SA I - Full Biology Test 2 - Class 10 MCQ

Wings of bird and wings of insect both are analogous as both of them perform the same function of flight while structures and origin are different. Feathers of birds originate from their forelimbs, the wings of insects originate from the inner or outer surface of the insect’s body.

A) Cells functioning together form tissue and tissue in turn form organs.

B) organs with same origin but different function- homologous organs. e.g. limbs of bat and human.

C) organs with different origin but same function- analogous organs.e. g. Wings of butterfly and birds.

D) appendix is non functional part in human body.

The carriers of factor (genes) are chromosomes and transfer hereditary information from one generation to another.

Gregor Mendel is called the father of genetics because he was the first person in the world to observe the fact that characteristics were passed on from the parents to the children.

A) Knightia is an extinct fish.

B) archaeopteryx is a link between reptiles and birds.

C) pisum sativum is botanical name of garden pea.

D) Duck billed Platypus is a link between mammals and reptiles.

Mendel selected pisum sativum (a pea plant )of his ground to observe the characterstics of progeny produced.

Wind velocity doesn't affect the photosynthesis. Unlike light intensity, CO₂ concentration, and temperature which are the major factors influencing the rate of photosynthesis, the wind has no effect on the reactions and the rate of reactions going in the chloroplast of the leaves of the plant.

Fragmentation or clonal fragmentation in multi cellular or colonial organisms is a form of asexual reproduction or cloning in which an organism is split into fragments. Each of these fragments develop into mature, fully grown individuals that are clones of the original organism.

Multiple fission at the cellular level occurs in many protists, e.g. sporozoans and algae. The nucleus of the parent cell divides several times by mitosis, producing several nuclei. The cytoplasm then separates, creating multiple daughter cells.

A mode of reproduction resembling multiple fission, common among Protozoa, in which the organism breaks up into a number of pieces, or spores , each of which eventually develops into an organism like the parent form. The formation of reproductive cells or spores , as in the growth of bacilli.

Grafting and budding are horticultural techniques used to join parts from two or more plants so that they appear to grow as a single plant . In grafting, the upper part (scion) of one plant grows on the root system (rootstock) of another plant . In the budding process, a bud is taken from one plant and grown on another

A bisexual flower consists of both the male and the female reproductive parts. The male part is known as the stamen and the female is the carpel/pistil.

progestrone hormone is released during parturition that creates uterine contraction like situation  that cause labour pain.

A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filament and an anther which contains microsporangia. Most commonly anthers are two-lobed and are attached to the filament either at the base or in the middle area of the anther. The sterile tissue between the lobes is called the connective. A pollen grain develops from a microspore in the microsporangium and contains the male gametophyte.

The genotype  is the part (DNA sequence) of the genetic makeup of a cell, and therefore of an organism or individual, which determines a specific characteristic  of that cell/organism/individual.

• Heredity is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring, either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction; the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents.
• Variation, in biology, any difference between cells, individual organisms, or groups of organisms of any species caused either by genetic differences (genotypic variation) or by the effect of environmental factors on the expression of the genetic potentials (phenotypic variation).
• The branch of biological science which deals with heredity and variations is termed as Genetics. The word ‘genetics’ (a Greek word meaning to generate) was proposed by William Bateson (1902).
• In biology, evolution is the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations and relies on the process of natural selection. The theory of evolution is based on the idea that all species' are related and gradually change over time.

Gregor John Mendel is considered as father of genetics as he laid down the principles or laws of inheritance for the first time. Though his works were based on plants but the laws governing inheritance patterns are also applicable to humans and hence we call them as “ Mendel's Laws of Inheritance”.

Carbon dioxide and nitrogen wastes transported through blood by dissolving in plasma in water soluble simpler molecular form, as CO₂ can dissolve with the nitrogen wastes or bind easily with the plasma proteins.

A tadpole lives under water so it only has one way of gas exchange (through the gills). First, the tadpoles open their mouth to let water enter. Then, the water moves into the gills which contain small membranes called lamella.

Wings of parrot and wings of a housefly perform the function of flying. But the parrot’s wings are originated from the mesoderm and are supported by bones while the housefly’s wings are ectodermal in origin are supported by the chitinous structures.

Adrenal gland is located on top of each kidney that releases adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol.

It coordinates and regulates muscular activity.

Plant growth regulators function as chemical messengers for intercellular communication . There are currently five recognized groups of plant hormones: auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene. They work together coordinating the growth and development of cells.

As during fertilisation, sperm only gives nucleus, but ova gives nucleus as well as cytoplasm. Therefore, the mitochondrial DNA and other cytoplasmic factors are inherited directly from mother. there are some traits which are exclusively linked with Y- chromosome and they are inherited by the male child directly from father.

Gregor John Mendel is considered as father of genetics as he laid down the principles or laws of inheritance for the first time. Though his works were based on plants but the laws governing inheritance patterns are also applicable to humans and hence we call them as “ Mendel's Laws of Inheritance”.

Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms. It is generally considered a field of biology, but intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems.

Renal vein contains less nitrogenous waste as Renal artery brings oxygenated blood to the kidneys from the aorta which arises out of heart, Pulmonary artery and vein also carries blood from heart to lungs and lungs to heart respectively but this blood is not pure and has nitrogenous waste in it while renal vein carries deoxygenated but filtered blood to the heart from where it is again pumped to the entire body.

In cellular respiration, an organism oxidises glucose (i.e., combines it with oxygen) so as to form the energy-rich compound known as Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). ATP, critical to metabolism (the breakdown of nutrients to provide energy or form new material), is the compound used by cells to carry out most of their ordinary functions. Among those functions are the production of new cell parts and chemicals, the movement of compounds through cells and the body as a whole, and growth.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary reactions. Cellular respiration is the process by which most cells make energy. The products of photosynthesis, oxygen and glucose, are the reactants of the cellular respiration reaction.

A) Part of kale which is eaten is it's leaf.

B) Part of kohlrabi which is eaten is it's swollen stem.

C) Part of broccoli which is eaten is it's immature flowers.

D) Part of cabbage which is eaten is terminal overlapped buds.

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, located superiorly and anteriorly in relation to the brainstem; primary function of Cranial menings is to protect the nervous system. It is three layer protective tissue that surround the neuraxis; olfactory lobe Either member of a pair of lobes in the forebrain, at the anterior end of the cerebrum; the part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates, which coordinates and regulates muscular activity.

Hormones known as posterior pituitary hormones are synthesized by the hypothalamus, and include oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone.

Charles Darwin was a British naturalist who proposed the theory of biological evolution by natural selection. Darwin defined evolution as "descent with modification," the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor. The mechanism that Darwin proposed for evolution is natural selection. Because resources are limited in nature, organisms with heritable traits that favor survival and reproduction will tend to leave more offspring than their peers, causing the traits to increase in frequency over generations.