Test: Biological Classification - 1

Five kingdom classification was proposed by R.H. Whittaker in 1969.
The kingdoms identified by him were:

• Monera
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae  
• Animalia

Hence, the correct option is D
NCERT Reference: Page no. 17 (1st paragraph) of chapter 2 of NCERT

• Monera is a kingdom that contains unicellular organisms with a prokaryotic (is a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane- bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane- bound organelle.) cell organization, like bacteria.
• They are single- celled organisms with no true nuclear membrane. The taxon Monera was first proposed as a phylum by Ernst Haeckel in 1866. 

Hence, the correct option is B
NCERT Reference: Page no. 18 (3rd line) of chapter 2 of NCERT

• Archaebacteria have a rigid cell wall which helps them to survive in extreme conditions like high salt concentration (halophiles) and very high temperature (thermophiles).

Hence, the correct answer is B
NCERT Reference: Page no. 19 of topic “2.1.1 Archaebacteria” of chapter 2 of NCERT

• Symbiotic association between an alga and a fungus is called Lichens.
• Algae prepare food due to the presence of chlorophyll and fungus absorbs nutrients and provides protection to algae.

Hence, the correct option is C
NCERT Reference: Page no. 27 topic “Lichens” of chapter 2 of NCERT

• Kingdom Protista, kingdom Fungi, kingdom Plantae possess nuclear membrane while kingdom Monera do not possess nuclear membrane.
• The kingdom Monera is considered the most primitive group. These organisms are unicellular prokaryotes that do not have membrane-bound cell organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, etc.

Hence, the correct option is A
NCERT Reference: Page no. 17 “TABLE 2.1 Characteristics of the Five Kingdoms” of chapter 2 of NCERT

• Methanogens are a group of obligate anaerobic ancient and primitive bacteria.
• Methanogens are present in the gut of several ruminant animals such as cows and buffaloes and they are responsible for the production of methane (biogas) from the dung of these animals.
• They are involved in methanogenesis and produce methane gas.

Hence, the correct option is B
NCERT Reference: Page no. 19 topic “2.1.1 Archaebacteria” of chapter 2 of NCERT

• Chitin is a modified polysaccharide that contains nitrogen.
• Chitin is synthesised from a long-chain of N-acetylglucosamine polymer and is a glucose derivative.
• This polysaccharide is a primary component of cell walls in the fungi, arthropod exoskeletons such as crustaceans and insects, mollusc's radula, cephalopod beaks, and fish.

Hence, the correct option is B
NCERT Reference: Page no. 17 “TABLE 2.1 Characteristics of the Five Kingdoms” of chapter 2 of NCERT

Fungi is important in the nutrient cycle and acts as a decomposer along with bacteria and minerlisers of the biosphere to regulate recycling of nutrients in the biosphere.

Hence, the correct option is C
NCERT Reference: Page no. 24 topic “2.3.4 Deuteromycetes” of chapter 2 of NCERT

• Viruses are acellular, which means they don't have a cellular structure.
• Bacteriophages are viruses that infect the simplest living species and are one of the most complex virus particles.

Hence, the correct option is B
NCERT Reference: Page no. 25 topic “2.6 VIRUSES, VIROIDS, PRIONS AND LICHENS” of chapter 2 of NCERT

In Whittaker’s five kingdom of classification:

1. Kingdom protista 
2. Kingdom fungi 
3. Kingdom plantae
4. Kingdom animalia are eukaryotic organisms.

The kingdom monera includes prokaryotic organisms.

Hence, the correct option is D
NCERT Reference: Page no. 17 “TABLE 2.1 Characteristics of the Five Kingdoms” of chapter 2 of NCERT

Prokaryotes differ from Eukaryotes in absence of nuclear membrane and membrane-bounded organelles like mitochondria, Golgi bodies etc.

Hence, the correct option is C
NCERT Reference: page no. 17 “TABLE 2.1 Characteristics of the Five Kingdoms” of chapter 2 of NCERT

• Euglena is a special type of organism as it shows a mixotrophic mode of nutrition i.e. in presence of sunlight it is photosynthetic and in absence of sunlight it derives nutrition by saprophytic modes.

Hence, the correct option is A
NCERT Reference: Page no. 21 topic “2.2.3 Euglenoids” of chapter 2 of NCERT

• Reserve food materials can be fats or complex carbohydrates like Starch. In fungi, the reserve food material is a multibranched polysaccharide called Glycogen.
• In fungus, the food reserve is glycogen and fat.

Hence, the correct option is D
NCERT Reference: Page no. 25 topic “2.5 KINGDOM ANIMALIA” of chapter 2 of NCERT

• Viroids are smaller than viruses and cause potato spindle tuber disease.
• It was found to be a free RNA; it lacks the protein coat that is found in viruses, hence the name viroid.
• The RNA of the viroid was of low molecular weight.

Hence, the correct option is C
NCERT Reference: page no. 27 topic “Viroids” of chapter 2 of NCERT

• Kingdom Protista has brought together Chlamydomonas, and Chlorella which was earlier placed in Algae (within plants and both having cell walls) with Paramoecium and Amoeba which were earlier placed in the animal kingdom which lacks cell wall.

Hence, the correct option is A
NCERT Reference: Page no. 18 (1st paragraph) of chapter 2 of NCERT

Fig: Cyanobacteria

• A heterocyst is a differentiated cyanobacterial cell that carries out nitrogen fixation.
• The heterocysts function as the sites for nitrogen fixation under aerobic conditions.
• They are formed in response to lack of fixed nitrogen.

Hence, the correct option is 'B'
NCERT Reference: Page no. 19  topic “2.1.2 Eubacteria” of chapter 2 of NCERT

• Mycoplasma has no cell wall. It is parasite and is present in urogenital tract and blood smears.
• They are the smallest living cells and are capable of causing diseases.

Hece, the correct answer is C
NCERT Reference: Page no. 20 of topic “ 2.1.2 Eubacteria” of chapter 2 of NCERT

• Mushrooms are the commonly known form of Basidiomycetes, called bracket fungi or puffballs.
• They grow in soil, on logs and tree stumps and in living plant bodies as parasites, e.g., rusts and smuts.

Hence, the correct option is B
NCERT Reference: Page no. 24  topic “2.3.3 Basidiomycetes” of chapter 2 of NCERT

• A virus is an infectious agent that typically consists of the nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat. Nucleic acid could be either DNA or RNA.
• In our environment, viruses exist in two states - extracellular and intracellular.
• Extracellular before it invades the host cell and once the virus invades a host cell, it is in an intracellular state.
• Antibiotics can't kill viruses because viruses have a different structure and replicate in a different way.
• Antibiotics work by targeting the growth machinery in bacteria (Not viruses).

Hence, the correct option is B
NCERT Reference: Page no. 26 (last paragraph) of chapter 2 of NCERT

• Unlike organisms in the other five kingdoms which are living, viruses are non-living organisms.
• They don’t even have basic unit of life i.e. cell.
• Hence, they are not categorised in any of the kingdoms.

Hence, the correct answer is B
 

NCERT Reference: Page no. 25 of topic “2.6 VIRUSES, VIROIDS, PRIONS AND LICHENS” of chapter 2 of NCERT

Rhizopus also called as bread mould belongs to Phycomycetes or conjugation fungi. Other well known examples of Phycomycetes or Conjugation fungi are Mucor and Albugo (Mustard fungi).

 

Hence, the correct answer is B
NCERT Reference: Page no. 23 of topic “2.3.1 Phycomycetes” of chapter 2 of NCERT

• Asexual reproduction in fungi takes place by conidia, zoospore, sporangiospores, chlamydospores and oidia.
• In some fungi, the spores are not formed inside a sporangium. They are born free on the tips of special branches called conidiophores.
• These spores thus formed are called conidiophores for example in Penicillium.

Fig: Formation of Conidiophores

Hence, the correct option is D
NCERT Reference: Page no. 23  topic “2.3 KINGDOM FUNGI” of chapter 2 of NCERT

• Deuteromycetes can’t produce spores sexually.
• Asexual spores in Deuteromycetes are called as Conidia.
• Deuteromycetes are also called as imperfect fungi due to absence of sexual reproduction.

Fig: Conidia

Hence, the correct answer is D
NCERT Reference: Page no. 24 of topic “2.3.4 Deuteromycetes” of chapter 2 of NCERT

• Movement in paramecium is due to hair-like structures called cilia that grow on its body.
• Paramoecium can move actively due to the presence of thousands of cilia.
• Cilia perform rhythmic movement in order to steer food containing water into the gullet.

Hence, the correct answer is C
NCERT Reference: Page no. 22 of topic “2.2.5 Protozoans” of chapter 2 of NCERT

• They do not grow in polluted areas and are found growing well only in non-polluted areas.

Therefore, Lichens are the indicators of pollutants or pollution and do not grow in polluted areas.

Hence, the correct option is A
NCERT Reference: Page no. 27  topic “Lichens” of chapter 2 of NCERT