Test: Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture & Medicine - NEET MCQ

An important objective of biotechnology in the area of agriculture is to produce pest-resistant varieties of plants.

• This will help in less wasting of crops with high yield.
• It will also give more products in less time and space.

GM stands for Genetically Modified.

• A GM crop is a transgenic crop in which the genes of the desired crop are changed by manipulations using various methods.
• This method gives a high yield without waste of crops.

• The primary reason for the insufficiency of the Green Revolution in feeding the growing human population is the high cost of agrochemicals, such as fertilizers and pesticides.
• These chemicals are often too expensive for farmers in the developing world, making it difficult for them to adopt the practices that have led to increased yields.

• Tissue culture is the technology that was developed to address the limitations of traditional breeding techniques in crop improvement.
• It allows for the regeneration of whole plants from small plant parts, known as explants, under sterile conditions in nutrient media.

The nutrient medium for tissue culture must contain a carbon source (such as sucrose) and also inorganic salts, vitamins, amino acids, and growth regulators like auxins and cytokinins.

Plants that are genetically identical to the original plant from which they were grown through tissue culture are called "somaclones."

Isolated cells from plants that have had their cell walls digested and are surrounded by plasma membranes are called "protoplasts."

• In 1983 Lilly Company of America that was founded by Eli Lilly used recombinant DNA technology to produce insulin.
• This insulin was obtained from a microorganism.

• Gene therapy aims to treat genetic diseases by introducing normal genes into an individual to compensate for the non-functional or defective genes.
• This can potentially cure genetic disorders.

ADA is crucial for the immune system to function, as it plays a vital role in the development and maintenance of immune cells.