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Second Law Of Thermodynamics MCQ Level - 1 (Part - 1) - Physics MCQ


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Second Law Of Thermodynamics MCQ Level - 1 (Part - 1) - Question 1

A sample of an ideal gas with initial pressure p and volume V is taken through an isothermal expansion proceed during which the change in entropy is found to be ΔS. The universal gas constant is R. Then, the work done by the gas is given by :

Detailed Solution for Second Law Of Thermodynamics MCQ Level - 1 (Part - 1) - Question 1

By ideal gas equation,
pV = nRT     ...(i)
and     ...(ii)
Multiplying Equation (i) and (ii),
pVΔQ = nRΔS
⇒ 
∴ For isothermal expansion ΔV = 0

The correct answer is: (pVΔS)\(nR)

Second Law Of Thermodynamics MCQ Level - 1 (Part - 1) - Question 2

A Carnot engine operating between 27°C and 127°C has efficiency equal to
Select one:

Detailed Solution for Second Law Of Thermodynamics MCQ Level - 1 (Part - 1) - Question 2

T1 = (27 + 273)K = 300K
T2 = (127 + 273)K = 400K
Efficiency,  

The correct answer is: 25%

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Second Law Of Thermodynamics MCQ Level - 1 (Part - 1) - Question 3

T-S diagram for a Carnot’s cycle is
Select one:

Detailed Solution for Second Law Of Thermodynamics MCQ Level - 1 (Part - 1) - Question 3

 A Carnot cycle can be represented in a T-S diagram, with T along the y-axis and S (entropy) along the x-axis. The isotherms are parallel horizontal lines at Tc and Th. The isentropes are parallel vertical lines (by definition they are of constant entropy). Thus, a Carnot cycle is represented by a rectangle.

Second Law Of Thermodynamics MCQ Level - 1 (Part - 1) - Question 4

The entropy of an isolated system
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Detailed Solution for Second Law Of Thermodynamics MCQ Level - 1 (Part - 1) - Question 4

The entropy of an isolated system increases in an irreversible process

The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of an isolated system never decreases because isolated systems always evolve toward thermodynamic equilibrium, a state with maximum entropy.

Hence the entropy of an isolated system increases in an irreversible process.

Second Law Of Thermodynamics MCQ Level - 1 (Part - 1) - Question 5

A Carnot cycle operates on a working substance between two reservoirs at temperatures T1 and T2 ,  where, T1 > T2 . Amount of heat Q1 is extracted from the reservoir at T1 and an amount Q2 is delivered to the reservoir at T2. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Detailed Solution for Second Law Of Thermodynamics MCQ Level - 1 (Part - 1) - Question 5

Carnot cycle is a reversible process ideally and in reversible processes the entropy of universe remains constant instead of increasing as in an irreversible process.
 

Second Law Of Thermodynamics MCQ Level - 1 (Part - 1) - Question 6

Two ends of a rod are kept at 127°C and 227°C. When 2000 cal of heat flows in this rod, then the change in entropy is
Select one:

Detailed Solution for Second Law Of Thermodynamics MCQ Level - 1 (Part - 1) - Question 6

 Answer :- d

Solution :- T1 = 127 + 273 = 400K

T2 = 227 + 273 = 500K

dT = T2 - T1

dT = 500 - 400 = 100

dS = dQ/dT

dS = 2000/100

dS = 20cal/K

Second Law Of Thermodynamics MCQ Level - 1 (Part - 1) - Question 7

At 0 K, fluids are assumed to have
Select one:

Detailed Solution for Second Law Of Thermodynamics MCQ Level - 1 (Part - 1) - Question 7

Entropy is the measurement of Randomness of a System. Increase in thermal energy increases the randomness and hence Entropy. Now decreasing the temperature of a fluid results in decrease in it's thermal energy which decreases the randomness of the system which in turn decreases the entropy of the fluid. Now there is a finite randomness at normal temperature in the fluid and as we proceed from a higher temperature to a lower temperature the randomness decreases so does the entropy. After continuing this process when we reach 0K further no thermal energy can be extracted from the fluid and hence the system can be said to be completely ordered and as the system is ordered (i.e zero randomness) the entropy is assumed to be zero.

Second Law Of Thermodynamics MCQ Level - 1 (Part - 1) - Question 8

The area of the Carnot cycle on a T-S diagram represents
Select one:

Detailed Solution for Second Law Of Thermodynamics MCQ Level - 1 (Part - 1) - Question 8

 

During the reversible process, the energy transfer as heat to the system from the surroundings is given by
Hence the area enclosed by a cycle on a T − S diagram represents the net work done by a system.
It also represents  

Second Law Of Thermodynamics MCQ Level - 1 (Part - 1) - Question 9

A reversible heat engine can have 100% efficiency if the temperature of sink is
Select one:

Detailed Solution for Second Law Of Thermodynamics MCQ Level - 1 (Part - 1) - Question 9

Efficiency of heat engine = Tsource−Tsink  / Tsource ( All temperatures in kelvin )
Hence , efficiency is 100% if Tsink = 0 K

Second Law Of Thermodynamics MCQ Level - 1 (Part - 1) - Question 10

Which of the following is a property of entropy?
Select one:

Detailed Solution for Second Law Of Thermodynamics MCQ Level - 1 (Part - 1) - Question 10
Properties of Entropy:

  • Entropy increases during an irreversible operation: Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system. During irreversible operations, such as heat transfer from a hot body to a cold body, the disorder in the system increases, leading to an increase in entropy.

  • Net change in entropy in a reversible cycle is zero: In a reversible cycle, the system undergoes a series of processes where the system is in equilibrium at every step. As a result, the entropy change for each step cancels out, leading to a net change in entropy of zero for the entire cycle.

  • Change in entropy during an adiabatic operation is zero: An adiabatic process is one where there is no heat transfer between the system and its surroundings. Since entropy is related to heat transfer, in an adiabatic operation, there is no change in entropy.


Conclusion:

All of the above properties are characteristics of entropy, highlighting its role in thermodynamics and energy transfer processes. Understanding these properties is essential for analyzing and predicting the behavior of systems in various physical and chemical processes.

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