Test: Biotechnology and its Applications - October 10, 2022 - NEET MCQ

Meloidogyne incognitia is the nematode that infects the roots of tobacco plants. It is also known as ‘root-knot nematode’. It is a plant-parasitic nematode. It affects both monocots as well as dicot plants.

RNA interference is one of the cellular defense mechanisms found in animals and plants. It defends against viruses and transposable elements. In this method, short RNA stretches are used (20-30 nucleotides).

RNAi stands for RNA interference. It is a series of processes in which short RNA sequences are used to recognize and manipulate complementary nucleic acids. These short RNA sequences consist of 20-30 nucleotides. It protects against viruses and transposable elements.

Transposons are mobile genetic elements and are also known as jumping genes. These are the sequences of DNA that can move from one position to another within the genome. They were first discovered by Barbara McClintock in maize plants.

Agrobacterium vectors are used for the introduction of nematode specific genes in the host. This was uses for RNAi technique. Initially, the host plant used was a tobacco plant.

RNAi is a method involving the silencing of specific mRNA due to the binding of complementary dsRNA. It consists of various processes. It acts as a defense mechanism against viruses and transposable elements.

Silencing prevents the translation of the mRNA. It regulates the expression of a gene by preventing its expression. This is used in the RNAi technique. It is a method used for knowing the function of the gene.

RNAi stands for RNA interference. RNAi is a method involving the silencing of specific mRNA due to the binding of complementary dsRNA. In RNAi, the DNA is introduced into a host plant in such a way that it produces both sense and antisense RNA.

The strand having sequence exact same to that of mRNA is called sense strand. The antisense strand consists of a complementary sequence that of transcribed mRNA. Antisense strand serves the template for the transcription, thus sense and antisense RNA are complementary to each other.

Nif genes are a set of genes that are involved in atmospheric nitrogen fixation. They are isolated from a bacterium Rhizobium. It is a Gram-negative bacterium which symbiotically assists the leguminous plants and fix nitrogen.