Diversity In Living Organisms - MCQ Test (22-11-2017) - Class 9 MCQ

Nervous system is responsible for control and coordination in animals. Nervous system develops for the first time in phylum Coelenterates. A nerve net consists of interconnected neurons lacking a brain  While organisms with bilateral body symmetry are normally associated with a central nervous system, organisms with radial symmetry are associated with nerve nets.The nerve net is the simplest form of a nervous system found in multicellular organisms.Coelentrates are the first two phyla to possess nervous systems which differentiate during development and communicate by synaptic conduction. Most research on the evolution of nervous tissue concerning nerve nets has been conducted using cnidarians. The nervous systems of coelenterates allow for sensation, contraction, locomotion, and hunting/feeding behaviors. Coelenterates and bilaterians share common neurophysiological mechanisms

The lower plants that do not form flower are called cryptogams plant or non-flowering plants. Vascular bundle is absent in these plants but Pteridophytes contain xylem and phloem. Vascular Cryptogam is an old botanical phrase, and it refers to those vascular plants that do not make seeds.  Thus, cryptogam (literally hidden gametophyte) refers to the production of a separate, usually very small, archegoniate gametophyte. Pteridophytes are free-sporing vascular plants that share a unique life cycle with independent gametophyte and sporophyte phases that are frequently discussed together due to common characteristics, including vascular plant 

Elasmobranches are a kind of marine fish that do not contain Operculum to cover the gills, used for obtaining oxygen from water. Elasmobranchii  is a subclass of Chondrichthyes or cartilaginous fish. Members of this subclass are characterised by having five to seven pairs of gill clefts lacking operculum opening individually to the exterior, rigid dorsal fins and small placoid scales on the skin. elasmobranchs lack swim bladders, and maintain buoyancy instead with large livers that are full of oil.

Aquatic arthropods (crustaceans and the chelicerate horseshoe crabs) possess gills for respiration. Although they vary in structure and location, the gills are always outgrowths of the integument (skin) and are therefore covered by the exoskeleton, which is thin in this area and not a barrier to the exchange of gases. Terrestrial arthropods possess tracheae and book lungs as respiratory organs. Tracheae are a system of tiny tubes that permit passage of gases into the interior of the body. In some arthropods the tracheal tubes are bathed by blood, but in insects the minute terminal endings (tracheoles) are embedded in the tissues, even within muscle cells.

Pinna is the external opening of ears. Pinna is characteristic feature of Mammalia.The pinna is the visible part of the ear that resides outside of the head. The purpose of the pinna is to collect sound. It does so by acting as a funnel, amplifying the sound and directing it to the ear canal. In mammals like cats and dogs, it is obviously highly directional, but even in humans, the pinna functions as a directional sound collector. The "sweet spot" for which the pinna best collects sound is called the acoustic axis or the acoustic fovea. In various species, the pinna can also signal mood and radiate heat.

There are two kinds of venation in leaves of angiospermic plant, parallel venation and reticulate venation. Monocot plants show parallel venation. If the veins show a more or less parallel disposition, the condition is described as parallel venation. The parallely running veins are often connected at intervals by short links which are placed at right angles to the prominent parallel veins. Parallel venation is characteristic of leaves of monocotyledons.

Echinodermata is exclusively found in sea water or marine. It includes organism like starfish. Echinoderm is the common name given to any member of the phylum Echinodermata . The adults are recognizable by their (usually five-point) radial symmetry, and include such well-known animals as sea stars, sea urchins as well as the sea lilies or "stone lilies". Echinoderms are found at every ocean depth. Most echinoderms are able to  regenerate tissue, organs, limbs, and reproduce sexually; in some cases, they can undergo complete regeneration from a single limb. Geologically, the value of echinoderms is in their ossified skeletons, which are major contributors to many limestone formations, and can provide valuable clues as to the geological environment

Silver fish-belongs to Arthropoda phylla-Not a fis
Jellyfish- belongs to Cnidarian-Not a fish
starfish- belongs to Echinodermata- Not a fish
Dog fish-belongs to Pisces so it is a true fish

The five kingdom of classification was proposed by R. Whittaker. These kingdoms were Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.R.H. Whittaker (1969) proposed a Five Kingdom Classification. The kingdoms defined by him were named Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. The main criteria for classification used by him include cell structure, thallus organisation, mode of nutrition, reproduction and phylogenetic relationships.

Gymnosperms are those plants that have naked seeds. The seeds are not enclosed inside the ovary. Gymnosperms were the first plants to have seeds. They are often referred to as having naked seeds because they do not have flowers, and their seeds develop on the surface of the reproductive structures of the plants rather than being contained in a specialized ovary. These seeds are often found on the surfaces of cones and short stalks.

Male Ascaris differ from female Ascaris in different way. Female Ascaris are longer in size, male Ascaris have curved posterior end and contain penial setae. 

Ascaris worms are sexually dimorphic, which means that there are differences in body size, shape, color, and so forth between males and females. For example, the males are shorter in length than the females. Male Ascaris worms range from 15-31 cm in length, with the length of female Ascaris worms ranging from 20-49 cm, with an average length of 30 cm. Also, the males have a smaller diameter than females. one of the simplest ways to determine if an Ascaris worm ismale or female is the presence or absence of a spicule

Flightless birds are birds that through evolution lost the ability to fly.New ecological influences selectively pressured different taxon to converge on flightless modes of existence by altering them morphologically and behaviorally.it is believed that the loss of flight is an easier transition for birds rather than the loss and regain of flight, which has never been documented in avian history. The wings are large, and have eleven primary feathers and low wing loading pigeons have strong wing muscles  and are among the strongest fliers of all birds. Columbidae have unique body feathers, with the shaft being generally broad, strong, and flattened, tapering to a fine point, abruptly.

The skull having two occipital condyle is called dicondylic skull. The members of class amphibians and mammals possesses dicondylic skull.Skull has two occipital condyles, with the help of these two condyles skull is connected by first vertebra of vertebral column i.e, Atlas,

Algae are most primitive plants found exclusively in water. The sex organs of algae are unicellular and non-jacketed. The most primitive algae, i.e., the members of Cyanophyceae e), e.g., Gloeocapsa, Chroococcus, etc., reproduce by means of fusion, whereas  Nostoc, Anabaena, etc., reproduce vegetatively, by means of a group of few cells called hormogonia, which later on give rise to new plants by further division. Some members of Cyanophyceae reproduce by means of arthrospores. This shows that all the blue-green algae reproduce asexually and the sexual reproduction is altogether absent. In rest of algae, whether unicellular or filamentous, both asexual and sexual methods of reproduction prevail.It is thought that probably the gametes have been originated from the motile asexual spores or zoospores. Except few cases, the sexual reproduction has not replaced the asexual method but has been added as a supplementary method. The zoospores usually resemble the gametes except for their size.

Amphibians are more advanced than fishes because of three chambered heart and lungs for respiration in place gills. 

Amphibianshave three-chambered heart and lungs for respiration, while fishes have two-chambered heart and gills for respiration. Well they have limbs and lungs, which  consider to be more complex.fish,amphibians, and reptiles are water creatures, so when they beathe water cleans their air supply, which makes their imune system weak air beathers are used to pollution which means they have a stronger immune system.

In biological classification, family (Latin: familia, plural familiae) is one of the eight major taxonomic ranks; it is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks above the rank of genus. the Systema Naturae, Carl Linnaeus used a ranking scale limited to: kingdom, class, order, genus, species, and one rank below species.

A genus  is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.

The Whittaker’s classification includes five kingdom in which unicellular organisms having Eukaryotic cell are placed in kingdom Protista. Protists are eukaryotic organisms that cannot be classified as a plant, animal, or fungus. They are mostly unicellular, but some, like algae, are multicellular. Kelp, or 'seaweed,' is a large multicellular protist that provides food, shelter, and oxygen for numerous underwater ecosystems. Even though kelp resembles a plant, it is not classified into Kingdom Plantae because it lacks the cellular complexity of plant cells.Protists can be heterotrophic, which means they obtain the energy they need to live by consuming other organisms. Or, they can be autotrophic, which means they obtain energy from the environment through photosynthesis, the process of capturing light energy and storing it in carbohydrates.

Bryophytes are called as amphibian of plant kingdom because they can survive on both land and water but water is necessary for completion of life cycle.Amphibians are those organisms which live on both land and in water. Bryophytes are called amphibians of the plant kingdom because these plants though live in soil but they need water for sexual reproduction. The sperm of bryophyte (antherozoids) are flagellate and need water to swim to the eggs. In other words, as these plants need water for reproduction unlike other plants, they are called as amphibians. 

Hemichordates are those organism that lacks notochord and true dorsal nerve. Balanoglossus is an example of hemichordate phylum. Hemichordata is a phylum of marine deuterostome animals, generally considered the sister group of the echinoderms. They appear in the Lower or Middle Cambrian and include two main classes: Enteropneusta (acorn worms), and Pterobranchia They are Solitary and colonial, mostly tubicolous, exclusively marine. Body soft, fragile, vermiform and divisible into proboscis, collar and trunk. Body wall with a single-layered epidermis.

Mammals are vertebrates (which means they have a backbone or spine). Also known as “warm-blooded,” endothermic animals regulate their own body temperate which allows them to live in almost every climate on Earth. Have hair on their bodies. Mammals are viviparous as they Produce milk to feed their babies

Polymorphism is the occurrence of different forms of types of individuals among the members of a single species. It is shown by species Physalia. Coelenterate animals may show a number of zooids. They are of different forms. They take up different functions. These are called polymorphism. This phenomenon is called polymorphism. (Such a colony is called 'Polymorphic' colony). Polymorphism denotes division of labor among the zooids of the individual.polymorphism is one of the  Coelenterates animal characteristic feature A polymorphic colony contains many individuals called zooids. They are mainly two types.1. Medusae 2. Polyps.

Annelids are commonly called as segmented worms as their body is divided into small segments. The annelids also known as the ringed worms or segmented worms, The annelids are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, coelomate invertebrate organisms. They also have parapodia for locomotion.  Septa separate the segments of many species, but are poorly defined or absent in others

Whale is found in water but they respire with lungs, have four chambered heart and possesses mammary glands, so not placed in fishes.Whales are mammals because they give birth to live young, they have fur (although it is very sparse on their body), they have lungs and breath air and they provide milk for their young. Whales are warm blooded, which means they keep a high body temperature that does not change in the cold water. Fish are cold-blooded, so their body temperature changes depending on the temperature of their environment. Whales actually breathe air with lungs using their blowholes to breath out! They come to the surface of the water so they can breathe just like you and me. Fish get oxygen directly from the water through their gills. Whales even have a little bit of hair on their smooth skin, usually on the top of their head. Fish have scales.

The scientific name of organisms consists of two words, the genus and species name. biological name of wheat is Triticum aestivum. Solanum tuberosum is the biological name of potato.

Carl Linnaeus. Carl Linnaeus, also known as Carl von Linné or Carolus Linnaeus, is often called the Father of Taxonomy. His system for naming, ranking, and classifying organisms is still in wide use today (with many changes).
The formal introduction of Bionomial  system of naming species is credited to Carl Linnaeus, effectively beginning with his work Species Plantarum. Linnean system of binomial nomenclature, the scientific way to name living things with a generic (genus) and specific (species) name.
Gregor Mendel, who is known as the "father of modern genetics",gained posthumous recognition as the founder of the modern science of genetics.
Charles Robert Darwin, was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.

Scientific name of leech is Hirudinaria. It is generally found in water and suck blood from animals as food. Leeches are segmented worms that belong to the phylum annelida and comprise the subclass Hirudinea.Like the earthworms, leeches share a clitellum and are hermaphrodites leeches do not have bristles and the external segmentation of their bodies does not correspond with the internal segmentation of their organs. Their bodies are much more solid as the spaces in their coelom  with connective tissues. They also have two suckers, one at each end.The majority of leeches live in freshwater environments, while some species can be found in terrestrial

Cuttle fish are marine animals of the order Sepia. They belongs to class Cephalopoda that includes Sepia. Cuttlefish  have an internal shell (called a cuttlebone), large eyes, and eight arms and two tentacles furnished with finely toothed suckers, with which they grab their prey Cuttlefish have an internal cuttlebone, made of calcium carbonate. It is porous, full of small holes, The buoyancy of the cuttlebone can change, allowing the cuttlefish to go lower or higher by changing the amount of gas and liquid in its chambers. The cuttlebone of each species has a distinct shape, size, and pattern of ridges or texture. Cuttlebones are used by jewellers and silvermiths as moulds for casting small objects. 

The national bird of India is peacock, whose scientific name is Pavo cristatus. The peafowl include three species of birds in the genera Pavo and Afropavo of the Phasianidea family, the pheasants and their allies. Male peafowl are known for their piercing call and their extravagant plumage. The latter is especially prominent in the Asiatic species, who have an eye-spotted "tail" or "train" of covert feathers which they display as part of a courtship ritual. The term peacock is properly reserved for the male; the female is known as a peahen,

Choanocytes are cells that line the interior of asconoid, syconoid and leuconoid body type. They are characteristic of Porifera kingdom. Choanocytes (also known as "collar cells") are cells that line the interior of asconoid, syconoid and leuconoid body type spongesthat contain a central flagellum, or undulipodia, surrounded by a collar of microvilli which are connected by a thin membrane. They make up Choanoderm, a type of cell layer found in sponges.

There are two types of circulatory system found in animals. Open circulatory system and closed circulatory system. Open circulatory system is present in Mullucas and Arthropods. Arthropods and molluscs have  an open circulatory system, where blood fills the body cavity of the animal In arthropods, this coelom is much reduced, and divided into smaller areas around excretory and reproductive organs. Since they have skeletons, the leftover space is instead filled with blood which covers the other organs, keeping them bathed in blood. This cavity is referred to as a haemocoel, or blood cavity.
The open circulatory system is common to molluscs and arthropods. Open circulatory systems (evolved in crustaceans, insects, mollusks and other invertebrates) pump blood into a hemocoel with the blood diffusing back to the circulatory system between cells. Blood is pumped by a heart into the body cavities, where tissues are surrounded by the blood