Test: Biology - 2

Adrenaline is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands during high stress or exciting situations. This powerful hormone is part of the human body's acute stress response system, also called the "fight or flight" response. It works by stimulating the heart rate, contracting blood vessels, and dilating air passages, all of which work to increase blood flow to the muscles and oxygen to the lungs. Additionally, it is used as a medical treatment for some potentially life-threatening conditions including anaphylactic shock. In the US, the medical community largely refers to this hormone as epinephrine, although the two terms may be used interchangeably. 

Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body in organs such as the liver. Most of the vitamin A that we consume goes to the liver to be stored until it is needed by another part of the body.

Milk is a good source of thiamin, riboflavin and vitamin B12. Milk contains the fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K.

Growth hormone is produced in the growth-stimulating somatotropic cells of the pituitary gland, which is located at the base of the brain. 

Pellagra is a disease caused by low levels of niacin, also known as vitamin B-3. It's marked by dementia, diarrhea, and dermatitis, also known as “the three Ds”.

The blood sugar concentration or blood glucose level is the amount of glucose (sugar) present in the blood of a human or animal. The body naturally tightly regulates blood glucose levels as a part of metabolic homeostasis. Glucose is the primary source of energy for the body's cells, and blood lipids (in the form of fats and oils) are primarily a compact energy store. The mean normal blood glucose level in humans is about 4 mM (4 mmolit, or 72 mg/dL, i.e. milligrams/ deciliter); however, this level fluctuates throughout the day. 

Mumps (epidemic parotitis) is a viral disease of the human species, caused by the mumps virus. Before the development of vaccination and the introduction of a vaccine, it was a common childhood disease worldwide. It is still a significant threat to health in the third world, and outbreaks still occur sporadically in developed countries. Painful swelling of the salivary glands (classically the parotid gland) is the most typical presentation.

Cytokinins are a group of hormones that promote cell division in plant roots and MOD shoots and the growth of buds Cytokinins increase cell division by stimulating the duction of proteins needed for mitosis. 

The near point of a person suffering from hypermetropia is 75 cm. calculate. The near point of a person suffering from hypermetropia is 75 cm. Calculate the focal length and power of the lens required to enable him to read the newspaper which is kept at 25 cm from the eye. 

There is a high content of calcium carbonate in mussel andoyster shells, which can be used in the formulation of medicine, in construction or as filler in polymer materials.

Steroid hormone is produced by three endocrine organs. The testes, produces testosterone; the ovaries, produces estrogen; and the adrenal cortex, produces steroid hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone.

Plants, on average, capture only about 0.1 percent of the solar energy reaching Earth. However, it does not mean that the other 99.9 percent is a "vast untapped reservoir" awaiting man's exploitation. All biological systems, including crops, follow the second law of thermodynamics when solar energy to high - energy form) is converted into chemical energy. Plants utilize this chemical energy in the process of building their own tissue. Some of the energy being changed from light to chemical energy is lost as heat that dissipates into the surrounding environment.

The Ostrich is the largest living species of bird and lays the largest egg of any living bird (extinct elephant birds of Madagascar and the giant moa of New Zealand did lay larger eggs). Ostriches usually weigh from 63 to 145 kilograms, Ostriches of the East African race averaged 115 kg in males and 100 kg in females, while the nominate subespecies was found to average 100 kg in unsexed adults.

Sphygmomanometeran instrument for measuring blood pressure. It typically consists of an inflatable rubber cuff which is applied to the arm and connected to a column of mercury next to a graduated scale.

Ultrasound is a technique that uses sound waves to show a picture of a baby (fetus) in the uterus. It works by bouncing sound waves off the developing fetus. Echoes from the waves are analyzed by computer to produce a moving or still picture, called 43$ a sonogram, on a screen. The technique is also called sonography.

The hollow space of the middle ear has also been called the tympanic cavity. It is an irregular, laterally compressed space within the temporal bone. It is 44(filled with air, which is conveyed to it from the nasal part of the pharynx through the auditory tube. The middle ear contains three tiny bones known as the ossicles: malleus, incur, and stapes.

Blood plasma is the strawcolored/pale-yellow liquid component of blood that normally holds the blood cells in whole blood in suspension. It makes up about 55% of total blood volume. It is mostly water (93% by volume), and contains dissolved proteins, glucose, clotting factors, electrolytes, hormones and carbon dioxide (plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation). 

Na+/K+-ATPase (also known as sodium-potassium pump) is an enzyme located in the plasma them brane of virtually every human cell and is common to all cellular life. In nerve and muscle cells the membranes are electrically excitable, which means that they can change their membrane potential, and this is the basis of the nerve impulse. The sodium and potassium channels in these cells are voltagegated, which means that they can open and close depending on the voltage across the membrane. 

Schistosomiasis, also known as snail fever and bilharzia, is a disease caused by parasitic flatworms called schistosomes.

Frog skin is water permeable, this means it can let water in and out. Frogs don't often drink with their mouths, they absorb water through their skin.