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Judiciary Exams Exam  >  Judiciary Exams Tests  >  Important Acts and Laws for Judiciary Exams  >  Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Judiciary Exams MCQ

Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Judiciary Exams MCQ


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15 Questions MCQ Test Important Acts and Laws for Judiciary Exams - Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws

Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws for Judiciary Exams 2024 is part of Important Acts and Laws for Judiciary Exams preparation. The Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws questions and answers have been prepared according to the Judiciary Exams exam syllabus.The Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws MCQs are made for Judiciary Exams 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws below.
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Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 1
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According to the legal case of Naresh Sridhar Mirajkar v. the State of Maharashtra (1966), what did the court emphasize about the power of a judicial decision made by a competent court?

Detailed Solution for Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 1
The court emphasized that a judicial decision made by a competent court does not have the power to infringe upon the fundamental rights of citizens. The primary role of a judicial decision is to resolve the specific dispute presented before the court and nothing beyond that. This underscores the court's limited scope of authority in such matters.
Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 2
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In the case of Rajasthan Electricity Board v. Mohan Lal (1967), what significant action did the Supreme Court take?

Detailed Solution for Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 2
The Supreme Court, in the case of Rajasthan Electricity Board v. Mohan Lal (1967), laid down a test for determining whether certain bodies would fall under the category of 'other authorities.' This test provided clarity on the classification of such entities, helping to define their roles and responsibilities within the legal framework.
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Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 3
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In the case of Rajasthan Electricity Board v. Mohan Lal (1967), what was the primary issue that led to the dispute between the Board and certain workers?

Detailed Solution for Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 3
The dispute between the Rajasthan State Electricity Board and certain workers in the case revolved around promotions, which triggered claims under Article 14 and Article 16 of the Constitution. This issue raised questions about whether the Board falls within the scope of Part III of the Constitution and qualifies as 'State' under Article 12.
Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 4
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In Sukhdev Singh v. Bhagatram (1975), what was the key consideration in determining whether entities like ONGC, LIC, and IFC should be considered 'state' under Article 12?
Detailed Solution for Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 4
The panel of five judges in Sukhdev Singh v. Bhagatram (1975) focused on the substantial financial backing these organizations received from the government and the significant level of governmental oversight they were subject to. This scrutiny was pivotal in determining whether these entities should be classified as 'state' under Article 12.
Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 5
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What test was introduced by Justice P.N. Bhagwati in the case of R.D. Shetty v. Airport Authority of India (1979) to determine an entity's status as an agency of the state?
Detailed Solution for Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 5
Justice P.N. Bhagwati introduced a 5-point test in the case of R.D. Shetty v. Airport Authority of India (1979) to determine whether an entity should be considered as an agency of the state. This test provided a structured approach to assess the nature of an entity's relationship with the government, helping in clarifying its status in relation to state functions and responsibilities.
Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 6
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In the context of determining whether an entity should be considered 'state' under Article 12, what criteria did the court consider in the case of Sabhajit Tewary v. Union of India (1975)?
Detailed Solution for Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 6
In the case of Sabhajit Tewary v. Union of India (1975), the court deliberated on whether the entity should be considered 'state' under Article 12 by considering whether the entity operates under significant government control. This criterion is crucial in determining the classification of an entity as 'state' as it signifies the level of governmental oversight and influence on the entity's operations.
Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 7
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According to the criteria outlined in the R.D Shetty v. Airport Authority of India (1979) case, which of the following conditions would suggest that an agency falls under the scope of Article 12 of the Constitution?
Detailed Solution for Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 7
In the context of the R.D Shetty v. Airport Authority of India (1979) case, when the State exercises significant control over the operations of an agency, it suggests that the agency falls under the scope of Article 12 of the Constitution. This control implies a level of governmental influence and oversight in the agency's functioning, aligning it with the criteria established in the case law. Such control signifies a relationship where the State plays a substantial role in directing or supervising the agency's activities, indicating a governmental character.
Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 8
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In the case of Som Prakash v. Union of India (1980), the Supreme Court determined that a Government company such as Bharat Petroleum Corporation falls within the definition of 'the State' under Article 12 primarily because:
Detailed Solution for Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 8
The Supreme Court's decision in the case of Som Prakash v. Union of India (1980) regarding Bharat Petroleum Corporation's classification as 'the State' under Article 12 was based on the premise that the corporation is subject to significant government control and influence. This determination underscores the importance of governmental authority and supervision over the entity, indicating a level of State involvement in its operations and decision-making processes. By recognizing the extent of government control, the Court established the corporation's status within the constitutional framework, highlighting the significance of such oversight in defining its relationship with the State.
Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 9
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According to the case of Som Prakash v. Union of India (1980), what entities are included under the term "other authorities" as per Article 12?
Detailed Solution for Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 9
As per the case of Som Prakash v. Union of India (1980), the term "other authorities" under Article 12 encompasses constitutional or statutory bodies empowered to advance economic activities. This extends beyond just statutory corporations to include various entities affiliated with the government. The case raised the crucial question of whether private corporations are covered by Article 12, a matter that remains unresolved.
Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 10
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What was the key unresolved question presented to the Court in the case of Som Prakash v. Union of India (1980)?
Detailed Solution for Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 10
In the case of Som Prakash v. Union of India (1980), the central unresolved question posed to the Court was whether a private corporation is covered by the term "other authorities" in Article 12. This question remains significant as it pertains to the extent of inclusion of private entities under the constitutional or statutory bodies defined in the article.
Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 11
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In the context of judicial interpretations of fundamental rights, what did the court establish in the case of A.R. Antulay v. R.S. Naik (1988) regarding the appropriate course of action when a judicial order indirectly impacts a person's fundamental rights?
Detailed Solution for Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 11
In the case of A.R. Antulay v. R.S. Naik (1988), the court established that when a judicial order from a competent court indirectly impacts a person's fundamental rights, the appropriate course of action is not to claim a violation of these rights under Article 32 or 226. Instead, individuals should challenge the court's decision by alleging that it does not align with fundamental rights, pursuing the matter through an appeal or review process.
Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 12
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What criteria did the court consider in the Pradeep Kumar Biswas v. Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (2002) case to determine whether an entity falls under 'other authorities' as per Article 12 of the Indian Constitution?
Detailed Solution for Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 12
In the Pradeep Kumar Biswas v. Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (2002) case, the court established that an entity could be classified as an 'other authority' and thus a 'state' under Article 12 if it is functionally, financially, and administratively controlled by the government. This criterion was crucial in determining the entity's classification under the Indian Constitution.
Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 13
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What were the key reasons why the Board for Control of Cricket (BCCI) was determined not to fall within the scope of Article 12 of the Indian Constitution in the Zee Telefilms v. Union of India (2005) case?
Detailed Solution for Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 13
In the Zee Telefilms v. Union of India (2005) case, the court ruled that the Board for Control of Cricket (BCCI) did not fall within the scope of Article 12 of the Indian Constitution due to the lack of government-held share capital, non-establishment by statute, and absence of performance of governmental functions. These factors led to the determination that the BCCI was not considered a state entity under Article 12.
Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 14
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In the case of Sanjaya Bahel v. Union of India & Others in 2019, what was the core issue related to the United Nations as per Article 12 of the Indian Constitution?
Detailed Solution for Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 14
The key issue addressed in the case of Sanjaya Bahel v. Union of India & Others in 2019 revolved around the categorization of the United Nations as a "State" under Article 12 of the Indian Constitution. The court clarified that the United Nations does not meet the criteria outlined in Article 12 to be considered a "State." This case highlighted the importance of understanding the specific qualifications required for an entity to fall within the scope of Article 12, emphasizing the legal implications of such categorizations.
Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 15
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What was the key rationale behind the court's decision regarding the status of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) under Article 12 of the Indian Constitution?
Detailed Solution for Test: Article 12 of The Constitution – Case Laws - Question 15
The court's decision regarding the status of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) under Article 12 of the Indian Constitution was primarily based on the fact that the BCCI did not have government-held share capital. This criterion, along with others such as establishment by statute and performing governmental functions for public welfare, was considered in determining that the BCCI did not fall within the scope of Article 12. This ruling set a significant precedent regarding the application of constitutional provisions to entities like the BCCI.
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