Jharkhand (JSSC) PRT Paper III Mock Test - 3 - Jharkhand (JSSC) PRT/TGT MCQ

The correct answer is Odisha

Key Points

• The Odisha Cabinet approved provision of Rs. 5700 crores for implementation of a State sector scheme 'Interest Subsidy-Subvention' under which interest-free crop loans of up to Rs. 1 lakh would be made available to farmers

The correct answer is Wular Lake.

Key Points

• Wular Lake is in the Jammu and Kashmir state of India.
• It is the largest freshwater lake in South Asia.
• The lake basin was formed as a result of tectonic activity and is fed by the Jhelum River and stream Madhumati.
• This lake is 16 km in length and 9.6 km in width.
• In 1990, it was designated as a Wetland of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention.

Additional Information

• Lake Baikal is the largest and deepest freshwater lake in the world by volume.
• The Caspian Sea is the largest saltwater lake in the world whereas Sambhar lake of Rajasthan is India’s largest inland saltwater lake.
• Chilka lake is India’s largest brackish water saline lake.
• Marovo Lagoon is the largest saltwater lagoon in the World located in the New Georgia Islands.
• Canada has the most number of lakes in the world with more than 8.5 lakh lakes.

The Correct Answer is Zaire.

Key Points

• The Zaire River(Congo River) is the second-longest river in Africa, shorter only than the Nile, as well as the second-largest river in the world by discharge volume, following only the Amazon.
• It's also the world's deepest channel, with estimated depths of over 220 metres.
• The Congo-Lualaba-Chambeshi River System is the world's ninth longest river, with a total length of 4,700 km.
• The Chambeshi is a tributary of the Lualaba River, which flows for 1,800 kilometres upstream of Boyoma Falls.
• The Congo River is 4,370 kilometres long when combined with the Lualaba, its largest tributary.
• It is the only big river in the world to pass across the equator twice. The Congo Basin covers approximately 4,000,000 km² or 13% of the total African landmass.
• The Congo River and its tributaries flow through the Congo Rainforest, the world's second-largest rain forest, second only to South America's Amazon Rainforest.

The correct answer is 91st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003.

The correct answer is 1920.

Key Points

• Gandhiji's 1920 Non-Cooperation Movement had a significant impact on the Hazaribagh district.
• Several students quit their classes and joined the movement instead of continuing their studies.
• A few lawyers quit their jobs to join the cause. Additionally, the District Congress Committee was formed.
• In 1921, the movement gained further traction.
• Shri Rajendra Prasad visited this area and delivered speeches at events in the Chatra and Hazaribagh districts. ​

Important Points

• At Giridih, there was a riot which the police quickly put down. Additionally, there was an effort to boycott local schools.
• National schools were established at Chatra, Hazaribagh, and Dhanwar.
• A split occurred in the All India Congress organisation following the tragedy of Chauri Chaura early in 1922.
• Shri C.R. Das and Shri Motilal Nehru founded the Swaraj party to contest the elections.
• The Hazaribagh district also felt the effects of it.
• When the elections for the Provincial Legislative Council came up in 1923.
• Shri Krishna Ballav Sahay, the Swaraj party's nominee, was elected from this district with a resounding victory.

The correct answer is Rupaka

Key Points

• The silver coins issued by the Guptas were called Rupaka
• The silver coin was called Rupaka based on Sakas of Ujjaini weighing 32-36 grains.
• The Gupta gold coins are known as Dinars.
• However, according to Fa – Hsien, cowries were the common means of exchange in the Gupta period.​

Gupta Dynasty:-

• The founder of the Gupta dynasty was Sri Gupta.
• He was succeeded by Ghatotkacha. These two were called Maharajas.
• The next ruler was Chandragupta I and he was the first to be called Maharajadhiraja.
• Chandragupta, I was succeeded by Samudragupta in about 330 A.D., who reigned for about fifty years.
• He was a great military genius and is said to have commanded a military campaign across the Deccan, and also subdued the forest tribes of the Vindhya region.
• Samudragupta's successor Chandragupta II, also known as Vikramaditya, conquered the extensive territories of Malwa, Gujarat, and Kathiawar.

Additional Information

• Some famous events during the rule of Gupta Kings:
• The famous Chinese pilgrim, Fahien visited India during the reign of Chandragupta II.
• Out of his nine years of stay in India, he spent six years in the Gupta empire.
• Chandragupta II waged war against the Saka satraps of western India.
• Rudrasimha III, the last ruler of the Saka satrap was defeated, dethroned, and killed. His territories in western Malwa and the Kathiawar Peninsula were annexed into the Gupta Empire.
• Kumaragupta laid the foundation of Nalanda University.

The correct answer is Aryabhatiyam.

Key Points

• Aryabhatta was a well-known mathematician and astronomer.
• He wrote a book in Sanskrit called Arabhatiyam.
• In the book, he stated that day and night was caused by the rotation of Earth on its axis.
• He even developed scientific explanations of eclipses.
• He also found a way to calculate the circumference of a circle.

Thus, we can say that Aryabhatta wrote a book called Aryabhatiyam.

Additional Information

• Other mathematicians and astronomers were Varahamihira, Brahmagupta and Bhaskaracharya.

The correct answer is 1962.Key Points

• The India- China war took place in 1962.​

Additional Information

• India was attacked on October 20, 1962, in what famously came to be known as the Sino-India war of 1962.
  • The war continued for about a month and ended on November 21, after China declared a ceasefire.
  • When China announced that it would be occupying Tibet, India sent a letter of protest proposing negotiations on the Tibet issue.
  • China was more active in deploying troops on the Aksai Chin border.
  • India was so concerned about its relations with China that it did not even attend a conference for the conclusion of a peace treaty with Japan because China was not invited.
  • In 1954, China and India concluded the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence i.e. Panchsheel principles.
    • Under this agreement, India acknowledged Chinese rule in Tibet.
  • Chinese maps showed some 120,000 square kilometres of Indian territory as Chinese.
  • China felt humiliated by the reception Dalai Lama obtained in India when he fled there in March 1959.
  • Tensions increased between the two nations when Mao stated that the Lhasa rebellion in Tibet was caused by Indians.
  • China's perception of India as a threat to its rule of Tibet became one of the most prominent reasons for the Sino-Indian War.
  • On October 20, 1962, China's People's Liberation Army invaded India in Ladakh, and across the McMahon Line in the then North-East Frontier Agency.
  • The Chinese also cut Indian telephone lines, preventing the defenders from making contact with their headquarters.
  • India, thinking that war would not take place, did not prepare itself for the war.
  • The war ended on November 21, after China declared a ceasefire.
  • According to China's official military history, the war achieved China's policy objectives of securing borders in its western sector.

The correct answer is Madhya Pradesh

Key Points

• Bhimbetka in Madhya Pradesh boasts of pre-historic rock shelters and some of the finest prehistoric cave paintings in South Asia.
• Located 45 km south of Bhopal, on the southern edge of the Vindhyachal hills, Bhimbetka was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2003.
• Archaeologists are of the opinion that the caves might have been occupied over 10,000 years ago.

• The Bhimbetka paintings reflect division of labour based on gender. Men are depicted hunting while women are painted gathering food.

Hence, the correct answer is Madhya Pradesh.

Mahatma Gandhi launched a Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922) against the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.

• Jallianwala Bagh Massacre also called the Massacre of Amritsar was an incident held on 13 April 1919 in which British troops fired on a large crowd of unarmed Indians in an open space known as Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar in Punjab.
• When many villagers gathered in the park for the celebration of Baisakhi.
• The gatherers wanted to do also peacefully protect the arrest and deportation of two national, leaders, Satyapal and Saifuddin Kitchlew.

Additional Information
Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922)- The non-cooperation movement was a political campaign launched in 1920, by Mahatma Gandhi to have Indians revoke their cooperation with the British government, with the aim of inducing the British to grant self-governance.

• ​In support of this movement, thousands of students left government-controlled schools and colleges.
• Many lawyers such as Motilal Nehru, C. R.Das, and Asaf Ali gave up their practices
• British titles were surrendered and the legislature was boycotted.
• But Gandhi Ji called off this movement when in February 1922 a crowd of peasants set fire to a police state in Chauri Chaura, Uttar Pradesh.​

Rowlett Satyagraha-

On 6 April 1919, Mahatma Gandhi started a non-violent Satyagraha against the unjust Rowlatt Act passed by the British government.

• The Rowlatt Act was the popular name for the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919 passed by the British Indian government.
• The Act gave the government the power to imprison any person suspected of terrorist activities for a maximum period of two years without trial.

Khilafat Movement 1920- The Khilafat movement was launched under the leadership of the Ali Brothers (Maulana Mohammed Ali and Maulana Shaukat Ali).

• It got the support from Mahatma Gandhi to persuade the British government not to abolish the caliphate.

Civil Disobedience Movement- began with Gandhi's it is well-known as Dandi-March.

• it led a large group of people from Sabarmati ashram on 12 March 1930 till Dandi to break the salt law by producing salt from seawater under the leadership of Gandhiji.​

The Correct answer is Takshila.

Key Points

• Takshashila was an early Buddhist centre of learning.
• Takshashila is described in some detail later in Jātaka tales, around the 5th century AD.
• It became a noted centre of learning at least several centuries before Christ and continued to
  attract students until the destruction of the city in the 5th century AD.
• Takshashila is perhaps best known because of its association with Chanakya.
  • The famous treatise Arthashastra (Sanskrit for the knowledge of Economics) by Chanakya, is said to have been composed in Takshashila itself.
• Chanakya was an Indian teacher, philosopher, economist, jurist, and royal advisor.

Additional Information

• Nalanda University:
  • It is Formed By Emperor Kumar Gupta In The Fifth Century A.D.
  • Dharmapala revived Nalanda University.
  • The Leading Centre of Teaching of Mahayana Buddhism.
  • At The End Of the 12th Century, Invader Bakhityar Khilji Demolished The Monastery, Killed The Monks, And Burned The Valuable Library.
• Vaishali: ​​
  • Vaishali was the capital of Vajji Mahajanapada.
  • The kingdom was situated in Bihar to the north of the river Ganga.
  • It covered the districts of Vaishali and Muzaffarpur in Bihar.
• Ujjain:
  • Ujjain was known as 'Avantika' in ancient times.
  • Ujjayini was the capital of the Avanti kingdom.
  • Ujjain was the seat of the emperor Ashoka during the 2nd century BCE.
  • Ujjain is one of the sites of the famous Hindu festival Kumbh Mela.
  • The famous ancient writer Kalidasa was born in Ujjain

The correct answer is To stem rising tide of nationalism.

Important Points

• The Partition of Bengal was the decision of separating eastern parts of Bengal from the rest of Bengal.
• On 20th July 1905, Lord Curzon announced the partition of the undivided Bengal Presidency.
• The Presidency was the most populous province in India, with around 8 crore people, and comprised the present-day states of West Bengal, Bihar, parts of Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and Assam, as well as today’s Bangladesh.
• The reason given for the decision was that Bengal with a population of 78 million had become too big to be administered which was true to some extent.
  • The real motives behind the partition plan were the British desire to weaken Bengal.
• As per Curzon, after the partition, the two provinces would be Bengal (including modern West Bengal, Odisha, and Bihar) and Eastern Bengal and Assam.
• The general protest in the rest of the country was against this partition. The people saw through the ‘divide and rule policy of the British authorities.

Nicholas II was the Czar of Russia during Bloody Sunday.

Key Points

• The Industrial Revolution came to Russia much later compared to the rest of Europe.
• When it did, it bought with a multitude of political and social changes.
• The Industrial Revolution in Russia doubled the population in urban areas such as St Petersburg and Moscow, putting a strain on the infrastructure of the cities and leading to overcrowding and pollution.
• The result was a new level of destitution of the urban working class.
• The population boom did not have the food supply to sustain it in the long run, as decades of economic mismanagement and costly wars lead to chronic shortages in the vast country from time to time.
• Under the weak-willed Romanov Czar Nicholas II, who ascended to the throne in 1894, Russia had become more corrupt and oppressive than ever before.
• In response to their present conditions the Russian people, composed mainly of workers marched to the Winter Palace of Czar Nicholas II on January 22 1905.
• When the procession of workers led by Father Gapon reached the Winter Palace it was attacked by the police and the Cossacks.
• Over 100 workers were killed and about 300 wounded.

• The incident, known as Bloody Sunday, started a series of events that became known as the 1905 Revolution.

Hence, we can conclude that Nicholas II was the Czar in Russia during Bloody Sunday.

The correct answer is Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere.

Key Points

The atmosphere around the earth:

• The atmosphere consists of different layers with varying density and temperature.
• The column of the atmosphere is divided into five different layers depending upon the temperature condition.
• They are troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.

Important Point

The troposphere

• It is the lowermost layer of the atmosphere.
• Its average height is 13 km and extends roughly to a height of 8 km near the poles and about 18 km at the equator.
• The thickness of the troposphere is greatest at the equator because heat is transported to great heights by strong convectional currents.
• This layer contains dust particles and water vapour.
• All changes in climate and weather take place in this layer.
• The temperature in this layer decreases at the rate of 1°C for every 165m of height.
• This is the most important layer for all biological activity.

The stratosphere

• It is found above the tropopause and extends up to a height of 50 km.
• One important feature of the stratosphere is that it contains the ozone layer.
• This layer absorbs ultra-violet radiation and shields life on the earth from an intense, harmful form of energy.

The mesosphere

• It lies above the stratosphere, which extends up to a height of 80 km.
• In this layer, once again, the temperature starts decreasing with the increase in altitude and reaches up to minus 100°C at a height of 80 km.
• Meteors are burning up in the mesosphere. The meteors make it through the exosphere and thermosphere without much trouble because those layers don’t have much air. But when they hit the mesosphere, there are enough gases to cause friction and create heat.
• The upper limit of the mesosphere is known as mesopause.

The thermosphere

• It is located between 80 and 400 km above the mesopause.
• It contains electrically charged particles known as ions, and hence, it is also known as the ionosphere.
• Radio waves transmitted from the earth are reflected back to the earth by this layer.
• The temperature here starts increasing with height.

The exosphere

• It is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere.
• This is the highest layer but very little is known about it.
• Whatever contents are there, these are extremely rarefied in this layer, and it gradually merges with outer space.

​

The correct answer is 1, 2 and 3 only.In News

• The South China Sea has always been a transit point for trade since early medieval times, contains abundantly rich fisheries, and is a repository of mineral deposits and hydrocarbon reserves. Therefore, current Chinese muscularity in the SCS is leading to a growing chorus of protests.​

Key PointsSouth China Sea:

• It is an arm of the western Pacific Ocean that borders the Southeast Asian mainland.
• The sea is bordered by Brunei, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam.
• It is connected by the Taiwan Strait with the East China Sea and by the Luzon Strait with the Philippine Sea (both marginal seas of the Pacific Ocean).
• It comprises three archipelagoes, namely:
  • The Spratly Islands, Paracel Islands, Pratas Islands and Macclesfield’s Bank and Scarborough Shoal.
• China’s Nine Dash Line defines the area claimed by China - by far the largest portion of the Sea.
  • Scarborough Shoal: Claimed both by the Philippines and China (known as Huangyan Island in China).
  • Spratlys: Occupied by claimants, which consist of Taiwan, Vietnam, the Philippines, China and Malaysia.
  • Paracel Islands: Subject of overlapping claims by China, Vietnam and Taiwan. Hence, statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct.

​Senkaku Islands:​

• Senkaku Islands are known as the Diaoyus by China and Tiaoyutai by Taiwan.
• The islands are disputed with China and Japan.
• The Senkaku Islands are located in the East China Sea between Japan, the People’s Republic of China, and the Republic of China (Taiwan). Hence, statement 4 is not correct.
• The archipelago contains five uninhabited islands and three barren rocks, ranging in size from 800 m2 to 4.32 km2.

The correct answer is Rajasthan.

Key Points

• The Tropic of Cancer in India passes through eight states in India.
• These states are:
  • Gujarat,
  • Rajasthan,
  • Madhya Pradesh,
  • Chhattisgarh,
  • Jharkhand,
  • West Bengal,
  • Tripura, and
  • Mizoram
• The shortest length of the Tropic of Cancer in India is in Rajasthan.

Thus, we can say that the shortest length of the Tropic of Cancer in India is in Rajasthan.

The correct answer is Sutlej.

Key Points

• Sutlej
  • It rises from the Manasarovar-Rakas Lakes in western Tibet.
  • Before entering the Punjab plain, it cuts a gorge in Naina Devi Dhar, where the famous Bhakra dam has been constructed.
  • It is the longest of the five tributaries of the Indus River.
  • It eventually drains into the Indus in Pakistan.

Additional Information

• Beas
  • It rises in the Himalayas in central Himachal Pradesh.
  • Its total length is 470 kilometres.
  • It meets river Sutlej at the south-western boundary of Kapurthala district of Punjab.
  • The chief tributaries are Bain, Banganga, Luni and Uhal.
• Chenab
  • It is formed by the confluence of two rivers, Chandra and Bhaga.
  • It originates from Lahaul valley in Himachal Pradesh.
  • It flows through the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir into the plains of Punjab, Pakistan.
• Ravi
  • It originates in the Himalayas in the Multhan tehsil of Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh.
  • It drains the area between the Pir Panjal and the Dhaola Dhar ranges.
  • It enters Punjab Plains near Madhopur and later enters Pakistan below Amritsar.

The correct answer is Both 1 and 2.

Key Points

• The terms "conventional" and "non-conventional" sources of energy are used to distinguish between traditional, widely used sources of energy and newer, alternative sources. Here's the difference between the two, along with examples:
• Conventional Sources of Energy:
• These sources are typically non-renewable and based on fossil fuels. Some examples of conventional sources of energy include:
  • Coal: Coal is a fossil fuel that has been used for centuries to generate electricity and provide heat for industrial processes.
  • Oil: Also known as petroleum, oil is a fossil fuel used for transportation, electricity generation, and various industrial applications.
  • Natural Gas: Natural gas is another fossil fuel that is primarily used for heating, cooking, electricity generation, and as a feedstock for certain industrial processes.​

Additional Information

• Non-conventional Sources of Energy:
• These sources typically rely on natural processes or renewable resources. Examples of non-conventional sources of energy include:
  • Wind Energy: It is a renewable energy source that has gained widespread adoption globally.
  • Solar Energy: Solar power involves converting sunlight into electricity through photovoltaic (PV) panels or concentrated solar power (CSP) systems. Solar energy is renewable and has seen significant growth in recent years.
  • Tidal Energy: Tidal power captures the energy from ocean tides and converts it into electricity using tidal turbines or barrages.
  • Geothermal Energy: Geothermal power utilizes the heat from the Earth's interior to generate electricity or provide direct heating.
  • Biomass Energy: Biomass energy is derived from organic matter such as agricultural waste, wood pellets, or dedicated energy crops. It can be converted into heat or electricity through processes like combustion, gasification, or anaerobic digestion.
  • Hydropower: Hydropower utilizes the energy of flowing or falling water to generate electricity.

• According to the 2011 census, 382 is the density of the Population of India.
• As per the 2011 Census, Bihar has the highest population density of 1106 persons per sq. km. followed by West Bengal with a population density of 1028 persons per sq. km.
• Uttar Pradesh’s is 829 persons per sq. km, Kerala’s is 860 persons per sq. km.
• Census 2011 is the 15th census of India and 7th after the independence.
• The motto of the 2011 Census is " Our Census, Our future".
• The first census took place in 1872.
• The next census will take place in the year 2021. The census takes place every 10 Years.

The correct answer is Coffee-Columbia.

Key Points

Columbia is the 3^rd Largest producer of coffee in the world after Brazil and Vietnam as it produces 810,000 metric tons of coffee but as temperatures have slowly risen and as has precipitation, it led to a decrease in the production of coffee in Columbia.

• India is the 7^th Largest producer of coffee and as coffee is not nearly as popular as Tea in India, 80% of the country's coffee production is bound for export purposes, with the main buyers being Europe and Russia.
• Coffee is the world's second most traded commodity after oil in the world economy, with about half a trillion cups consumed per year because it is not only used for brewing a cup of coffee, but (through decaffeination) also provide caffeine for beverages (cola), pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
• The largest producer of Coconut is Indonesia.
• The largest producer of Tea is China.
• The largest producer of Jute is India.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e. Andhra Pradesh.

Andhra Pradesh tops the list by producing 72% of the total Mica production in India.

• Shah mine in Gudur taluka and others in Vishakhapatnam, West Godavari, Krishna (Tiruvur) and Khammam (Kallur) are the main centres.
• The Mica belt in Nellore district is 100 km long and 25 km wide.
• Rajasthan, Jharkhand and Bihar come second, third and fourth respectively.
• In Rajasthan, the mica belt extends from Jaipur to Udaipur, which is 322 km long with an average width of 96 km.
• Bhilwara, Jaipur, Tonk, Sikar, Dungarpur and Ajmer are the main centres.
• In Jharkhand and Bihar, the eastern part of Gaya district across Hazaribagh, Girdih and Munger to Bhagalpur district is where Mica is found.
• India is the largest producer and exporter of the mineral. India's export is 60%.

Explanation:

The correct option is Tidal Energy.

Energy resources can be classified into two categories:

Renewable source (Non-conventional energy):

• Renewable energy resources are natural resources that can be regenerated continuously and are inexhaustible. They can be used again and again in an endless manner.
• Examples are Wood, Solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, tidal energy, geothermal energy, Biomass Energy etc.

Non-Renewable source (Conventional energy):

• Non-Renewable energy resources are natural resources that cannot be regenerated once they are exhausted. They cannot be used again.
• Examples are Oil, Coal, petroleum, natural gas, LPG, nuclear fuels etc.

The agro-based industry includes industries related to textiles, sugar, paper and vegetable oil.

• These industries use agricultural products as their raw materials.
• The textile industry is the largest industry in the organized sector.
• It comprises (i) cotton textiles, (ii) woollen textiles, (iii) silk textiles (iv) synthetic fibres and (v) jute textile industries.
• Textiles have been a major component of the industrial sector. It accounts for nearly a fifth of the industrial output and a third of the export earnings.

Important Points

The Sugar Industry is the second largest agro-based industry in India.

• India stands second as a world producer of sugar but occupies first place in the production of gur and khandsari.
• The raw material used in this industry is bulky, and in haulage its sucrose content reduces.
• There are over 460 sugar mills in the country spread over Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat along with Punjab, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh.
• Sixty per cent of mills are in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
• This industry is seasonal in nature so, it is ideally suited to the cooperative sector.

Additional Information

• India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods and stands in second place as an exporter after Bangladesh.
• There are about 70 jute mills in India. Most of these are located in West Bengal, mainly along the banks of the Hugli river, in a narrow belt (98 km long and 3 km wide).

The correct answer is Mawsynram.

Key Points

• Mawsynram:
  • Mawsynram is a town in the East Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya state in northeastern India, 60.9 kilometers from Shillong.
  • Mawsynram receives the highest rainfall in India as well as in the world.
  • It is reportedly the wettest place on Earth, with an average annual rainfall of 11,872 mm.
  • According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Mawsynram received 26,000 millimeters (1,000 in) of rainfall in 1985.
• Reasons
  • Because of the uneven relief of India due to the presence of a number of hill ranges, the monsoon is not able to shed its moisture evenly over India.
  • Windward sides receive more rainfall and leeward sides receive less rainfall.
  • Mawsynram is enclosed by hills on three sides.
  • Mawsynram experiences Orographic rainfall as it is located on the windward side of Garohill.
  • Mawsynram lies in the funnel-shaped depression caused by the Khasi range in Meghalaya.
  • The Bay of Bengal branch of monsoons is trapped in it and causes heavy rainfall.

• Parliament is the supreme legislative body of India which comprises of the President and houses- the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha.
• Rajya Sabha (Council of States) is the upper house of the Parliament and represents the states and union territories.
• Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house of the Parliament and represents the people of India as a whole.

The correct answer is Objectives Resolution.

Key Points

• The term Preamble refers to the introduction or preface to the constitution. It contains the summary or essence of the constitution.
• The Preamble of the Indian Constitution is based on the objective resolution drafted and moved by Pandit Nehru and adopted by the constituent assembly.
  • These resolutions were moved on 13th December by Jawaharlal Nehru and were adopted on 22nd January 1947 by the assembly.
• It has been amended by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 which added three new words: socialist, secular and integrity.
• The Preamble to the Constitution of India presents the principles of the Constitution and indicates the sources of its authority.
• It was adopted on 26 November 1949 by the Constituent Assembly and came into effect on 26 January 1950, celebrated as the Republic day in India.
• It defines India as a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic and Republic.

Additional Information

• Instrument of instructions: The instrument of instructions contained in the Government of India Act, 1935 has been incorporated in the constitution of India in the year 1950 as Directive Principles of State Policy.
  • The main reason behind this policy is to create a welfare State.
• Nehru Report, 1928: In January 1928 a committee was constituted at an all-parties conference with Pandit Motilal Nehru as its chairman.
  • The objective was to consider and determine the principles of the future constitution for India, particularly for viewing the communal problem as a whole and its relation to the constitution.
  • The outcome of this committee was the Nehru Report.
• Government of India Act, 1935 played a key role in the drafting of the Constitution of India, 1950.
  • A significant part of the Constitution, particularly the administrative provisions, are borrowed from the Act.

• Article 2 of the Indian constitution states that the Parliament may establish new states or admit new states into the Union of India, by law, on terms and conditions it deems fit.

The Deputy prime minister of India is the second-highest-ranking minister of the union government of India.

• The officeholder also deputizes for the prime minister in their absence.

Important Points

1. Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel was the first deputy prime minister of India.
2. He was also the home minister of India.
3. His tenure lasted for 3 years and 122 days.

Hence, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel was the first deputy prime minister of India.

Calculation:

Let's assume that the two numbers are 11k and 17k

LCM of (11k, 17k) = 187k

Now, according to the question,

187k = 4675

⇒ k = 4675/187

⇒ k = 25

So, the two numbers are (11 × 25) = 275 and (17 × 25) = 425

∴ The correct answer is 275 and 425

Given:

The ratio of present ages of Kajal and Ajay = 5 ∶ 4

After 13 years, the ratio of their ages = 6 ∶ 5

Calculation:

Let the present ages of Kajal and Ajay are 5x and 4x respectively

After 13 years,

Age of Kajal = (5x + 13)

Age of Ajay = (4x + 13)

Now, By the given condition

(5x + 13) ∶ (4x + 13) = 6 ∶ 5

⇒ (5x + 13) × 5 = (4x + 13) × 6

⇒ 25x + 65 = 24x + 78

⇒ 25x - 24x = 78 - 65

⇒ x = 13

So, Present age of Kajal = 5x = (5 × 13) years

⇒ 65 years

∴ The Present age of Kajal is 65 years.