Olympiad Test : Fundamentals Of Computer - 2 - Class 7 MCQ

Computer Hardware Required to Type Input:

1. Keyboard: A keyboard is the primary hardware device required to type input on a computer. It consists of various keys, including letters, numbers, symbols, and function keys, which allow users to input data into the computer system.

Other computer hardware components mentioned in the options are not directly related to typing input:

1. Mouse: A mouse is an input device used to control the movement of the cursor on the screen. It is primarily used for pointing and selecting objects on the computer screen, rather than typing input.


2. Monitor: A monitor is an output device that displays visual information generated by the computer. It allows users to see the output of their actions but is not directly involved in typing input.


3. Printer: A printer is an output device used to produce hard copies of digital documents. It is used for printing output rather than typing input.

Therefore, the correct answer is Keyboard (option B) as it is the computer hardware required to type input.

To execute an assembly language program, you need to install the assembler software. Here is a detailed explanation:
Assembler:
- An assembler is a software that converts assembly language code into machine code.
- It translates the symbolic code into binary instructions that can be executed by the computer's processor.
- The assembler takes the assembly language program as input and produces an object file that contains the machine code instructions.
- The object file is then linked with other object files and libraries to create an executable file.
So, before executing an assembly language program, you should install the assembler software.
Options:
A: Interpreter
- An interpreter executes the source code directly without converting it into machine code.
- It is not required for executing assembly language programs.
B: Compiler
- A compiler is a software that converts high-level language code into machine code.
- It is not specifically required for executing assembly language programs.
C: Assembler
- An assembler is the correct software to install before executing an assembly language program.
D: Both a and b
- This option is incorrect as neither an interpreter nor a compiler is necessary for executing assembly language programs.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: Assembler.

Answer:
When the user program is translated to machine language, it is called Object code/program. Here's a detailed explanation:
Translation Process:
1. When a user writes a program, it is initially written in a high-level programming language like C, Java, Python, etc. This human-readable code is known as the source code/program.
2. To execute the program on a computer, it needs to be translated into a form that the machine can understand and execute. This translation process involves converting the source code into machine code.
3. The translation process consists of two steps:
- Compilation: The source code is compiled using a compiler, which translates the entire source code into machine code. The output of this process is an object code/program, which is a binary representation of the program.
- Linking: The object code is then linked with other necessary libraries and modules to create an executable file. The linker resolves dependencies and creates the final executable file.
4. The object code/program is a low-level representation of the program that can be directly executed by the computer's processor. It is specific to the target machine architecture and cannot be easily understood by humans.
5. Once the object code is generated, it can be loaded into memory and executed by the computer.
Options:
- Option A: Object code/program - This is the correct answer as it refers to the translated machine code representation of the user program.
- Option B: Source code/program - This is incorrect as the source code is the original human-readable program before translation.
- Option C: Use code/program - This is incorrect as it is not a commonly used term in programming.
- Option D: All of these - This is incorrect as only option A is the appropriate term for the translated machine code.
Therefore, the correct answer is A: Object code/program.

Answer:
The program written by the user is called the source code/program.
Explanation:
- Source code/program: This refers to the human-readable instructions written by a programmer using a programming language. It is written in a high-level programming language and can be understood and modified by programmers.
- Object code/program: This is the output of the compilation process, where the source code is translated into a machine-readable format. It consists of binary instructions that can be directly executed by the computer's processor.
- Machine code: This is the lowest-level programming language that can be directly understood and executed by a computer's processor. It consists of binary instructions represented by 1s and 0s.
- High-level language: This refers to programming languages that are closer to human language and allow programmers to write code in a more readable and understandable manner. Examples of high-level languages include Python, Java, and C++.
In summary, the program written by the user is called the source code/program, which is a human-readable set of instructions written in a high-level programming language.

Software that translates high level language to object code line by line:
Compiler:
- A compiler is a software program that translates high-level programming language into machine code or object code.
- It takes the entire source code as input and converts it into object code all at once.
- The object code is a low-level representation of the source code that can be executed directly by the computer's hardware.
- The compiler performs various tasks such as lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, code optimization, and code generation.
- It translates the code line by line, analyzing and converting each line into machine code.
Interpreter:
- An interpreter is another type of software that translates high-level language into machine code, but it does so line by line.
- It reads the source code line by line and immediately executes the corresponding machine code for each line.
- The interpreter does not generate object code like a compiler, but directly executes the code.
- It provides a more interactive programming environment as errors can be detected and corrected on the fly.
- However, interpreting code line by line can be slower compared to the compiled code.
Summary:
- The software that translates high-level language to object code line by line is an interpreter.

Software that translates high level language program to object code:
There are several software tools involved in the translation process from high level language program to object code. However, the software that specifically translates the entire user-written program to object code at once is a compiler.
Here is a detailed explanation of the software involved in the translation process:
1. Compiler:
- A compiler is a software tool that translates the entire user-written high level language program into object code.
- It takes the source code written in a high level language (such as C, C++, Java) and converts it into machine code or object code that can be directly executed by the computer's processor.
- The compilation process involves several stages such as lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, code generation, and optimization.
- The output of the compiler is an executable file or object file that can be run independently on the target machine without the need for the compiler itself.
2. Interpreter:
- An interpreter is another software tool that executes the high level language program line by line.
- It translates and executes each line of code on the fly, without generating an intermediate object code.
- The interpreter reads the source code, interprets it, and executes the corresponding instructions.
- Unlike a compiler, an interpreter does not produce an executable file. It directly executes the program.
- Interpreted programs are generally slower than compiled programs as they are not optimized for execution.
3. Operating System:
- The operating system is the software that manages and controls the hardware resources of a computer.
- It provides an interface between the user and the computer hardware.
- Although the operating system plays a crucial role in the overall execution of a program, it is not directly involved in the translation process from high level language to object code.
4. Assembler:
- An assembler is a software tool that translates assembly language code into machine code.
- Assembly language is a low level programming language that is specific to a particular computer architecture.
- The assembler converts the assembly language instructions into their corresponding machine code representation.
- Assemblers are not used for translating high level language programs, but rather for programming at a lower level.
In conclusion, the correct answer is compiler as it translates the entire user-written high level language program to object code at once.

Answer:

Software that includes programs to perform a specific task is called application software. Application software is designed to fulfill specific user needs and provide functionality to complete tasks or solve problems.

Examples of application software include:

• Word processors (Microsoft Word, Google Docs)


• Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel, Google Sheets)


• Image editing software (Adobe Photoshop, GIMP)


• Video editing software (Adobe Premiere Pro, iMovie)


• Web browsers (Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox)


• Email clients (Microsoft Outlook, Gmail)


• Accounting software (QuickBooks, Xero)


• Project management software (Asana, Trello)

These applications are designed to be user-friendly and provide a specific set of tools and features to complete tasks efficiently. They can be installed and run on various operating systems, such as Windows, macOS, or Linux.

While application software focuses on specific tasks, the operating system is responsible for managing computer hardware and software resources, providing a platform for other software to run on.

Interpreters are software programs that translate and execute code written in high-level programming languages. They help in running and testing the code without the need for compiling it into machine language.

Examples of High-level languages:
1. BASIC:
- Developed in the 1960s, Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code (BASIC) is a general-purpose, high-level programming language.
- It was designed to be easy to learn and understand, making it suitable for beginners.
2. COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language):
- Created in the late 1950s, COBOL is a high-level programming language primarily used for business applications.
- It is known for its readability and was designed to be easily understood by non-programmers.
3. LOGO:
- Developed in the late 1960s, LOGO is a high-level programming language that is primarily used for educational purposes.
- It is known for its turtle graphics, which allows users to control a virtual turtle to create drawings and animations.
4. FORTRAN (Formula Translation):
- Developed in the 1950s, FORTRAN is a high-level programming language primarily used for scientific and engineering calculations.
- It is known for its efficiency in numerical computations and is widely used in the field of scientific research.
Conclusion:
The examples given, such as BASIC, COBOL, LOGO, and FORTRAN, are all high-level programming languages. These languages are designed to be more human-readable and easier to understand compared to low-level languages. They provide abstractions and built-in functions that simplify the process of programming and make it more accessible for beginners and non-programmers.

Low-level language:

• Low-level languages are programming languages that are closer to machine code and are more hardware-oriented.


• These languages provide little to no abstraction from the computer's hardware.


• They are typically used for tasks that require direct control over the hardware and for optimizing performance.


• Low-level languages are difficult to read and understand by humans as they consist of a series of numeric codes and symbols.


• They are also specific to a particular hardware architecture.

Options:

• A: Logo


• Logo is a high-level programming language that is mainly used for teaching programming concepts to children.


• It provides a more user-friendly and intuitive approach to programming.


• Logo is not a low-level language.



• B: BASIC


• BASIC is a high-level programming language that was designed to be easy to learn and use.


• It provides a simplified syntax and is commonly used for educational purposes and rapid application development.


• BASIC is not a low-level language.



• C: Assembly language


• Assembly language is a low-level programming language that uses mnemonics to represent machine instructions.


• It provides a one-to-one correspondence between the instructions and the machine code.


• Assembly language is specific to a particular hardware architecture and allows direct manipulation of the hardware.


• Assembly language is a low-level language.



• D: Pascal


• Pascal is a high-level programming language that was designed to encourage structured programming.


• It provides a clear and readable syntax and is commonly used for teaching programming and developing software.


• Pascal is not a low-level language.

Therefore, the correct answer is C: Assembly language as it is a low-level language that allows direct manipulation of the hardware.

Answer:
The program written in a high-level language is called a source program. Here is a detailed explanation:
High-level language:
- A high-level language is a programming language that is designed to be easily understood and written by humans.
- Examples of high-level languages include Python, Java, C++, and Ruby.
- High-level languages provide a level of abstraction that allows programmers to write code using English-like statements and mathematical expressions.
Source program:
- A source program is the original program written by a programmer using a high-level programming language.
- It is written in human-readable form and contains instructions and statements that define the desired behavior of the program.
- The source program is written using the syntax and rules of the specific high-level language.
Other options:
- Object program: An object program is the machine code generated by a compiler or assembler from a source program. It is not written in a high-level language.
- Assembly program: An assembly program is written using assembly language, which is a low-level programming language. It is not a high-level language.
- Machine language: Machine language is the low-level language understood by a computer's hardware. It is not a high-level language.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option B: Source program.

False Statement: D: Mainframe computers are larger than supercomputers.
Explanation:
- A mainframe computer is a large and powerful computer that is used for large-scale computing tasks.
- A supercomputer is a computer that is at the forefront of current processing capacity, particularly speed of calculation.
- Mainframe computers and supercomputers are both large and powerful, but they serve different purposes and have different characteristics.
- Supercomputers are designed for highly complex and demanding computational tasks, while mainframe computers are typically used for general-purpose business applications.
- In terms of physical size, mainframe computers are generally larger than supercomputers.
- Supercomputers are often built using a large number of smaller processors, which allows for parallel processing and high-speed calculations.
- Mainframe computers, on the other hand, are often built using a smaller number of more powerful processors.
- Therefore, the statement that mainframe computers are larger than supercomputers is false.
In summary, the false statement is that mainframe computers are larger than supercomputers.

Answer:

Desktop computers are generally referred to as microcomputers.

Explanation:

• Definition: Microcomputers are small, relatively inexpensive computers that are designed for individual use.


• Form factor: Desktop computers are a type of microcomputer that is designed to sit on a desk or table and be used in a stationary location.


• Components: Desktop computers typically consist of a tower or CPU unit, a monitor, a keyboard, and a mouse.


• Power: They are powered by electricity from a wall outlet and are not portable like laptops or mobile devices.


• Usage: Desktop computers are commonly used for tasks such as word processing, internet browsing, gaming, and multimedia production.


• Advantages: They generally offer more processing power, storage capacity, and upgrade options compared to laptops or mobile devices.


• Disadvantages: Desktop computers are not easily portable and require a dedicated workspace.

Therefore, the correct answer is A: microcomputers.

Physical components of a computer:
The physical components of a computer refer to the tangible, physical parts that make up a computer system. These components are essential for the functioning of a computer and include:
1. Central Processing Unit (CPU):
- The CPU is often considered the brain of the computer.
- It performs all the necessary calculations and executes instructions.
2. Motherboard:
- The motherboard is the main circuit board of the computer.
- It houses the CPU, memory, and other essential components.
- It provides the connections for all the other components to communicate with each other.
3. Memory (RAM and ROM):
- RAM (Random Access Memory) is a volatile memory that stores data temporarily while the computer is running.
- ROM (Read-Only Memory) stores permanent instructions that are used during the boot-up process.
4. Storage Devices:
- Hard Disk Drives (HDD) and Solid State Drives (SSD) are used for long-term storage of data and software.
- Optical drives (CD/DVD) and USB drives are used for external storage.
5. Input and Output Devices:
- Input devices include keyboards, mice, and other devices that allow users to input data.
- Output devices include monitors, printers, and speakers that display or produce the results of computer processing.
6. Power Supply Unit (PSU):
- The PSU provides electrical power to the computer components.
7. Expansion Cards:
- These cards are used to add additional functionality to the computer, such as graphics cards, sound cards, or network cards.
8. Cables and Connectors:
- Various cables and connectors are used to connect the different components of the computer.
9. Cooling System:
- A cooling system, including fans and heat sinks, is necessary to prevent overheating of the components.
10. Case:
- The case holds and protects all the components of the computer.
In conclusion, the physical components of a computer are the hardware components that are necessary for the computer to function properly. They include the CPU, motherboard, memory, storage devices, input and output devices, power supply unit, expansion cards, cables and connectors, cooling system, and the case.

Introduction:
When it comes to developing software for a computer, a set of instructions is required to communicate with the computer and tell it what tasks to perform. These instructions are written using a specific language that is understood by both the programmer and the computer. There are various options available for this purpose, but the most common ones are computer languages and programming languages.
Computer Language:
Computer languages are low-level languages that are directly understood by the computer's hardware. They are machine-dependent and specific to a particular computer architecture. Some examples of computer languages include Assembly language and Machine language.
Programming Language:
Programming languages are high-level languages that are designed to be easier for humans to understand and write. They provide a more abstract and human-readable syntax compared to computer languages. Some popular programming languages include C, C++, Java, Python, and JavaScript.
Both a and b:
The correct answer to the question is "Both a and b" because:
- Computer languages are used to communicate directly with the computer's hardware and perform low-level operations.
- Programming languages are used to develop software by writing instructions that are easier for humans to understand and maintain.
- Many programming languages, such as C and C++, allow programmers to write code at a lower level, similar to computer languages.
- The choice of whether to use a computer language or a programming language depends on the specific requirements, complexity, and efficiency considerations of the software being developed.
Command:
While commands are used to interact with the computer's operating system or execute specific tasks, they are not specifically used for developing software. Commands are more commonly used for tasks such as file management, system administration, and running programs.
In conclusion, a set of instructions used for developing software of a computer can be written in both computer languages and programming languages. The choice depends on the requirements and preferences of the programmer.

Programs that direct the operation of a computer system:
- Software: Software programs are the instructions that direct the operation of a computer system. They are a collection of data or instructions that tell the computer how to perform specific tasks or operations.
- Hardware: Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system, such as the processor, memory, storage devices, and input/output devices. While hardware is necessary for the functioning of a computer system, it requires software programs to direct its operations.
- Instruction: An instruction is a specific command or set of commands that tells the computer what operation to perform. Instructions are part of software programs and are executed by the computer's hardware.
- Command: A command is a specific instruction given to the computer system to perform a particular task or operation. Commands are typically issued by the user or an application to interact with the computer system.
Therefore, the correct answer is Software (Option C) as it encompasses the programs that direct the operation of a computer system.

Answer:
The symbols used for storing information in the memory of a computer are binary digits. Here is a detailed explanation:
- Binary digits: Computers store and process information in the form of binary digits, also known as bits. A bit is the smallest unit of information in a computer and can have two possible values: 0 or 1. These binary digits are represented using electrical signals or magnetic fields in the computer's memory.
- Memory: A computer's memory is a hardware component that stores data and instructions that can be accessed by the computer's processor. It consists of millions or billions of memory cells, each capable of storing a binary digit.
- Binary system: Computers use the binary system, which is a base-2 numbering system, to represent and manipulate data. In this system, each digit is a binary digit (0 or 1), and combinations of binary digits can represent larger numbers and other types of information.
- Memory storage: When data is stored in the memory of a computer, it is converted into binary form. For example, an alphanumeric character, such as the letter "A", is represented by a specific binary code. The computer stores this binary code in memory.
- Processing and retrieval: The computer's processor can process and manipulate the binary data stored in memory. It can perform calculations, execute instructions, and retrieve data from memory using memory addresses.
In conclusion, binary digits are used to store information in the memory of a computer. The binary system provides a way to represent and manipulate data, and the computer's memory stores these binary digits for processing and retrieval.

Explanation:
MICR stands for Magnetic Ink Character Reader. It is a technology used in banking for processing checks. Here is a detailed explanation:
Magnetic Ink Character Reader:
- The term "MICR" stands for Magnetic Ink Character Reader.
- It is a technology used in banking for the processing of checks.
- MICR uses special ink containing magnetic particles to print characters on checks.
- The characters printed with MICR ink are in a specific font called E-13B or CMC-7.
- These characters are then read by magnetic ink character readers.
Functionality:
- Magnetic ink character readers are devices that can read and interpret the characters printed with MICR ink.
- The reader uses magnetism to detect and decode the characters.
- It can read the MICR line, which is a line of numbers and symbols printed at the bottom of a check.
- The MICR line contains information such as the bank's routing number, the account number, and the check number.
Benefits of MICR:
- MICR technology provides high accuracy and reliability in check processing.
- It reduces the chances of errors and frauds, as the characters printed with MICR ink are difficult to alter or counterfeit.
- MICR allows for efficient and automated check processing, saving time and resources for banks.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, MICR stands for Magnetic Ink Character Reader, which is a technology used in banking for processing checks. It uses special ink with magnetic particles to print characters on checks, which are then read and interpreted by magnetic ink character readers. MICR technology provides accuracy, reliability, and security in check processing.

Explanation:
The device that cannot be shared in a network is the Mouse. Here is the detailed explanation:
CD-Drive:
- CD-Drives can be shared in a network by enabling file sharing options.
- Users can access the CD-Drive from their computers and use the CD/DVD inserted in it.
Printer:
- Printers can be shared in a network by connecting them to a central server or through network sharing options.
- Users can send print jobs to the shared printer and receive printed documents.
Hard disk:
- Hard disks can be shared in a network by configuring them as shared network drives.
- Users can access the shared hard disk and store or retrieve files from it.
Mouse:
- A mouse is a peripheral device that is used for input purposes and does not have network sharing capabilities.
- It is directly connected to a computer and cannot be accessed or shared over a network.
Therefore, the correct answer is D: Mouse.

Shortest Access Time Memory:
Cache memory has the shortest access time among the given options. Here is a detailed explanation:
Cache memory is a type of high-speed memory that is located between the CPU and main memory. It is designed to store frequently accessed data and instructions to reduce the access time. The main purpose of cache memory is to provide fast data access to the CPU, as accessing data from cache memory takes less time compared to accessing data from main memory.
Access time refers to the time it takes to retrieve data from a particular memory location. Cache memory has a much shorter access time compared to other types of memory. This is because:
1. Proximity to the CPU: Cache memory is physically closer to the CPU, allowing for faster access. It is usually located on the CPU chip itself or in close proximity to it.
2. Small and fast: Cache memory is smaller in size compared to main memory, which allows for faster access. It is built using high-speed static random access memory (SRAM) cells, which have faster read and write times compared to the dynamic random access memory (DRAM) used in main memory.
3. Cache hit: When the CPU requests data, cache memory first checks if the data is already present in its cache. If it is, a cache hit occurs, and the data can be quickly retrieved without accessing the slower main memory.
4. Cache levels: Modern processors often have multiple levels of cache memory, such as L1, L2, and L3 caches. The higher-level caches are larger but have slightly longer access times compared to the lower-level caches. However, even the slowest cache level still has a much shorter access time compared to main memory.
In summary, cache memory has the shortest access time due to its proximity to the CPU, smaller size, faster SRAM technology, and the ability to quickly retrieve data through cache hits.

The correct answer is A: Computer Aided Design.
Here is a detailed explanation of CAD:
Definition:
CAD stands for Computer Aided Design. It refers to the use of computer software to create, modify, analyze, or optimize designs for various industries.
Explanation:
CAD is widely used in engineering, architecture, industrial design, and other fields to improve the efficiency and accuracy of design processes. Here are some key points about CAD:
1. Computer Aided Design: CAD is a technology that allows designers to create and modify designs using specialized software.
2. Design Creation: CAD software provides a range of tools and features to create detailed and precise designs.
3. Design Modification: CAD allows designers to easily modify and update designs without starting from scratch, saving time and effort.
4. Analysis and Optimization: CAD software often includes simulation and analysis tools that help designers evaluate the performance and functionality of their designs.
5. 2D and 3D Design: CAD software supports both 2D and 3D design, allowing designers to visualize their projects in a realistic manner.
6. Collaboration: CAD software often enables collaboration among designers, architects, engineers, and other stakeholders, facilitating efficient teamwork.
7. Integration: CAD software can be integrated with other software and hardware systems, enabling seamless data exchange and interoperability.
8. Industry Applications: CAD is widely used in industries such as automotive, aerospace, construction, manufacturing, and product design.
In conclusion, CAD stands for Computer Aided Design and is a technology used in various industries to create, modify, and optimize designs.