Ecology MCQ - Biotechnology Engineering (BT) MCQ


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21 Questions MCQ Test Mock Test Series of IIT JAM Biotechnology 2025 - Ecology MCQ

Ecology MCQ for Biotechnology Engineering (BT) 2024 is part of Mock Test Series of IIT JAM Biotechnology 2025 preparation. The Ecology MCQ questions and answers have been prepared according to the Biotechnology Engineering (BT) exam syllabus.The Ecology MCQ MCQs are made for Biotechnology Engineering (BT) 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Ecology MCQ below.
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Ecology MCQ - Question 1

Two sympatric species congregate on fruit of two closely related species of trees for mating. If someone ask from you that what can be the most important cue used by these fly species to locate their mates from the long distance in the forest?

Detailed Solution for Ecology MCQ - Question 1

As we know, from long distance in forest it is impossible for these flies to recognize fruits for their food by the means like shape and color of the fruit. So, scent is the only possible way which can be utilized by these flies to localize their potential mates by localizing the fruits.

Ecology MCQ - Question 2

The fact that shore crabs feed on intermediate sized mussels and not large sized mussels that will provide them more energy is because:

Detailed Solution for Ecology MCQ - Question 2

According to the optimal foraging theory, natural selection favours the individuals whose foraging behaviour provides them maximum energy with very little energy loss so that the net energy gained remains high.

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Ecology MCQ - Question 3

Which of the following best explains why predators and their prey have similar population cycles?

Detailed Solution for Ecology MCQ - Question 3

As the prey population increases, the predator population also increases. As a result the prey population starts to decrease, which causes the predator population to decrease.

Ecology MCQ - Question 4

Which plant species is more likely to experience allee effects, under low population size conditions?

Detailed Solution for Ecology MCQ - Question 4

Dioecious is a plants species which have the male and female reproductive organs in separate individuals. For such kind of species allee effect will be more predominant because at low population density individuals of one sex also need to seek their potential mates.

Ecology MCQ - Question 5

Which of the following are correct statements about light in aquatic environments?
I. Water selectively reflects and absorbs certain wavelengths of light.
II. Photosynthetic organisms that live in deep water probably utilize red light.
III. Light intensity is an important abiotic factor in limiting the distribution of photosynthetic organisms.

Detailed Solution for Ecology MCQ - Question 5

As light wavelength decreases from red to blue light, so does the ability of light to penetrate water. Blue light penetrates best; green light is second, yellow light is third, followed by orange light and red light. Red light is quickly filtered from water as depth increases and red light effectively never reaches the deep ocean. So, red cannot be utilized by organism which is present in deeper zone of water. As we know light is a very important factor for distribution of photosynthetic aquatic organisms. And separate wavelengths of light reflect and absorb differentially in water.

Ecology MCQ - Question 6

Which of the following is a threatened species?

Detailed Solution for Ecology MCQ - Question 6

Threatened species are any species which are vulnerable to endangerment in the near future.  Koala is a herbivorous marsupial native to Australia and was listed under the threatened species. Species in all other options are already extinct.

Ecology MCQ - Question 7

What are parasitoids?

Detailed Solution for Ecology MCQ - Question 7

Parasitoids are a form of parasitic insects that lay their eggs inside or on living organisms. The larvae usually feed on the body of the host, often killing it.

Ecology MCQ - Question 8

Which of the following is not true with regard to k-selected species

Detailed Solution for Ecology MCQ - Question 8

The k-selected species are those whose populations fluctuate as they reach the carrying capacity. They represent stable populations, and have a few offsprings, lower fecundity, care for their young ones and have extended gestation periods. Only the r-selected species prefer the less crowded ecological niches where they can expand quickly in a short duration.

Ecology MCQ - Question 9

What do the following graphs demonstrate ?

Detailed Solution for Ecology MCQ - Question 9

The two species of Paramecium show competitive exclusion when grown together because one species appears to use limited resources much more efficiently than the other, ultimately eliminating the other species.

Ecology MCQ - Question 10

Which of the following characteristics is a population defined by?
P)  Individuals belong to the same species
Q)  Individuals inhabit the same area
R)  Individuals have larger birth rates than death rates

Detailed Solution for Ecology MCQ - Question 10

The population is a group of individuals belonging to the same species, inhabiting the same area and interbreeding among themselves.

Ecology MCQ - Question 11

An ecologist recorded a population of 15 squirrels per square kilometer in one forest and another containing 25 squirrels per square kilometer in another forest. The ecologist was comparing

Detailed Solution for Ecology MCQ - Question 11

Density is defined as the number of individuals per unit area. Thus, the ecologist was comparing the density of squirrels in the two forests

Ecology MCQ - Question 12

Which of the following do the examples below represent?
Eg 1 : Belding’s squirrel gives alarm calls at the expense of the predator attacking it.
Eg 2 : Lionesses with cubs allow all cubs in the pride to nurse, including those of other females.
These examples represent

Detailed Solution for Ecology MCQ - Question 12

These examples represent altruism which is the selflessness that some animals exhibit and kin selection which can be defined by the coefficient of relatedness or Hamilton’s rule where altruism is directed towards relatives.

*Multiple options can be correct
Ecology MCQ - Question 13

Which of the following cannot be said about exponential growth?

Detailed Solution for Ecology MCQ - Question 13

Exponential growth is not a very sustainable form of growth as resources deplete faster in this case. It does not result in competition as all individuals can use the resources freely and there is no factor which limits their growth.

*Multiple options can be correct
Ecology MCQ - Question 14

Which of the following would be a limiting factor which affects the panda population of China?

Detailed Solution for Ecology MCQ - Question 14

Habitat destruction and damage to bamboo plants on which pandas feed would limit the panda population severely.

*Multiple options can be correct
Ecology MCQ - Question 15

During which of the following cases would an animal not behave territorially?

Detailed Solution for Ecology MCQ - Question 15

When resources are scarce, animals may not gain enough energy to balance the energy needs used in defense. When resources are abundant, the animals need not spend any extra energy in the defense because resources are easily available. During the non-breeding season, animals need not add to the cost of defending a territory which they vigorously do during the breeding season for easy access to a mate.

*Multiple options can be correct
Ecology MCQ - Question 16

Habitat fragmentation can lead to

Detailed Solution for Ecology MCQ - Question 16

Habitat fragmentation leads to increased edges or the boundaries which affect populations negatively. It leads to restricted gene flow between populations living in different patches after fragmentation which is detrimental to their growth. Small areas do not support a large population or animals which need a large area range to live.

*Multiple options can be correct
Ecology MCQ - Question 17

Which of the following are not density-independent factors affecting populations?

Detailed Solution for Ecology MCQ - Question 17

Density dependent factors affecting a population are those factors which depend upon the number of individuals living in a specified area. Due to crowding, diseases spread easily, competition increases and rate of predation also increases. Factors such as natural calamities are density-independent and they can occur regardless of the number of individuals in an area.

*Answer can only contain numeric values
Ecology MCQ - Question 18

In a population of ants, the per capita birth and death rates are 0.04 and 0.02 respectively. If there are 1000 ants in a population, the number of ants added or lost from the population at the end of one year will be  __________ [Answer in integer]


Detailed Solution for Ecology MCQ - Question 18

The birth rate is more than the death rate so the population will increase by the rate 0.04–0.02 = 0.02.
The number of ants added will be 0.02×1000 = 20

*Answer can only contain numeric values
Ecology MCQ - Question 19

A population is growing logistically with a growth rate of 0.15 /week. The maximum growth rate of this population, if carrying capacity of the environment is 400 individuals will be ____________
[Answer upto one decimal place]


Detailed Solution for Ecology MCQ - Question 19

Maximum population growth of a population happen at half of the carrying capacity.
So, at maximum population growth period the size of the population should be 400/2=200 individuals.
So, the formula for logistic population growth is  dN/dt= rN ( 1 – N/K)
dn/dt = 0.15 × 200 (1 – 200/400)
= 0.15 × 200 (0.5)
= 0.15 × 100
= 15 individuals per week

*Answer can only contain numeric values
Ecology MCQ - Question 20

In a population of insects, the number of individuals increase from 50 to 56 in a month. If the birth rate during this period is 0.5, the death rate in the population will be _________
[Answer upto two decimal places]


Detailed Solution for Ecology MCQ - Question 20

If we only consider birth rate in the population then there will a increase of 50 × 0.5 = 25 individuals in the total population. As the actual increase in the population is only 6 individuals, it means there is a death of 19 individual during this session.
So the death rate is, 50 × X = 19, X = 19/50 = 0.38

*Answer can only contain numeric values
Ecology MCQ - Question 21

Fox in Alaska were captured and marked. The first capture resulted in 247 being caught. The second sample caught 173 and 98 had been marked. The estimated population will be ____________
[Answer upto two decimal places]


Detailed Solution for Ecology MCQ - Question 21

Formula for mark and recapture technique = N = (M×C) / R
N = estimated Number of individuals in the population
M = number of individuals captured and Marked
C = total number Captured the second time (with and without a mark)
R = number of individuals Recaptured (those with a mark)
So, N = 247 × 173/ 98
N = 436.03

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