India After Independence, History, Class 8 -Test - Class 8 MCQ

The correct answer is option B: It gave politicians special powers.
Explanation:
The Indian Constitution is a comprehensive document that outlines the fundamental rights, principles, and governance system of India. It has several features that make it unique and significant. However, one of these features is not a part of the Indian Constitution:
- It adopted universal adult franchise: The Indian Constitution grants the right to vote to all adult citizens without any discrimination based on gender, caste, religion, or economic status. This ensures the democratic participation of all individuals in the electoral process.
- It provided equality before law to all citizens: The Indian Constitution guarantees equality before the law and prohibits discrimination on various grounds, including religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. It ensures equal protection of laws for all citizens.
- It offered special privileges for the poorest and most disadvantaged Indians: The Indian Constitution includes provisions for the upliftment and welfare of the marginalized sections of society. It promotes affirmative action through reservation policies in educational institutions, government jobs, and legislative bodies.
- It gave politicians special powers: This statement is incorrect. The Indian Constitution does not grant politicians special powers. Instead, it establishes a system of checks and balances to ensure the separation of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
In conclusion, the Indian Constitution does not give politicians special powers. It focuses on principles such as universal adult franchise, equality before the law, and special privileges for the poorest and most disadvantaged sections of society.

State list contains local importance such as irrigation, agriculture, trade, and commerce. The state government, therefore, makes laws that relate to the above matter.

The Father of the Indian Constitution is Bhimrao Ambedkar.
Here is a detailed explanation:
Introduction:
- The Indian Constitution is the supreme law of India, which lays down the framework that defines the political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers, and duties of the government institutions, and sets out the fundamental rights, directive principles, and responsibilities of citizens.
- Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar, popularly known as Babasaheb Ambedkar, is considered the principal architect of the Indian Constitution.
Bhimrao Ambedkar's Contribution:
- Ambedkar was appointed as the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly in 1947.
- He played a pivotal role in drafting and framing the Indian Constitution.
- Ambedkar spent several years studying and researching constitutions from various countries before formulating the Indian Constitution.
- He ensured that the Constitution reflected the aspirations of the oppressed and marginalized sections of society.
- Ambedkar was instrumental in ensuring the inclusion of social justice, equality, and fundamental rights in the Constitution.
- His vision for a democratic and inclusive society guided the drafting process.
Other Key Contributors:
- While Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar is widely recognized as the Father of the Indian Constitution, several other leaders also made significant contributions during the drafting process.
- Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, played a crucial role in guiding and leading the Constituent Assembly.
- Vallabhbhai Patel, the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of India, also contributed to the framing of the Constitution.
Conclusion:
- Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar's immense dedication and effort in drafting the Indian Constitution make him deserving of the title "Father of the Indian Constitution."
- His vision and commitment to social justice continue to shape the democratic fabric of India.

Background:

The state of Bombay, located in western India, was a bilingual state with a diverse linguistic population. In order to address the linguistic and cultural differences within the state, it was eventually divided into separate states.

Reason for Division:

The division of the state of Bombay was primarily based on the linguistic differences among its population. The aim was to create separate states where the dominant regional languages could be the official language, thus better serving the needs and aspirations of the local people.

Options:

Among the given options, the correct answer is C, which states that the state of Bombay was divided into separate states for Marathi and Gujarati speakers. This decision was made to ensure that each linguistic group had its own state where their language could be promoted and used for official purposes.

Other Options:

The other options provided are not correct because they do not match the actual division that took place.

• A: Marathi and Telugu speakers - Telugu speakers were not a significant linguistic group in Bombay, and they were not the basis for the division of the state.


• B: Marathi and Malayalam speakers - Malayalam speakers are primarily found in the southern state of Kerala, which was not part of the division of Bombay.


• D: Bengali and Gujarati speakers - Bengali speakers are primarily found in the eastern state of West Bengal, and they were not the basis for the division of Bombay.

Conclusion:

The bilingual state of Bombay was divided into separate states for Marathi and Gujarati speakers. This division aimed to address linguistic and cultural differences within the state and provide a better governance structure for the local population.

The Deputy Prime Minister of Independent India was Vallabhbhai Patel.
Explanation:
- Vallabhbhai Patel served as the Deputy Prime Minister of India from 1947 until his death in 1950.
- He was a prominent leader in the Indian independence movement and played a key role in the integration of princely states into the Indian Union.
- Patel was also the Minister of Home Affairs and the first Minister of Information and Broadcasting in the Indian government.
- He was known for his strong leadership and administrative skills, often referred to as the "Iron Man of India."
- Patel played a crucial role in the partition of India and the creation of Pakistan, advocating for the rights and protection of minority communities.
- His efforts in unifying the country earned him the title "The Architect of United India."
- Vallabhbhai Patel's contributions to the nation continue to be celebrated, and he is considered one of the founding fathers of modern India.

The adivasis or the Scheduled Tribes were not granted reservation in seats and jobs.
The statement is False. The adivasis or the Scheduled Tribes were indeed granted reservation in seats and jobs. Here is a detailed explanation:
Reservation for Scheduled Tribes:
- The Constitution of India provides for reservation of seats and jobs for the Scheduled Tribes, also known as adivasis.
- The reservation policy aims to provide representation and opportunities for the upliftment of marginalized communities, including adivasis.
- Scheduled Tribes have been granted reservation in government jobs, educational institutions, and legislative bodies to ensure their participation and representation in various sectors.
Reservation in Seats:
- In educational institutions, a certain percentage of seats are reserved for Scheduled Tribes.
- This reservation allows adivasi students to have access to quality education and equal opportunities for their growth and development.
Reservation in Jobs:
- The reservation policy also extends to government jobs, where a certain percentage of vacancies are reserved for Scheduled Tribes.
- This ensures that adivasis have fair representation and access to employment opportunities in the public sector.
Benefits of Reservation:
- Reservation for Scheduled Tribes helps in addressing historical and social disadvantages faced by adivasis.
- It promotes inclusivity and equal representation in various sectors of society.
- It provides opportunities for adivasis to uplift themselves socio-economically and bridge the gaps of inequality.
In conclusion, the statement that the adivasis or the Scheduled Tribes were not granted reservation in seats and jobs is false. Reservation policies have been implemented to provide representation and opportunities for the upliftment of Scheduled Tribes in various sectors.

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar's Background:
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was a prominent figure in Indian history and a key architect of the Indian Constitution.
- He was born on April 14, 1891, in Mhow, a military cantonment in present-day Madhya Pradesh, India.
- Ambedkar belonged to a dalit (formerly known as untouchable) family, which was considered to be at the lowest rung of the Indian caste system.
Marathi-speaking:
- Ambedkar's native language was Marathi, which is primarily spoken in the Indian state of Maharashtra.
- He grew up speaking Marathi at home and was fluent in the language throughout his life.
Conclusion:
- Based on the given information, it is true that Dr. B. R. Ambedkar belonged to a Marathi-speaking dalit family.

Introduction:
In free India, bridges and dams have been regarded as symbols of development. Let's examine whether this statement is true or false.
Evidence:
- After gaining independence, India embarked on a path of economic growth and development.
- The construction of bridges and dams played a crucial role in this development process.
Explanation:
- Bridges and dams are essential infrastructure projects that contribute to various aspects of development, including transportation, irrigation, and power generation.
- Bridges connect different regions, improving accessibility and facilitating the movement of goods and people. This helps promote trade, tourism, and overall economic growth.
- Dams are crucial for water storage, irrigation, and hydropower generation. They provide a reliable source of water for agriculture, generate electricity, and mitigate the impact of floods and droughts.
- The construction of bridges and dams has been a significant focus of the Indian government's development plans and policies.
- These projects have not only improved the quality of life for people but have also contributed to the overall progress and development of the nation.
Conclusion:
Based on the evidence and explanation provided, it can be concluded that the statement "Bridges and dams became the symbol of development in free India" is true. These infrastructure projects have played a vital role in India's development journey, symbolizing progress and growth.

False: Dharavi is located in Maharashtra, not Gujarat.
Explanation:
Dharavi is a neighborhood located in the city of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, not in Gujarat. Here are the reasons why the statement is false:
1. Geographic Location: Dharavi is situated in Mumbai, which is the capital city of Maharashtra. Gujarat, on the other hand, is a separate state located on the western coast of India.
2. Mumbai Slums: Dharavi is indeed one of the largest slums in the world, but it is not located in Gujarat. It is estimated that Dharavi is home to around one million people, making it a densely populated area.
3. Economic Importance: Despite being a slum, Dharavi plays a significant role in Mumbai's economy. It is known for its thriving informal economy, including various small-scale industries and markets.
In conclusion, Dharavi is a prominent slum area in Mumbai, Maharashtra, and not in Gujarat.

Explanation:
Jawaharlal Nehru and Vallabhbhai Patel were prominent figures in the Indian independence movement and played crucial roles in shaping the future of India. However, it is not accurate to say that they wanted to divide the country on the basis of language.
Reasons:
1. Nehru and Patel were strong advocates of a united and pluralistic India. They both firmly believed in the idea of a diverse and inclusive nation where people from different linguistic backgrounds could coexist.
2. The Indian National Congress, led by Nehru and Patel, actively worked towards promoting national integration and eradicating divisions based on language, religion, and other factors.
3. Nehru, as the first Prime Minister of India, emphasized the importance of unity and worked towards establishing a strong central government that could effectively govern the entire country.
4. Patel, as the first Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Home Affairs, played a key role in the integration of princely states into the Indian Union, further consolidating the idea of a united India.
Conclusion:
Nehru and Patel were instrumental in laying the foundation of a united India and promoting the idea of unity in diversity. They were committed to building a nation that transcended linguistic, regional, and religious barriers. Their efforts were focused on creating a secular and inclusive India rather than dividing it on the basis of language.