Olympiad Test Level 1: Scientific and Technological Development and Inventions- 1

• Pluto, the ninth planet, is discovered at the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, by astronomer Clyde W. Tombaugh.
• This discovery was announced on March 13, 1930.
• In 2006, Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt.
• It's an area full of icy bodies.

On August 29, 1949, the Soviets tested their first nuclear bomb. The United States responded by launching a program in 1950 to develop more advanced thermonuclear weapons.

On February 4, 2004, a Harvard sophomore named Mark Zuckerberg launches The Facebook, a social media website he had built in order to connect Harvard students with one another.

Fluoroscopy: Uses x-rays and a fluorescent screen to obtain real-time images of movement within the body or to view diagnostic processes, such as following the path of an injected or swallowed contrast agent.

Albert Einstein (March 14, 1879–April 18, 1955), a German-born theoretical physicist who lived during the 20th century, revolutionized scientific thought. Having developed the Theory of Relativity, Einstein opened the door for the development of atomic power and the creation of the atomic bomb.

A famous Atomic scientist and founder Bhabha Atomic Research Centre in Mumbai  was Homi Jahagir Bhabha

• The boiling point of water is lower at higher altitudes due to the decreased atmospheric pressure.
• A liquid boils when its vapour pressure exceeds the local total pressure. At high altitudes, the local air pressure is lower than it is at sea level.
• Thus, the lower pressure allows the liquid to boil at a lower temperature.

• Dry Ice is frozen carbon dioxide. Dry Ice is particularly useful for freezing, and keeping things frozen because of its very cold temperature: -109.3°F or -78.5°C. 
• Dry Ice is widely used because it is simple to freeze and easy to handle using insulated gloves. 
• Dry Ice changes directly from a solid to a gas in normal atmospheric conditions without going through a wet liquid stage. Therefore, it gets the name "dry ice."

• NuSTAR is a NASA-funded small explorer mission that carries the first focusing hard X-ray telescope to orbit. 
• NuSTAR will carry out a two-year primary science mission that focuses on black holes. 
• It will also offer opportunities for a broad range of science investigations, ranging from probing cosmic ray origins to studying the extreme physics around collapsed stars to mapping microflares on the surface of the sun. 

• In 1971, the Mariner 9 spacecraft became the first spacecraft to orbit another planet. While in orbit, Mariner 9 mapped 85 percent of the Martian surface, an objective it inherited from the failed Mariner 8 mission, and collected valuable information about Mars' surface and atmosphere.
• The Mariner 9 mission resulted in a global mapping of the surface of Mars, including the first detailed views of the martian volcanoes, the polar caps, and the satellites Phobos and Deimos.