OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 1 Practice Test - 4 - OPSC OCS (Odisha) MCQ

Korea's KSTAR reactor made headlines by successfully sustaining plasma at a temperature of 100 million degrees Celsius for 48 seconds. This milestone is crucial in the quest for controlled nuclear fusion, mimicking the processes that occur in the sun. Achieving such high temperatures is a significant step toward developing clean energy solutions.

Juan Vicente Perez Mora, a Venezuelan national, was acknowledged as the world's oldest man until his death at the age of 114. His longevity was celebrated globally, and he became a symbol of resilience and the potential for a long life.

Japan introduced an e-Visa system exclusively for Indian tourists, aiming to facilitate travel and promote tourism from India. This digital approach simplifies the application process and is part of Japan's broader strategy to attract more international visitors.

The Power Finance Corporation announced a record interim dividend of Rs. 2,033 crores to the government, highlighting its strong financial performance and commitment to supporting governmental revenues through dividends.

The Baghdad Pact, signed in 1955, was a military alliance aimed at countering Soviet influence in the Middle East. This treaty was part of a broader strategy during the Cold War to establish alliances that would bolster regional security.

Senegal declared its independence from France on April 4, 1960, marking a pivotal moment in its history. This independence was part of a wave of decolonization across Africa during the mid-20th century, leading to the establishment of many African nations as self-governing states.

The theme for International Mine Awareness Day 2024 is "Protecting Lives, Building Peace." This theme emphasizes the importance of raising awareness about landmines and their dangers while promoting efforts to ensure safety and peace in affected regions.

In December 2020, the KSTAR reactor achieved a significant milestone by sustaining a temperature of 100 million degrees Celsius for 20 seconds. This initial success laid the groundwork for future experiments aimed at achieving longer durations and higher temperatures in fusion research.

The Param Vir Chakra garden was inaugurated in Chennai by Tamil Nadu Governor R.N. Ravi. This garden features statues of the 21 awardees of India’s highest military honor, commemorating their bravery and sacrifice for the nation.

The World Bank projected India's GDP growth at 6.6% for the fiscal year 2024-25, indicating a positive economic outlook for the country. This forecast reflects efforts to stabilize and grow the economy post-pandemic while addressing various structural challenges.

Michael Faraday is renowned for his pioneering work in electromagnetism, which he demonstrated in 1831. His experiments laid the foundation for understanding how electric and magnetic fields interact, which is essential for modern electrical engineering and technology.

Judith Suminwa Tuluka made history by being appointed as Congo's first female Prime Minister amidst a political reshuffle. Her leadership is significant in a country facing numerous challenges, and her government is expected to focus on peace and development.

The 'One Vehicle, One FASTag' initiative is designed to improve the electronic toll collection system in India. By ensuring that each vehicle has a unique FASTag, it aims to streamline toll payments and reduce congestion at toll plazas, enhancing overall efficiency.

Rakesh Sharma was an Indian Air Force pilot who became the first Indian citizen to travel in space. His flight aboard Soyuz T-11 in 1984 marked a historic moment for India, showcasing the country's capabilities in space exploration.

The Banaras Tabla was among the 60 traditional Indian products that were granted a Geographical Indication (GI) tag. This recognition helps protect the unique heritage and craftsmanship associated with specific regional products, promoting their cultural significance.

Greeks who came through the northwest about 2500 years ago and were familiar with the Indus, called it the Hindos or the Indos, and the land to the east of the river was called India. The name Bharata was used for a group of people who lived in the northwest, and who are mentioned in the Rigveda.

The Aranyakas are called forest books and they deal with mysticism, rites, rituals and sacrifices.

• Another step which Muhammad-Bin- Tughlaq took at this time was the introduction of the ‘token currency’. Since money is merely a medium of exchange, all countries in the world today have token currencies - generally paper currency, so that they do not have to depend upon the supply of gold and silver. There was a shortage of silver in the world in the fourteenth century. Moreover, Qublai Khan of China had already successfully experimented with a token currency.

• A Mongol ruler of Iran, Ghazan Khan, had also experimented with it. Muhammad Tughlaq decided to introduce a bronze coin which was to have the same value as the silver tanka. Specimen of this coin has been found in different parts of India, and can be seen in museums. The idea of a token currency was a new one in India and it was difficult to induce the traders, as well as the common man to accept it.

Jagannath Puri Temple:

• Devasnana Purnima – The annual bathing ritual, where the holy trinity is brought out from their sanctum seated in a raised platform and bathed with purified water drawn from a well within thetemple premises.

• Chariot Festival – This happens during the month of June/July. During the festival, the Lord comes out to the street to greet his devotees, people irrespective of caste, creed & colour can seek his blessings.

• During the Vedic period, women were given equal opportunities as men for their spiritual and intellectual development. There were women poetesses like Apala, Viswavara, Ghosa and Lopamudra during the Rig Vedic period. Women could even attend the popular assemblies. There was no child marriage and the practice of sati was absent.

• However, with the transition to the later Vedic period, the position of women declined, as the society became more patriarchal. Women also lost their political rights of attending assemblies. Child marriages had become common. According the Aitreya Brahmana, a daughter has been described as a source of misery. However, the women in the royal household enjoyed certain privileges. The social divisions were not rigid during the Rig Vedic period, as it was in the later Vedic period. Larger kingdoms were formed during the later Vedic period.

• The four divisions of society (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas and Sudras) or the Varna system was thoroughly established during the Later Vedic period. The two higher classes - Brahmana and Kshatriya enjoyed privileges that were denied to the Vaisya and Sudra. Many sub- castes, on the basis of their occupation appeared in this period. The two outstanding Rig Vedic gods, Indra and Agni, lost their former importance. On the other hand, Prajapati, the creator, came to occupy the supreme position in the later Vedic period.

• Another step which Muhammad-Bin- Tughlaq took at this time was the introduction of the ‘token currency’. Since money is merely a medium of exchange, all countries in the world today have token currencies — generally paper currency, so that they do not have to depend upon the supply of gold and silver. There was a shortage of silver in the world in the fourteenth century. Moreover, Qublai Khan of China had already successfully experimented with a token currency. A Mongol ruler of Iran, Ghazan Khan, had also experimented with it.

• Muhammad Tughlaq decided to introduce a bronze coin which was to have the same value as the silver tanka. Specimen of this coin has been found in different parts of India, and can be seen in museums. The idea of a token currency was a new one in India and it was difficult to induce the traders, as well as the common man to accept it.

Option (a) is the correct answer.

Statement 1 is incorrect. According to the early nationalists, industrialisation was to be based on Indian and not foreign capital because, foreign capital replaced and suppressed instead of augmenting and encouraging Indian capital. This suppression caused economic drain, further strengthening British hold over India.The political consequences of foreign capital investments were equally harmful as they caused political subjugation and created vested interests which sought security for investors, thus perpetuating the foreign rule.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The drain theory was put forward by Dadabhai Naoroji in his book Poverty and Unbritish Rule in India.

Statement 3 is correct. The drain took the form of an excess of exports over imports for which India got no economic or material return.

They pointed out that the pattern of foreign trade was unfavourable to India. It relegated India to a position of importer of finished goods and exporter of raw materials and foodstuffs. According to the nationalist calculations, this drain amounts to one-half of government revenues, more than the entire land revenue collection and over one-third of India’s total savings.

The Government helped these planters by passing laws such as those which made it virtually impossible for a labourer to refuse to work once a contract was entered into. A breach of contract was a criminal offence, with a planter having the right to get the defaulting labourer arrested.

● The Communist Party of India (CPI) was formed in Tashkent (Current capital of Uzbekistan) by M.N. Roy in 1920.

● Hindustan Republican Association/Army was founded in October 1924 in Kanpur by Ram Prasad Bismil, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee and Sachin Sanyal.

● Chittagong Armoury Raid was conducted in April 1930 under the banner of Indian Republican Army- Chittagong Branch led by Surya Sen and 64 other activists.

● The Revolutionary leaders Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were hanged by Colonial Rulers on March 23, 1931.

In its 1913 Resolution on Education Policy, the government refused to take up the responsibility of compulsory education, but accepted the policy of removal of illiteracy and urged provincial governments to take early steps to provide free elementary education to the poorer and more backward sections. Private efforts were to be encouraged for this and the quality of secondary schools was to be improved. A university, it was decided, was to be established in each province and teaching activities of universities were to be encouraged.

● The famous Bardoli Satyagraha occurred at this time. In 1928, under the leadership of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel the peasants organised a No Tax Campaign and in the end won their demand.

● The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was the first Satyagraha movement inspired by Gandhi and a major revolt in the Indian Independence Movement. It was a farmer's uprising that took place in Champaran district of Bihar.

● The Kheda Satyagraha of 1918, in Kheda district of Gujarat, India during the period of the British Raj, was a Satyagraha movement organised by Mohandas Gandhi. It was a major revolt in the Indian independence movement.

● Ahmedabad Mill Strike, 1918 was one of the initial movements led by Gandhi in the beginning of the 20th century after his return from South Africa. It was one of the formative events in the political career of Mahatma Gandhi. Mahatma Gandhi intervened in a dispute between the workers and mill owners of Ahmedabad. He undertook a fast unto death to force a compromise.

- Statement 1 is correct: Waves are indeed oscillatory movements that cause the rise and fall of the water surface. They are created by the wind transferring energy to the water.

- Statement 2 is incorrect: In ocean waves, water particles move in circular or elliptical paths, not just vertically. This motion allows the wave energy to travel across the surface, while individual water particles return to their original position over one wave cycle.

Thus, the correct answer is A: 1 only.