signs made with the hands and other movements, including facial expressions and postures of the body is called sign language.
• But people with disabilities including Autism, Apraxia of speech, Cerebral Palsy, and Down Syndrome may also find sign language beneficial for communicating.
• Sign language may be as coarsely expressed as mere grimaces, shrugs, or pointings; or it may employ a delicately nuanced combination of coded manual signals reinforced by facial expression and perhaps augmented by words spelt out in a manual alphabet.

A review of a book on government schemes is not appropriate to take knowledge of primary sources.
Primary Sources: A source will be considered as a primary source in case it carries newly generated information, original work of research, or a new interpretation of already known facts. The document is the first and often the only published record of original research. The information contained in primary sources is generally scattered and unorganized.

- The Assertion is correct as development indeed encompasses growth in physical, mental, and emotional aspects.

- The Reason is also correct as it aligns with the definitions provided by various thinkers, emphasizing a series of changes leading to maturity.

- The Reason serves as a correct explanation for the Assertion, indicating that the progressive changes discussed are aimed at achieving maturity.

- Assertion is true: Children's cognitive development does progress through distinct stages as categorized by Piaget.

- Reason is false: The reason statement is incorrect as it incorrectly states that children's thought patterns are fundamentally different from adults.

- The Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

- The assertion is true as ToM is crucial for understanding social interactions.

- The reason is true as ToM involves attributing mental states like beliefs and intentions to oneself and others.

- Thus, both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason explains the assertion, making Option A the correct answer.

• Assertion is correct as learning activities are vital for student engagement.
• Reason is false since it does not directly relate to the importance of learning activities in engaging students.
• Therefore, the assertion is true, but the reason is false, making Option C the correct answer.

Assertion Correctness: The assertion is correct as per the Schacter-Singer model of emotion, which does indeed highlight the importance of both physical changes and conscious mental processing in experiencing emotions.

Reason Correctness: The reason is correct as it explains how the brain interprets physical changes and environmental information to assign appropriate emotional labels.

Explanation of Correct Answer: The reason provides a correct explanation for the assertion, as it clarifies how the brain processes physical changes and external stimuli to determine the appropriate emotional response.