Science Olympiad Test: Carbon and Its Compounds- 1 - Class 10 MCQ

• Catenation: The unique property of the 'C' element to be able to form continuous links with other 'C' atoms through covalency called catenation, is one reason for the existence of a large number of organic compounds.
• Tetravalency: The carbon atom's four valence electrons can be shared by other atoms that have electrons to share, thus forming covalent (shared-electron) bonds. They can even be shared by other carbon atoms, which in turn can share electrons with other carbon atoms and so on, forming long strings of carbon atoms, bonded to each other like links in a chain.
• Isomerism: The same collection of atoms and bonds, but in a different geometrical arrangement within the molecule, makes a molecule with a different shape and hence different properties. These different molecules are called isomers.
• Multiple Bond: Carbon atoms can share not only a single electron with another atom to form a single bond, but it can also share two or three electrons, forming a double or triple bond.

The structure of ethane is 

Only (i) and (ii) has the same M.F. (C4H10) while (ii) and (iv) have C₄H₈ as the M.F.

An ester is an organic compound that is a derivative of a carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group has been replaced with an alkyl group.

Buckminsterfullerene (C₆₀) or buckyball is one of the allotropes of carbon. The structure of fullerene is like in a cage shape due to which it looks like a football.

Denatured alcohol, also called methylated spirits has additives to make it poisonous, extremely bad tasting, foul smelling or nauseating. This is done in order to discourage its recreational consumption.

Nitrogen has three electrons in its outermost shell and hydrogen has 1. 3 hydrogen atoms combine with 1 nitrogen atom to make ammonia. These bonds are single bonds.
Single bond: When two atoms share one electron pair between each other, then they are said to be bonded by single covalent bond, denoted by single dash joining the atoms.

In its innermost shell, the carbon atom has two electrons and four valence electrons. When it forms covalent bonds with four univalent atoms, it gains an extra four electrons by sharing them. In its outermost shell, there are now 8 electrons. This is similar to neon’s electronic configuration, which is electronic configuration 2, 8.
The electron configuration of neon is
Ne(Z = 10) = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶

The molecular formula must be the same for both the molecules but the arrangement of atoms should be different. For example, look at the structure of n-butane and isobutane. Both of these molecules have the same molecular formula that is C₄H₁₀.

Rubbing alcohol is common name of isopropyl alcohol (C₃H₇OH).