CUET Geography Previous Year Solved Paper 2 (8 August 2022 Slot-1) - Humanities/Arts MCQ

Density of population is expressed as number of persons per unit area.

Rajasthan with female literacy rate of 52.66 has lowest female literacy in India.

Net Area Sown: The physical extent of land on which crops are sown and harv ested is known as net sown area.

Raw materials-Agro, forest, minerals; Ownership-Public, private; Use of products-Basic, consumer goods; Nature of the manufactured products-Metallurgical, Electronics

Types and Sources of Pollution

A geographer, Griffith Taylor introduced another concept which reflects a middle path (Madhyam Marg) between the two ideas of environmental determinism and possibilism. He termed it as Neodeterminism or stop and go determinism.

Region wise Density of Population

Pipeline-Hazira-Vijaypur; Roadways-Golden Quadrilateral; Railways-Konkan; Waterways-Sadiya-Dhubari

The expanding world trade during the sixteenth and sev enteenth century, set the stage for rapid population growth. Around 1750, at the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, the world population was 550 million.
World population exploded in the eighteenth century after the Industrial Revolution. Technological advancement achieved so far helped in the reduction of death rate and provided a stage for accelerated population growth.

On an average, the world population reflects a sex ratio of 102 males per 100 females. The highest sex ratio in the world has been recorded in Latvia where there are 85 males per 100 females. In contrast, in Qatar there are 311 males per 100 females.

Broad Stages and Thrust of Human Geography

Ageing Population: Population ageing is the process by which the share of the older population becomes proportionally larger. This is a new phenomenon of the twentieth century. In most of the developed countries of the world, population in higher age groups has increased due to increased life expectancy. With a reduction in birth rates, the proportion of children in the population has declined.

The first stage has high fertility and high mortality because people reproduce more to compensate for the deaths due to epidemics and variable food supply. The population growth is slow and most of the people are engaged in agriculture where large families are an asset. Life expectancy is low, people are mostly illiterate and have low levels of technology. Two hundred years ago all the countries of the world were in this stage. Fertility remains high in the beginning of second stage but it declines with time. This is accompanied by reduced mortality rate. Improvements in sanitation and health conditions lead to decline in mortality. Because of this gap the net addition to population is high. In the last stage, both fertility and mortality decline considerably. The population is either stable or grows slowly. The population becomes urbanised, literate and has high technical know-how and deliberately controls the family size.

Equity refers to making equal access to opportunities available to everybody. The opportunities available to people must be equal irrespective of their gender, race, income and in the Indian case, caste. Yet this is very often not the case and happens in almost every society.

Oil Ports deal in the processing and shipping of oil. Packet Station is also known as ferry ports.These packet stations are exclusively concerned with the transportation of passengers and mail across water bodies covering short distances. Entrepot Ports are collection centres where the goods are brought from different countries for export. Naval Ports are ports which have only strategic importance. These ports serve warships and have repair workshops for them.

Big Inch carries petroleum from the oil wells of the Gulf of Mexico to the North-eastern States.

Primitive  subsistence agriculture or shif ting cultivation is prevalent in tropical region in different names, e.g. Jhuming in North eastern states of India, Milpa in Central America and Mexico and Ladang in Indonesia and Malaysia. Some coffee fazendas (large plantations) in Brazil are still managed by Europeans.

Immigration: Migrants who move into a new place are called Immigrants

High technology, or simply high-tech, is the latest generation of manufacturing activities. It is best understood as the application of intensive research and development (R and D) efforts leading to the manufacture of products of an advanced scientific and engineering character. Professional (white collar) workers make up a large share of the total workforce.

Outsourcing has resulted in the opening up of a large number of call centres in India, China, Eastern Europe, Israel, Philippines and Costa Rica. It has created new jobs in these countries. Outsourcing is coming to those countries where cheap and skilled workers are available. These are also out-migrating countries.

Tourism is travel undertaken for purposes of recreation rather than business. It has become the world’s single largest tertiary activity in total registered jobs (250 million) and total revenue (40 per cent of the total GDP). Besides, many local persons are employed to provide services like accommodation, meals, transport, entertainment and special shops serving the tourists. Tourism fosters the growth of infrastructure industries, retail trading, and craft industries (souvenirs). In some regions, tourism is seasonal because the vacation period is dependent on favourable weather conditions, but many regions attract visitors all the year round.

The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) was operationalised in 1995. Radio broadcasting started in India in 1923 by the Radio Club of Bombay. Since then, it gained immense popularity and changed the sociocultural life of people. Within no time, it made a place in every household of the country. Government took this opportunity and brought this popular mode of communication under its control in 1930 under the Indian Broadcasting System. It was changed to All India Radio in 1936 and to Akashwani in 1957. Television broadcasting has emerged as the most effective audio-visual medium for disseminating information and educating masses.
Initially, the T.V. services were limited only to the National Capital where it began in 1959. After 1972, several other centres became operational.
In 1976, TV was delinked from All India Radio (AIR) and got a separate identity as Doordarshan (DD). For the development, maintenance and regulation of national waterways in the country, the Inland Waterways Authority was set up in 1986.

Phase I: The period from 1901-1921 is referred to as a period of stagnant or stationary phase of growth of India’s population, since in this period growth rate was very low, even recording a negative growth rate during 1911-1921.
Phase II: The decades 1921-1951 are referred to as the period of steady population growth.
Phase III: The decades 1951-1981 are referred to as the period of population explosion in India, which was caused by a rapid fall in the mortality rate but a high fertility rate of population in the country.
Phase IV: In the post 1981 till present, the growth rate of country’s population though remained high, has started slowing down gradually.

There is a steep rise in the import of petroleum products. It is used not only as a fuel but also as an industrial raw material. It indicates the tempo of rising industrialisation and better standard of living.

North -South and East-West Corridors: North-South corridor aims at connecting Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir with Kanniyakumari in Tamil Nadu (including Kochchi-Salem Spur) with 4,076-km long road. The East-West Corridor has been planned to connect Silchar in Assam with the port town of Porbandar in Gujarat with 3,640- km of road length.

In India people migrate from rural to urban areas mainly due to poverty, high population pressure on the land, lack of basic infrastructural facilities like health care, education, etc. Apart from these factors, natural disasters such as, flood, drought, cyclonic storms, earthquake, tsunami, wars and local conflicts also give extra push to migrate.

Hamleted Settlements - Sometimes settlement is fragmented into several units physically separated from each other bearing a common name. These units are locally called panna, para, palli, nagla, dhani, etc. in various parts of the country. This segmentation of a large village is often motivated by social and ethnic factors. Such villages are more frequently found in the middle and lower Ganga plain, Chhattisgarh and lower valleys of the Himalayas.

Unregulated migration to the metropolitan cities of India has caused overcrowding.

The groundwater utilisation is v ery high in the states of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Tamil Nadu.

Actually migration was recorded beginning from the first Census of India conducted in 1881. This data were recorded on the basis of place of birth.