Practice Test: Environment- 1 - BPSC (Bihar) MCQ

The 'greenhouse effect' is an atmospheric heating phenomenon in which the Earth experiences rise in temperature because certain gases (water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane) in the atmosphere allow incoming sunlight to passthrough but trap heat radiated from the earth's surface.

Solar energy is the free energy that we get from the sun. There is an increased demand for renewable sources of energy in the recent years. Solar energy is clean and environmentally friendly. So many countries are investing their money to produce useful electrical energy from solar energy.

Solar panels are made from silicon and convert solar energy to electrical energy. There are simple steps in which solar cells convert solar power to electrical energy. 

CFCs releases chlorine atoms (radicals) that are responsible the chain reaction leading toformation of oxygen thereby inhibiting the concentration of ozone

Aerosols have a profound impact on the climate because, just like greenhouse gases, they are able to change the Earth’s “radiative”, or energy, balance. Aerosols can control how much energy from the sun reaches the planet’s surface by changing the amount that is absorbed in the atmosphere and the amount that is scattered back out to space. It turns out that most aerosols are cooling — that is to say, they reflect the sun’s energy back out into space. There is only one aerosol — soot, also known as black carbon — that actually helps contribute to global warming by boosting the warming effects of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

A low BOD is an indicator of good quality water, while a high BOD indicates polluted water.

A lichen is not a single organism; it is a stable symbiotic association between a fungus and algae and/or cyanobacteria.

Like all fungi, lichen fungi require carbon as a food source; this is provided by their symbiotic algae and/or cyanobacteria, that are photosynthetic.

The lichen symbiosis is thought to be a mutualism, since both the fungi and the photosynthetic partners, called photobionts, benefit.

1. The advanced heavy-water reactor (AHWR) is the latest Indian design for a next-generation nuclear reactor that burns thorium in its fuel core. It is slated to form the third stage in India's three-stage fuel-cycle plan.

2. Thorium is three times more abundant globally than uranium, with India holding the largest proven reserves of any country.

3. The proposed design of the AHWR is that of a heavy-water-moderated nuclear power reactor that will be the next generation of the PHWR type. It is being developed at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), in Mumbai, India and aims to meet the objectives of using thorium fuel cycles for commercial power generation. The AHWR is a vertical pressure tube type reactor cooled by boiling light water under natural circulation.

• Limonology is the scientific study of the world's inland water bodies such as lakes, artificial reservoirs, rivers, ponds, wetlands, saline lakes, and coastal bays and wetlands. According to F A Forell (1892), the theory of the ocean of lakes is called limnology. Lind (1989) defined the limnology as marine aquatic ecology, is called limnology.

All of them are correct

The by-product is water and heat not carbon dioxide.

The major problem in Coal Gasification is the production of more Carbon Dioxide. This was recently in news due to China’s aggressive use of this technology that is good for local environment but globally the China will be adding more CO2.

Syngas, or synthesis gas, is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide,^[1] in various ratios. The gas often contains some carbon dioxide and methane. so  Nitrogen and  Sulphur Dioxide are not the constituent .

Very heavy rainfall is not responsible for floods in Punjab-Haryana zone. The flood occurred because of heavy and prolonged rainfall in the catchment areas of all the rivers that drains throughout the province, especially Jhelum and Chenab rivers had recorded the highest discharge beyond the channel capacity.

Warning coloration adaptation appears to avoid the mistake encounter of dangerous animals in general, or the encounter of unpalatable organisms by predators. The animals bear this coloration to advertise their being dangerous or unpalatable. Gila monster the only known poisonous lizard has bright black, brown yellow and orange bands. Most poisonous snakes possess warning coloration.

Capillary mechanism has nothing to do with humus

Correct answer is option C) 1 and 2 Only

Explanation:
The World Bank's report titled "Building Resilience for Sustainable Development of the Sundarban" focuses on the following areas:
1. Health issues of human settlements:
- The Sundarbans are home to a large population of people who are highly dependent on the region's natural resources for their livelihoods.
- The report highlights the need to address health issues in these human settlements, which are often remote and lack access to basic healthcare facilities.
- The World Bank emphasizes the importance of improving healthcare infrastructure and services in the region, as well as promoting awareness about health and hygiene among local communities.
2. Destruction of ecosystem services:
- The Sundarbans provide a wide range of ecosystem services, including supporting livelihoods, regulating water and air quality, and providing habitat for numerous species.
- The report highlights the threats to these ecosystem services from various factors, such as climate change, pollution, and over-exploitation of resources.
- The World Bank stresses the need for conservation and restoration efforts to preserve the region's biodiversity and ensure the continued provision of these vital ecosystem services.

Considering these areas of focus, the correct answer is "1 and 2 Only." Coastal mining is not directly addressed in the report, which primarily focuses on human health and the preservation of ecosystem services in the Sundarbans.

Nutrient loading will decrease if excess use of fertilizer is checked. Excess use of fertilizer resultsinto salt encrustation impeding infiltration so locally, inundation is witnessed.

Kacheguda Railway Station under the South Central Railway (SCR) has earned the unique distinction of being the first Energy Efficient 'A1 Category' Railway Station on Indian Railways.
The station has achieved 100% energy efficiency by replacing 1,312 conventional lights with light-emitting diode (LED) lighting, among other steps. 
About 370 ceiling fans, too, were replaced with energy efficient Brushless DC Electrical (BLDC) motors fans, and 12 air conditioners with energy efficient inverter-type air conditioners. 
All these measures would save about 1.76 lakh units and Rs.14.08 lakh per annum with reduction of the connected load by 46.18 kW for Railways.
Kacheguda Railway station is a historic building and had completed 100 years.
Situated in the heart of Hyderabad, it was built in 1916 by the Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway during the reign of Mir Osman Ali Khan, the seventh Nizam.

They can penetrate the animal cells and plant cells. Research has established the veracity of thefacts that Nano particles have great impacts on human immune system.

We have already a huge area cover under rice and wheat and it’s no way helping us in securing nutritional security.

Equatorial evergreen rainforests and moist forests, which includes monsoon forests and montane/cloud forests. Equatorial rainforests, often considered the "real rainforest," are characterized by more than 80 inches (2,000 mm) of rain annually spread evenly throughout the year. These forests have the highest biological diversity and have a well-developed canopy "tier" form of vegetation. Roughly two-thirds of the world's tropical wet forests can be considered the equatorial type.

Read International Monetary Fund (IMF) recent report titled Act Local, Solve Global China stands at first position.

Correct answer is option C) All of the above
Explanation:

The Namami Gange Programme is an integrated conservation mission aimed at restoring and conserving the Ganga River in India. The program focuses on cleaning the river, improving its biodiversity, and promoting sustainable development. The initiative would implicitly strengthen India's compliance with various international conventions, including:
1. Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD):
- The CBD is a multilateral treaty aimed at conserving biological diversity, promoting sustainable use of its components, and ensuring fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources.
2. Ramsar Convention:
- The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty aimed at conserving and ensuring the sustainable use of wetlands and their resources.
3. Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS):
- The CMS is an international treaty that aims to conserve migratory species and their habitats throughout their range countries.
In conclusion, the Namami Gange Programme implicitly strengthens Indian compliance with the Convention of Biological Diversity, Ramsar Convention, and the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals. Thus, the correct answer is "All of the above."

The correct option is Option D.

Rajiv Gandhi Environment Award is given to industrial units that make a significant contribution towards the development of new, or the innovative modification of existing, technologies or adoption and use of clean technologies and practices that substantially reduce or prevent environmental pollution. The award consists of a cash prize of Rupees 2 lakh, trophy and citation.

Dubbed the Green Nobel Prize, the Goldman Prize honors environmental activists from each of the six continental regions: Europe, Asia, North America, Central and South America, Africa, and islands and island nations.

The United Nations Environment Programme (UN Environment) established Champions of the Earth in 2005 as an annual awards programme to recognize outstanding environmental leaders from the public and private sectors, and from civil society.

The correct answer is (c) 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Explanation:

All of these species - whales, sharks, polar bears, and gazelles - have been recently given protection under the UN Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS).
1. Whales: 
- Whales are protected under Appendix I and/or II of the CMS, depending on the species.
- Appendix I lists endangered migratory species that require strict protection, whereas Appendix II lists migratory species that would significantly benefit from international cooperation.
2. Sharks:
- Several shark species are included in Appendix I and/or II of the CMS.
- The CMS aims to protect sharks from threats such as overfishing, bycatch, and habitat degradation, which have led to declines in many shark populations.
3. Polar Bears:
- Polar bears are listed in Appendix II of the CMS.
- Climate change and loss of sea ice habitat are the main threats to polar bears, as they rely on sea ice to hunt seals, their primary prey.
4. Gazelles:
- Several gazelle species, such as the Dorcas Gazelle and the Mongolian Gazelle, are listed in Appendix I and/or II of the CMS.
- Gazelles face threats such as habitat loss, illegal hunting, and competition with livestock for resources.

In conclusion, all four species - whales, sharks, polar bears, and gazelles - have been given protection under the UN Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). The CMS aims to conserve these species by promoting international cooperation and implementing conservation measures to address threats they face in their migratory ranges.

The horticulture sector including fruits, vegetables, root & tuber crops, mushroom, spices, flowers, aromatic plants, cashew and cocoa ensuring linkages with the active participation of almost all the stake holders.

India is second largest producer of fish in the world- IYB

In news: Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana has achieved the 5 crore mark.

The PMUY was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 1 May, 2016 in Ballia, Uttar Pradesh. Under this scheme, five crore LPG connections will be provided to BPL families and those will be issued in the name of women of the families.

Ensuring women's empowerment, especially in rural India, the connections will be issued in the name of women of the households.

The correct answer is Chemical.

Key Points

• The Bhopal gas tragedy occurred on 2-3 December 1984 at the chemical plant of Union Carbide. 
• It was happened due to leakage of Methyl Isocyanate (CH3NCO) from the pesticide plant of Union Carbide (now Dow Chemicals), an MNC, in Madhya Pradesh capital Bhopal.
• It is estimated that about 40 tonnes of gas and other chemicals leaked from the Union Carbide factory.
• Methyl isocyanate is an extremely toxic gas and if its concentration in the air touches 21ppm (parts per million).
• It can cause death within minutes of inhaling the gas.
• that led to the death of 4000 people and affected the life of Lakh of people.

Mudiyettu is a traditional ritual theatre and folk dance drama from Kerala that enacts the mythological tale of a battle between the goddess Kali and the demon Darika. The ritual is a part of the bhagavathi or bhadrakali cult. The dance is performed in bhadrakali temples, the temples of the Mother Goddess, between February and May after the harvesting season.

Koodiyattam (Malayalam: കൂടിയാട്ടം; IAST: kūṭiyāṭṭaṁ; lit. 'combined act') is a traditional performing art form in the state of Kerala, India. It is a combination of ancient Sanskrit theatre with elements of Koothu, an ancient performing art from the Sangam era. It is officially recognised by UNESCO as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.