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A particle is executing simple harmonic motion with a time period T. At time t = 0, it is at its position of equilibrium. The kinetic energy-time graph of the particle will look like :
The temperature of an open room of volume 30 m3 increases from 17°C to 27°C due to the sunshine. The atmospheric pressure in the room remains 1 × 105 Pa. If ni and nf are the number of molecules in the room before and after heating, then nf – ni will be
n1 = initial number of moles;
n2 = final number of moles
Change of number of molecules
nf – ni = (n2 – n1) × 6.023 × 1023
≈ – 2.5 × 1025
Which of the following statements is false?
In a balanced Wheatstone bridge, the null point remains unchanged even if cell and galvanometer are interchanged.
The following observations were taken for determining surface tension T of water by capillary method:
diameter of capillary, D = 1.25 × 10–2 m
rise of water, h = 1.45 × 10–2 m.
Using g = 9.80 m/s2 and the simplified relation the possible error in surface tension is closest to
= 0.8 + 0.689
= 1.489
≈ 1.5%
In amplitude modulation, sinusoidal carrier frequency used is denoted by ωc and the signal frequency is denoted by ωm. The bandwidth (Δωm) of the signal is such that Δωm << ωmc. Which of the following frequencies is not contained in the modulated wave?
Modulated wave has frequency range.
ωc ± ωm
∴ Since ωc >> ωm
∴ ωm is excluded.
A diverging lens with magnitude of focal length 25 cm is placed at a distance of 15 cm from a converging lens of magnitude of focal length 20 cm. A beam of parallel light falls on the diverging lens. The final image formed is
For converging lens
u = –40 cm which is equal to 2f
∴ Image will be real and at a distance of 40 cm from convergent lens.
The moment of inertia of a uniform cylinder of length ℓ and radius R about its perpendicular bisector is I. What is the ratio ℓ /R such that the moment of inertia is minimum?
An electron beam is accelerated by a potential difference V to hit a metallic target to produce X-rays. It produces continuous as well as characteristic X-rays. If λmin is the smallest possible wavelength of X-ray in the spectrum, the variation of log λmin with log V is correctly represented in
In X-ray tube
Slope is negative
Intercept on y-axis is positive
A radioactive nucleus A with a half life T, decays into a nucleus B. At t = 0, there is no nucleus B. At sometime t, the ratio of the number of B to that of A is 0.3. Then, t is given by
An electric dipole has a fixed dipole moment which makes angle θ with respect to x-axis. When subjected to an electric field
it experiences a torque
When subjected to another electric field
it experiences a torque
The angle θ is
From (i) and (ii)
In a common emitter amplifier circuit using an n-p-n transistor, the phase difference between the input and the output voltages will be
In common emitter configuration for n-p-n transistor, phase difference between output and input voltage is 180°.
Cp and Cv are specific heats at constant pressure and constant volume respectively. It is observed that
Cp – Cv = a for hydrogen gas
Cp – Cv = b for nitrogen gas
The correct relation between a and b is :
Let molar heat capacity at constant pressure = Xp and molar heat capacity at constant volume = Xv
Xp – Xv =R
MCp – MCv = R
Cp – Cv = R/M
For hydrogen; a = R/2
For N2; b = R/28
a/b = 14
a = 14b
A copper ball of mass 100 gm is at a temperature T. It is dropped in a copper calorimeter of mass 100 gm, filled with 170 gm of water at room temperature. Subsequently, the temperature of the system is found to be 75°C. T is given by :
(Given : room temperature = 30°C, specific heat of copper = 0.1 cal/gm°C)
100 × 0.1 × (t – 75) = 100 × 0.1 × 45 + 170 × 1 × 45
10t – 750 = 450 + 7650
10t = 1200 + 7650
10t = 8850
t = 885°C
A body of mass m = 10–2 kg is moving in a medium and experiences a frictional force F = –kv2. Its initial speed is v0 = 10 ms–1. If, after 10 s, its energy is 1/8 mv02 the value of k will be
When a current of 5 mA is passed through a galvanometer having a coil of resistance 15 Ω, it shows full scale deflection. The value of the resistance to be put in series with the galvanometer to convert it into a voltmeter of range 0-10 V is
ig = 5 × 10–3 A
G = 15 Ω
Let series resistance be R.
V = ig (R + G)
10 = 5 × 10–3 (R + 15)
R = 2000 – 15 = 1985 = 1.985 × 103 Ω
A slender uniform rod of mass M and length l is pivoted at one end so that it can rotate in a vertical plane (see figure). There is negligible friction at the pivot. The free end is held vertically above the pivot and then released. The angular acceleration of the rod when it makes an angle θ with the vertical is
Torque at angle θ
Some energy levels of a molecule are shown in the figure. The ratio of the wavelengths r = λ1/λ2, is given by
From energy level diagram
A man grows into a giant such that his linear dimensions increase by a factor of 9. Assuming that his density remains same, the stress in the leg will change by a factor of
∵ Density remains same
So, mass ∝ Volume
In a coil of resistance 100 Ω, a current is induced by changing the magnetic flux through it as shown in the figure. The magnitude of change in flux through the coil is
Magnitude of change in flux = R × area under current vs time graph
In a Young's double slit experiment, slit s are separated by 0.5 mm, and the screen is placed 150 cm away. A beam of light consisting of two wavelengths, 650 nm and 520 nm, is used to obtain interference fringes on the screen. The least distance from the common central maximum to the point where the bright fringes due to both the wavelengths coincide is
A magnetic needle of magnetic moment 6.7 × 10–2 Am2 and moment of inertia 7.5 × 10–6 kg m2 is performing simple harmonic oscillations in a magnetic field of 0.01 T. Time taken for 10 complete oscillations is
For 10 oscillations,
t = 10T = 2π × 1.06
= 6.6568 ≈ 6.65 s
The variation of acceleration due to gravity g with distance d from centre of the earth is best represented by (R = Earth's radius) :
Variation of g inside earth surface
In the above circuit the current in each resistance is
The potential difference in each loop is zero.
∴ No current will flow.
with a particle B of mass m/2 which is at rest. Thecollision is head on, and elastic. The ratio of the de-Broglie wavelengths λA to λB after the collision is
An external pressure P is applied on a cube at 0°C so that it is equally compressed from all sides. K is the bulk modulus of the material of the cube and a is its coefficient of linear expansion. Suppose we want to bring the cube to its original size by heating. The temperature should be raised by :
A time dependent force F = 6t acts on a particle of mass 1 kg. If the particle starts from rest, the work done by the force during the first 1 second will be
An observer is moving with half the speed of light towards a stationary microwave source emitting waves at frequency 10 GHz. What is the frequency of the microwave measured by the observer? (speed of light = 3 × 108 ms–1)
For relativistic motion
; v = relative speed of approach
In the given circuit diagram when the current reaches steady state in the circuit, the charge on the capacitor of capacitance C will be :
In steady state, flow of current through capacitor will be zero.
A capacitance of 2 μF is required in an electrical circuit across a potential difference of 1.0 kV. A large number of 1 μF capacitors are available which can withstand a potential difference of not more than 300 V.
The minimum number of capacitors required to achieve this is
Following arrangement will do the needful :
8 capacitors of 1μF in parallel with four such branches in series.
A body is thrown vertically upwards. Which one of the following graphs correctly represent the velocity vs time?
Acceleration is constant and negative
Which of the following compounds will form significant amount of meta product during mono-nitration reaction?
(a) Nitration reactions take place in presence of concentrated HNO3+ concentrated H2SO4.
(b) Aniline acts as a base. In presence of H2SO4, its protonation takes place and anilinium ion is formed
(c)Anilinium ion is a strongly deactivating group and meta directing in nature so it gives meta nitration product in a significant amount.
For adiabatic process, q = 0
∴ As per 1st law of thermodynamics,
ΔU = W
The increasing order of the reactivity of the following halides for the SN1 reaction is
Rate of SN1 reaction ∝ stability of carbocation
So, II < I < III
Increase stability of carbocation and hence increase reactivity of halides.
The radius of the second Bohr orbit for hydrogen atom is
(Planck's Const. h = 6.6262 × 10–34 Js;
mass of electron = 9.1091 × 10–31 kg;
charge of electron e = 1.60210 × 10–19 C;
permittivity of vacuum
ε0 = 8.854185 × 10–12 kg–1 m–3 A2)
= 2.12 Å
pKa of a weak acid (HA) and pKb of a weak base(BOH) are 3.2 and 3.4, respectively, The pH of their salt (AB) solution is
= 6.9
The formation of which of the following polymers involves hydrolysis reaction?
Caprolactam is hydrolysed to produce caproic acid which undergoes condensation to produce Nylon-6.
The most abundant elements by mass in the body of a healthy human adult are :
Oxygen (61.4%); Carbon (22.9%); Hydrogen (10.0%) and Nitrogen (2.6%).
The weight which a 75 kg person would gain if all 1H atoms are replaced by 2H atoms is
Mass of hydrogen = 10/100 x 75 = 7.5 kg
Replacing 1H by 2H would replace 7.5 kg with 15 kg
∴ Net gain = 7.5 kg
Which of the following, upon treatment with tert-BuONa followed by addition of bromine water, fails to decolourize the colour of bromine?
The above product does not have any C = C or C ≡ C bond, so, it will not give Br2-water test.
In the following reactions, ZnO is respectively acting as a/an
(a) ZnO + Na2O → Na2ZnO2
(b) ZnO + CO2 → ZnCO3
In (a), ZnO acts as acidic oxide as Na2
O is basic oxide.
In (b), ZnO acts as basic oxide as CO2
is acidic oxide.
Both lithium and magnesium display several similar properties due to the diagonal relationship, however, the one which is incorrect, is
Mg forms basic carbonate
3MgCO3 · Mg(OH)2 ·3H2O but no such basic carbonate is formed by Li.
3-Methyl-pent-2-ene on reaction with HBr in presence of peroxide forms an addition product. The number of possible stereoisomers for the product is
Since product (X) contains two chiral centres and it is unsymmetrical.
So, its total stereoisomers = 22 = 4.
A metal crystallises in a face centred cubic structure. If the edge length of its unit cell is 'a', the closest approach between two atoms in metallic crystal will be
In FCC, one of the face is like
By ΔABC,
2a2 = 16r2
Distance of closest approach = 2r = a/√2
Two reactions R1 and R2 have identical pre - exponential factors. Activation energy of R1 exceeds that of R2 by 10 kJ mol–1. If k1 and k2 are rate constants for reactions R1 and R2 respectively at 300 K, then ln (k1/ k2) is equal to
(R = 8.314 J mole–1 K–1)
The correct sequence of reagents for the following conversion will be
The Tyndall effect is observed only when following conditions are satisfied
(a) The diameter of the dispersed particles is much smaller than the wavelength of the light used.
(b) The diameter of the dispersed particle is not much smaller than the wavelength of the light used
(c) The refractive indices of the dispersed phase and dispersion medium are almost similar in magnitude
(d) The refractive indices of the dispersed phase and dispersion medium differ greatly in magnitude
For Tyndall effect refractive index of dispersion phase and dispersion medium must differ significantly. Secondly, size of dispersed phase should not differ much from wavelength used.
Which of the following compounds will behave as a reducing sugar in an aqueous KOH solution?
Sugars in which there is free anomeric –OH group are reducing sugars
Given
C(graphite) + O2(g) →CO2(g);
ΔrHº = –393.5 kJ mol–1
H2(g) + 1/2 O2 (g) → H2O(l);
ΔrH0 = -285.8 kJ mol-1
CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) → CH4(g) + 2O2(g);
ΔrH0 = +890.3 kJ mol-1
Based on the above thermochemical equations, the value of ΔrHº at 298 K for the reaction
C(graphite) + 2H2(g) → CH4(g) wil1 be
By applying the operation
(i) + 2 × (ii) + (iii), we get
Which of the following reactions is an example of a redox reaction?
Xe is oxidised from +4(in XeF4) to +6(in XeF6)
Oxygen is reduced from +1 (in O2F2) to zero (in O2)
The products obtained when chlorine gas reacts with cold and dilute aqueous NaOH are
The major product obtained in the following reaction is
Sodium salt of an organic acid 'X' produces effervescence with conc. H2SO4. 'X' reacts with the acidified aqueous CaCl2 solution to give a white precipitate which decolourises acidic solution of KMnO4. 'X' is
Which of the following species is not paramagnetic?
CO has 14 electrons (even) ∴ it is diamagnetic
NO has 15e-(odd) ∴ it is paramagnetic and has 1 unpaired electron in π*2p molecular orbital.
B2 has 10e- (even) but still paramagnetic and has two unpaired electrons in π2px and π2py (s-p mixing).
O2 has 16 e- (even) but still paramagnetic and has two unpaired electrons in π*2px and π*2py molecular
The freezing point of benzene decreases by 0.45ºC when 0.2 g of acetic acid is added to 20 g of benzene. If acetic acid associates to form a dimer in benzene, percentage association of acetic acid in benzene will be
(Kf for benzene = 5.12 K kg mol–1)
⇒ i = 0.527
α = 0.946
∴ % association = 94.6%
Which of the following molecules is least resonance stabilized?
However, all molecules given in options are stabilised by resonance but compound given in option (4) is least resonance stabilised (other three are aromatic)
On treatment of 100 mL of 0.1 M solution of CoCl3 × 6H2O with excess AgNO3; 1.2 × 1022 ions are precipitated. The complex is
Millimoles of AgNO3 =
Millimoles of CoCl3·6H2O = 0.1 × 100 = 10
∴ Each mole of CoCl3·6H2O gives two chloride ions.
∴ [Co(H2O)5Cl]Cl2-H2O
The major product obtained in the following reaction is
DIBAL — H reduces esters and carboxylic acids into aldehydes
A water sample has ppm level concentration of following anions
F- = 10; SO42- = 100; NO3- = 50
The anion/anions that make/makes the water sample unsuitable for drinking is/are
Permissible limit of F– in drinking water is upto 1 ppm. Excess concentration of F–
> 10 ppm causes decay of bones.
1 gram of a carbonate (M2CO3) on treatment with excess HCl produces 0.01186 mole of CO2. The molar mass of M2CO3 in g mol-1 is
M2CO3 + 2HCl → 2MCl + H2O + CO2
Given
Among the following, the strongest reducing agent is
Positive E° is for Cr, hence it is strongest reducing agent.
The group having isoelectronic species is
Mg2+, Na+, O2– and F– all have 10 electrons each.
Let k be an integer such that the triangle with vertices (k, –3k), (5, k) and (–k, 2) has area 28 sq. units. Then the orthocentre of this triangle is at the point
(k2 - 7k+ 10) + 4k2 + 20k = ± 56
5k2 +13k+ 10 = ± 56
= 2, –4.6
Equation of AD,
x = 2 ...(i)
Also equation of BE,
2y -4=x - 5
x - 2y-1 = 0 ...(ii)
Solving (i) & (ii), 2y = 1
y = 1/2
Orthocentre is
If, for a positive integer n, the quadratic equation, x(x + 1) + (x + 1) (x + 2) + .....
+ (x + n -1 ) (x + n) = 10n has two consecutive integral solutions, then n is equal to
The function defined as
is
f '(x) changes sign in different intervals.
∴ Not injective.
yx2 - x+ y = 0
For y ≠ 0
For, y = 0 ⇒ x = 0
∴ Part of range
∴ Surjective but not injective.
The following statement (p → q) → [(~ p → q) → q] is
If S is the set of distinct values of b for which the following system of linear equations
x +y+ z = 1
x +ay+ z = 1
ax + by+ z = 0
has no solution, then S is
⇒ –(1 – a)2 = 0
⇒ a = 1
For a = 1
Eq. (1) & (2) are identical i.e.,x + y + z = 1
To have no solution with x + by + z = 0
b = 1
The area (in sq. units) of the region {(x, y) : x ≥ 0, x + y ≤ 3, x2 ≤ 4 y and y ≤ 1 + √x} is
Area of shaded region
= 5/2 sq. unit
For any three positive real numbers a, b and c, 9(25a2 +b2 )+ 25(c2 - 3ac ) = 15b(3a + c ). Then
9(25a2 + b2) + 25 (c2 - 3ac) = 15b (3a + c)
⇒ (15a)2 + (3b)2 + (5c)2 - 45ab - 15bc - 75ac = 0
⇒ (15a - 3b)2 + (3b - 5c)2 + (15a - 5c)2 = 0
It is possible when
15a - 3b= 0 and 3b -5c= 0 and 15a - 5c= 0
15a = 3b= 5c
∴ b, c, a are in A.P.
A man X has 7 friends, 4 of them are ladies and 3 are men. His wife Y also has 7 friends, 3 of them are ladies and 4 are men. Assume X and Y have no common friends. Then the total number of ways in which X and Y together can throw a party inviting 3 ladies and 3 men, so that 3 friends of each of X and Y are in this party, is
The normal to the curve y (x -2)( x- 3) = x + 6 at the point where the curve intersects the y-axis passes through the point
y (x -2)( x- 3) = x + 6
At y-axis, x = 0, y = 1
Now, on differentiation.
Now slope of normal = –1
Equation of normal y – 1 = –1(x – 0)
y + x – 1 = 0 ... (i)
Line (i) passes through (1/2,1/2)
A hyperbola passes through the point P(√2,√3) and has foci at (±2, 0). Then the tangent to this hyperbola at P also passes through the point
a2 +b2= 4
⇒ b2 = 3
∴ a2= 1
∴ Tangent at
Clearly it passes through (2√2, 3√3 )
Let a, b, c ∈ R. If f(x) = ax2 + bx + c is such that a + b + c = 3 and
then is equal to
As, f (x + y)= f (x) + f (y) + xy
Given, f (1) = 3
Putting, x =y= 1 ⇒ f (2) = 2f (1)+ 1 = 7
Similarly, x = 1,y= 2 ⇒ f (3) =f (1)+ f (2) + 2 = 12
= 3 + 7 + 12 + 18 + ... = S (let)
Now, S = 3+ 7 + 12 + 18 + ... +tn
Again, S = 3+7 + 12 + ... +tn -1 + tn
We get, tn = 3+ 4 + 5 + ... terms
Let and
be a vector such that
and the angle between
be 30°. Then
is equal to
Let a vertical tower AB have its end A on the level ground. Let C be the mid-point of AB and P be a point on the ground such that AP = 2AB. If ∠BPC = β then tan β is
Twenty meters of wire is available for fencing off a flower-bed in the form of a circular sector. Then the maximum area (in sq. m) of the flower-bed, is
2r + θr =20 ... (i)
A to be maximum
Hence for r = 5, A is maximum
Now, 10 + θ·5 = 20 ⇒ θ = 2 (radian)
If ( 2 + sinx) dy/dx + (y + 1)cos x = 0 and y(0) = 1, then y(π/2) is equal to
ln| y + 1 |+ ln (2 + sinx ) = lnC
(y + 1) (2+ sinx ) = C
Put x = 0, y = 1
(1 + 1)× 2 = C ⇒ C = 4
Now, ( y +1) (2+ sinx ) = 4
( y +1) (2+ 1) = 4
Let In = tann xdx,(n > 1). If I4 +I6= a tan5 x + bx5 + C, where C is a constant of integration, then the ordered pair (a, b) is equal to
Let tanx = t
sec2x dx = dt
Let ω be a complex number such that 2ω + 1 = z where z =√-3 . If
then k is equal to
2ω + 1 = z , z = √3i
C1 → C1 + C2 + C3
= 3 (ω2 - ω4)
= -3√3i
= –3z
∴ k = –z
The value of
(21C1 - 10C1) + (21C2 - 10C2) + (21C3 - 10C3) + (21C4 - 10C4) +... + (21C10 - 10C10) is
21C1 + 21C2 +... + 21C10 = 1/2 {21C0 + 21C1 +... + 21C21}-1
= 220 – 1
(10C1 + 10C2 +... + 10C10) = 210 -1
∴ Required sum = (220 – 1) – (210 – 1)
= 220 – 210
= 1/16.
If 5 (tan2x – cos2x) = 2cos 2x + 9, then the value of cos 4x is
5 tan2x = 9 cos2x + 7
5 sec2x – 5 = 9 cos2x + 7
Let cos2x = t
cos4x = 2 cos2 2x – 1
If the image of the point P(1, –2, 3) in the plane, 2x + 3y – 4z + 22 = 0 measured parallel to the line, x/1 = y/4 = z/5 is Q, then PQ is equal to
Equation of PQ,
Let M be (λ+1, 4λ- 2, 5λ+ 3)
As it lies on 2x + 3y – 4z + 22 = 0
λ = 1
For Q, λ = 2
Distance PQ
=
The distance of the point (1, 3, –7) from the plane passing through the point (1, –1, –1), having normal perpendicular to both the lines and
is
Let the plane be
a(x - 1)+ b( y + 1) + c(z +1) = 0
It is perpendicular to the given lines
a – 2b + 3c = 0
Solving, a : b : c = 5 : 7 : 3
∴ The plane is 5x + 7y + 3z + 5 = 0
Distance of (1, 3, –7) from this plane = 10/√83
If for x∈ the derivative of tan -1
is √x × g(x) , then g(x) equals
The radius of a circle, having minimum area, which touches the curve y = 4 – x2 and the lines, y = |x| is
x2 =-(y -4)
Let a point on the parabola
Equation of normal at P is
It passes through centre of circle, say (0, k)
(Length of perpendicular from (0, k) to y = x)
Equation of circle is
It passes through point P
t4 +t2 (8k- 28) + 8k2 - 128k + 256 = 0
For t = ⇒ k2 - 16k+ 32 = 0
k = 8±4√2
(14 - 4k )2+ (14 - 4k ) (8k - 28) + 8k2 -128k + 256 = 0
2k2 +4k-15 = 0
From (iii) & (iv),
But from options, r = 4(√2-1)
A box contains 15 green and 10 yellow balls. If 10 balls are randomly drawn, one-by-one, with replacement, then the variance of the number of green balls drawn is
n = 10
p(Probability of drawing a green ball) = 15/25
The eccentricity of an ellipse whose centre is at the origin is 1/2. If one of its directrices is x = – 4, then
the equation of the normal to it at is
x = –4
-a= -4 x e
a = 2
Now, b2 =a2 (1- e2 ) = 3
Equation to ellipse
Equation of normal is
If two different numbers are taken from the set {0, 1, 2, 3, ......, 10}; then the probability that their sum as well as absolute difference are both multiple of 4, is
Total number of ways = 11C2 = 55
Favourable ways are
(0, 4), (0, 8), (4, 8), (2, 6), (2, 10), (6, 10)
Probability = 6/55
For three events A, B and C, P (Exactly one of A or B occurs) = P(Exactly one of B or C occurs) = P (Exactly one of C or A occurs) = 1/4 and P(All the three events occur simultaneously) = 1/16 Then the probability that at least one of the events occurs, is
,then adj (3A2 + 12A) is equal to
= (2 – 2λ- λ + λ2 ) - 12
f (λ)= λ2 - 3λ - 10
∵ A satisfies f (λ )
∴ A2 – 3A –10I = 0
A2 – 3A = 10I
3A2 – 9A = 30I
3A2 + 12A = 30I + 21A
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