Chapter Test: The Judiciary - 1 - CTET & State TET MCQ

Civil cases usually involve private disputes between persons or organizations. Therefore an eviction of the tenant can be termed a civil case.

The High Court of Delhi was established on 31 October 1966. The High Court of Delhi was established with four judges. They were Chief Justice K. S. Hegde, Justice I. D. Dua, Justice H. R. Khanna and Justice S. K. Kapur.

Correct answer is option (A).
FIR means:
- First Information Report

Currently there are 25 high courts. while many states have their own high courts, Punjab and haryana share a common high court at chandigarh, and Four northeast states have a common high court at guwahati.

Amongst the Union Territories Delhi has a High Court of its own. Each High Court shall consist of a Chief Justice and other such judges appointed by the President of India.

The Supreme Court in the early 1980s devised a mechanism of Public Interest Litigation or PIL to increase access to justice. It allowed any individual or organisation to file a PIL in the High Court or the Supreme Court on behalf of those whose rights were being violated. The legal process was greatly simplified and even a letter or telegram addressed to the Supreme Court or the High Court could be treated as a PIL. In the early years, PIL was used to secure justice on a large number of issues such as rescuing bonded labourers from inhuman work conditions; and securing the release of-prisoners in Bihar who had been kept in jail even after their punishment terms was complete. Thus, the introduction of PIL is really a significant step in ensuring access to justice for all.  

Criminal law deals with behavior that is or can be construed as an offense against the public, society, or the state— even if the immediate victim is an individual. Examples are murder, assault, theft,and drunken driving.

The Supreme Court in the early 1980s devised a mechanism of Public Interest Litigation or PIL to increase access to justice. It allowed any individual or organisation to file a PIL in the High Court or the Supreme Court on behalf of those whose rights were being violated.

The Supreme Court of India was inaugurated on January 28, 1950. It succeeded the Federal Court of India, established under the Government of India Act of 1935.

Article 124 to 147 in part V of the Constitution deal with me organisation, independence, jurisdiction, powers, procedures and so on of the Supreme Court. The Parliament is also authorised to regulate them.

The judiciary is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state. The judiciary also provides a mechanism for the resolution of disputes.

In April 2001, the People’s Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) initiated the public interest litigation (Civil) No. 196/2001, People’s Union for Civil Liberties v. Union of India & Others – popularly known as the "right to food" case. The PUCL argued that Article 21 – "right to life" of the Indian Constitution when read together with Articles 39(a) and 47, makes the right to food a derived fundamental right which is enforceable by virtue of the constitutional remedy provided under Article 32 of the constitution. The PUCL argued that excess food stocks with the Food Corporation of India should be fed to hungry citizens. This included providing mid-day meals in primary schools. The scheme came into force with the supreme court order dated 28 November 2001, which required all government and government-assisted primary schools to provide cooked midday meals.

The correct answer is (B) Subordinate District Court.

Each state district is presided over by:

These courts are responsible for handling legal matters within their respective districts and are presided over by district judges.

• Subordinate District court Judiciary

The Constitution of India provides for a High Court for each State. There are 24 High Courts in India, including those having jurisdiction over more than one State. Among the Union Territories, only Delhi has a High Court of its own.

The rule of law says the law is same for all individuals irrespective of their backgrounds or beliefs.

In our country, there are three different levels of courts. At the lower level, there are a number of courts. However, at apex level there is only one court. At the apex of the entire judicial system, exists the Supreme Court of India.

The Madras High Court is the high court of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The court is one of the three High Courts in India established in the three Presidency Towns of Bombay, Calcutta and Madras by letters patent granted by Queen Victoria, bearing date 26 June 1862.

The High Court of Judicature at Fort William was formally opened on 1st July, 1862, with Sir Barnes Peacock as its first Chief Justice.

Though India became a free nation on August 15, 1947, it declared itself a Sovereign, Democratic and Republic state with the adoption of the Constitution on January 26, 1950.

The high court looks after the issues which are not solved in district court.high court's were first established in three presidency cities of calcutta, bombay and madras in 1862. The high court of delhi came up in 1966.

Correct answer is option (D) New Dehli
Supreme Court Location:

• The Supreme Court of India is located in New Delhi.

 

Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime. It regulates social conduct and proscribes whatever is threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering the property, health, safety, and moral welfare of people. It includes the punishment of people who violate these laws.

Deals with any harm or injury to rights of individuals. For example; disputes relating to sale of land purchase of goods, rent matters, divorce cases.

Article 21 of the Constitution of India, 1950 provides that, “No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.” ‘Life’ in Article 21 of the Constitution is not merely the physical act of breathing. It does not connote mere animal existence or continued drudgery through life. It has a much wider meaning which includes right to live with human dignity, right to livelihood, right to health, right to pollution free air, etc.

The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India. Consisting of the Chief Justice of India and 30 other judges, it has extensive powers in the form of original, appellate and advisory jurisdictions.

The correct answer is (C) Chief Justice.

Explanation:

The Supreme Court is presided over by the Chief Justice. Here are some key points about the Chief Justice and their role in the Supreme Court:

- The Chief Justice is the highest-ranking judge in the Supreme Court.
- They are responsible for overseeing the administration and operation of the court.
- They serve as the main spokesperson for the court and represent the institution in its relations with other branches of government.
- The Chief Justice presides over oral arguments, assigning which justice will write the majority opinion in each case.
- In the United States, the Chief Justice also has the responsibility of administering the Presidential oath of office during inaugurations.

Other Courts:
- Subordinate District Court: In lower-level courts, such as subordinate district courts, a district judge or magistrate typically presides over the court's proceedings.

Punjab & Haryana shares the same High Court. Common High Court is in Chandigarh as Chandigarh is the common capital of both the states.

Single integrated judicial system means that all the administration in courts has to be based on the same principle and has one apex court. In case of India Supreme court is the apex court which has high courts under it and so on.