OTET Paper 2 Mock Test - 5 (Science and Mathematics) - OTET MCQ

A learning curve visualizes changes in pupil overall performance over time. The line graph displays opportunities across the x-axis, and a measure of student performance along the y-axis. A good learning curve which is also known as the 'experience curve', reveals improvement in pupils' performance as opportunity count (i.e., exercise practice with a given knowledge component) increases.

• Learning curve was first defined by Hermann Ebbinghaus in 1885. 
• By learning curve, learners can relate his/her development through the method visually presented in the graph.
• There are 3 varieties of the curve of learning i.e. concave curve, convex curve, and concave and convex curve/Combination type curve.

Let's Understand in Brief:

So, it could be concluded that longitudinal is not the curve of learning.

Children with learning disabilities have confusion between letters and alphabets that look alike. "Learning disability" is an "umbrella" term describing a number of other, more specific learning disabilities, such as dyslexia and dysgraphia.

Multilingualism is the knowledge of more than one language by a person or within a social group; it assumes the ability to switch from one language to another in speech, writing, or reading.

• Other terms describing this phenomenon include bilingualism, polylingualism, multilingualism, diglossia, and languages-in-contact. 
• Multilingualism may be personal, social, or intersubjective.
• Personal multilingualism refers to the knowledge and verbal behavior of an individual, not necessarily shared by the whole community.
• Social multilingualism refers to the communicative practices of a nation, tribe, or another social group that sustains two or more languages.

The learner-centred approach of teaching puts learners in the centre and gives primacy to children's experiences and needs. It strongly believes that when children are given the freedom to work at their own pace, they develop the ability to assimilate the concepts efficiently.

A common mnemonic for remembering lists is to create an easily remembered acronym, or, taking each of the initial letters of the list members, create a memorable phrase in which the words with the same acronym act as the material.
The technique mentioned in the question is one example of mnemonics.

Eight Intellectual Levels or Eight Conditions of Learning:

• Signal learning: The learner makes a general response to a signal.
• Stimulus-response learning: The learner makes a precise response to a signal.
• Chaining: The connection of a set of individual stimulus and responses in a sequence.
• Verbal association: The learner makes associations using verbal connections.
• Discrimination Learning: The learner makes different responses to different stimuli that are somewhat alike.
• Concept learning: The learner develops the ability to make a generalized response based on a class of stimuli.
• Rule learning: A rule is a chain of concepts linked to demonstrated behaviour.
• Problem-solving: The learner discovers a combination of previously learned rules and applies them to solve a novel situation.

Thus from the above-mentioned points, it is clear that proper prerequisites are not a type of learning according to Gagne’s Theory of Learning.

व्याकरण-अनुवाद विधि:

• किसी भाषा को सीखने की व्याकरण-अनुवाद विधि उसके व्याकरण के विस्तृत अध्ययन के माध्यम से होती है।
• इस विधि में, शिक्षार्थी पहले व्याकरणिक नियमों को सीखता है और फिर उन नियमों को लक्षित भाषा से मातृभाषा में वाक्यों का अनुवाद करने में लागू करता है।
• शिक्षार्थियों को व्याकरण के नियम सिखाने के लिए मुख्य रूप से मातृभाषा या मातृभाषा का प्रयोग किया जाता है ताकि अनुवाद आसान हो जाए।
• शब्दावली द्विभाषी शब्द सूचियों का उपयोग करके बनाई गई है, अर्थात मातृभाषा में और लक्ष्य भाषा में शब्दों के अर्थ को सिखाने के लिए।
• जब व्याकरण के नियमों को सीखने की बात आती है तो रटना या याद रखना एक महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है।

इसलिए, व्याकरण-अनुवाद विधि का सिद्धांत व्याकरण के नियमों को याद रखना है।

प्रस्तुत गद्यांश का उचित शीर्षक ‘आधुनिकतावाद’ है। आधुनिकतावाद एक लंबी प्रक्रिया के बाद उपजी अवधारणा है, जिसमें आधुनिक आयामों को अपनाया गया।
उपरोक्त गद्यांश के सभी वाक्य आधुनिकता वादी सिद्धांत के इर्द-गिर्द घूमते हैं। अतः इसका उचित शीर्षक आधुनिकतावाद ही होगा।

घर में बोली जाने वाली बोली में बात करने का अवसर वातावरण को सहज बनाने में मदद करता है।
शिक्षिका कविता शिक्षण के बाद बच्चों को उनकी घर में बोली जाने वाली बोली में बात करने का अवसर देती है। यह उपागम बहुभाषिकता को संसाधन के रूप में उपयोग करने जैसा है।
बहुभाषिकता: भिन्न-भिन्न प्रांतों के बच्चों द्वारा अलग-अलग प्रकार की भाषा बोले जाने को भाषायी विविधता या बहु-भाषिकता कहा जाता है। बहु-भाषिकता भारत की संस्कृति का अभिन्न अंग है।

मनुष्य विज्ञान की सहायता से शारीरिक कमज़ोरियों एवं स्वास्थ्य संबंधी समस्याओं से निजात पाने में सक्षम हो गया है। ऐसी असाध्य बीमारियों का इलाज भी संभव है, जिन्हें पहले लाइलाज समझा जाता था।

गद्यांश के अनुसार:जनता के व्यापक हित पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव डालने वाली स्वतन्त्रता बाधित भी की जानी चाहिए।

• चुनाव पूर्व सर्वेक्षण एवं एक्जिट पोल का लोकतन्त्र में क्या महत्त्व है? यह प्रश्न विचारणीय है।
• भारतीय संविधान ने भी अनुच्छेद 19 (i) के अन्तर्गत नागरिकों को अभिव्यक्ति की स्वतन्त्रता प्रदान की है, लेकिन जनता के व्यापक हित पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव डालने वाली स्वतन्त्रता बाधित भी की जानी चाहिए। 

The bus broke down on the ghat road.
Here, 'break down' means 'stopped due to mechanical failure' because 'break down' means 'stop operating or functioning'.

Language learning is the process of learning to speak and understand a foreign language. It helps children to acquire practical commands of language. It is a result of deliberate and conscious effort for a better understanding of foundational skills of language learning.

• There are many theories in psychology that are related to different schools of psychology such as cognitive, humanistic, behavioristic, etc. These theories are propounded by eminent psychologists to provide a framework to understand different aspects of human behavior.
• 'Lev Vygotsky', a Soviet psychologist, has propounded the "Socio-cultural Theory". This theory implies the idea that social interaction plays a crucial role in the learner's development.

Audio-visual aids are also called instructional material. Audio literally means hearing and visual means found by seeing. So, all aids, which endeavour to make the knowledge clear to us through our sense are called audio-visual aids or instructional material.
Television is an audio-visual aid. It is one of the most versatile audio-visual aids ever. Television focuses the attention of students on a particular topic. Through television a good teacher can reach the students spread over distant schools simultaneously and effectively. Various lessons and demonstrations duly illustrated by slides, models, specimens, etc. can be observed by the pupils and the teachers. Many educational talks and discussions can be seen.

Thorndike developed his theory based on his famous experiment on the cat and the puzzle box.

The statement "Children should be asked to do written work" will be the least important to the language teacher.
Language teachers create an environment that is conducive to learning in the following ways:

• Providing different kinds of material so that they can learn concepts with ease and efficiency.
• Using every possible area of the room to create an atmosphere that encourages participation and learning.
• Creating a positive atmosphere conducive to learning is to develop a positive classroom climate and culture. 
• Making children feel free to express themselves as it provides them the opportunities to communicate in context.
• Maintaining a neat and organized environment that is conducive to learning is getting the students to cooperate.
• Respecting learners' mother tongue so that it could promote the cognitive flexibilities to express the thought in multiple ways.

Here, we need comparative form of adjective. Option (1) is incorrect as it uses double comparatives.

A diverse classroom refers to a learning environment where students come from different cultural, linguistic, ethnic, religious, socio-economic and/or academic backgrounds.

• The students in a diverse classroom may have different learning needs, abilities, and styles. Therefore, teaching in a diverse classroom requires teachers to have a range of instructional strategies that can cater to the diverse needs of students.

Language is a symbolic, rule-governed system, shared by a group of people to express their thoughts and feelings. In a child, language development takes place through language acquisition and language learning.

Remedial language teaching refers to teaching which is intended to improve the ability of slow learners to learn something. It is an integral part of the teaching-learning program, also known as compensatory or corrective teaching.

• Remedial Teaching is an integral part of the teaching-learning program, also known as compensatory or corrective teaching.
• It is the process of providing slow learners with the necessary help and guidance to overcome their problems
• The teacher must understand the learner's strengths and weaknesses to provide them with the necessary help and guidance to overcome their problems.
• The teacher should pick students who find language learning difficult on particular aspects and take separate sessions for them to support them read and understand such text.

So, it becomes clear that both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

829030000 expressed in the standard form is 8.2903 x 10⁸
Now, 8.2903 x 10⁸ = k x 10ⁿ
Thus, k = 8.2903, n = 8
k + n = 8.2903 + 8 = 16.2903
Thus, option (2) is correct.

• pressure cookers were fitted with ebonite handles because ebonite is a type of hard rubber that can withstand high temperatures and provide a good grip even when the cooker is hot.
• Ebonite is a good insulator, which means it does not conduct heat well, and therefore, it remains cool to the touch even when the pressure cooker is on the stove for a long time.
• The use of ebonite handles on pressure cookers has now been replaced by other materials such as silicone, which is also a good insulator and can withstand high temperatures

Contact  and Non-contact forces:

• The force between two bodies when they are physically in contact is called contact force.
  Examples: muscular force, frictional force, etc.
• The force between the two bodies which are not in physical contact between the two objects is called non-contact force.
  Examples: magnetic force, electrostatic force, gravitational force, etc.
• The force which acts on the holding bucket is due to the gravitational force.
• The force of interaction that occurs between two charges is called electrostatic charge. It is a non-contact force.
• The force applied to move a body away from us is called Push. E.g. Moving a box on a table.
• The force which results due to the action of muscles is called muscular force. E.g. walking, running, squeezing a lemon.

 So, the correct answer is : a) iii ,b) iv, c) i, d) ii.

The formal steps involved in the approach are as listed below:
i. Introduction/Motivation
ii. Presentation
iii. Comparison and association
iv. Generalisation
v. Application
vi. Recapitulation

Scientific Processes:  All processes in science are done with specific purpose, evidences are collected with reliable and valid methods, and they are examined critically by controlling different variables.

Diagnostic assessment is the assessment that is conducted along with formative assessment during the instructional process. It is carried out based on the data obtained from formative assessment.

Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis FRS (29 June, 1893 - 28 June, 1972) was an Indian scientist and applied statistician. He is best remembered for the Mahalanobis distance, a statistical measure and for being one of the members of the first Planning Commission of free India. Prof. Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis is also known as the father of Indian Statistics. He was a physicist by training, a statistician by instinct and a planner by conviction.

While formulating objectives of science, one must keep the following factors in mind:
(i) The need and capabilities of the learner: This is an important factor, as the end consumers are the students. The teacher needs to have a fair understanding of the capabilities of his/her students, so that she can teach them on the basis of their previous knowledge. She must be able to link their already existing knowledge, to provide them a better understanding of the topic being taught. Besides, the needs of the students must be kept in mind. A student of class VI cannot be taught a topic in the same way as it has to be taught to a class X student.
(ii) The nature of the highest subject matter: The teacher must draw a line on what must be taught to students at a particular stage. The books become a valuable resource for the same, as they draw out a basic plan for the teacher.
The capability of the subject teacher is not one of the factors. The teacher must have enough capability to teach the subject matter, as per the objectives framed. In case she feels it is above her capacity, she must take the help of other teachers, but should not compromise on what the students are being taught.

For the option 3, the subjectivity question is very least because there is only one answer to this question.

Experiments play a crucial role in the progress of science. A large number of path-breaking discoveries and inventions have been possible through investigations done usually in laboratories. The experimental work is, therefore, an essential component of any course in science.

• A science laboratory is a place where basic experimental skills are learned by systematically performing a set of prescribed and suitably designed experiments.
• Performing experiments with one’s own hands is not only a thrilling experience but are also important because it entails learning by doing. It also facilitates understanding the concepts of science.