Test: Class 12 Political Science: CBSE Sample Question Papers- Term I (2021-22) - Humanities/Arts MCQ

The UN Security Council has five permanent members i.e. China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States.

The Warsaw Pact was established as a balance of power or counterweight to NATO.

In 1962 the Soviet Union began to secretly install missiles in Cuba to launch attacks on U.S. cities. The confrontation that followed, known as the Cuban missile crisis, brought the two superpowers to the brink of war before an agreement was reached to withdraw the missiles.

“Tryst with Destiny” was a speech delivered by Jawahar Lal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, to the Indian Constituent Assembly in the Parliament, on the eve of India’s Independence, towards midnight on 14 August 1947. The speech was on the aspects that transcended Indian history.

At the time of independence, the problem of integration of princely states was a big challenge for the national unity and integrity of India. Under such difficult times, Sardar Patel undertook the daunting tasks of uniting all 565 princely states of India. Known as an ‘Iron Man’ of India, Patel’s approach to the question of the merger of princely states into independent India was very clear. He was not in favour of any compromise with the territorial integrity of India.

The Bandung Conference and its final resolution laid the foundation for the non- aligned movement during the Cold War. Leaders of developing countries banded together to avoid being forced to take sides in the Cold War contest. The initial motivation for the movement was the promotion of peace.

Panchsheel Agreement signed on 29 April 1954 by the Indian Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru and the Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai to make stronger relationship between the two countries.

The 1973–1975 was a period of economic stagnation where high unemployment and high inflation existed simultaneously.

Many nuclear states maintain policies that would permit them to use nuclear weapons in case of any conflict. While India wants a world to be free of nuclear weapons but still they reserved a right to fight back if attacked by any country.

Multi-polarity is a distribution of power in which more than two nation-states have nearly equal amounts of military, cultural, and economic influence.

The Group of Eight + Five (G8+5) was an international group that consisted of the leaders of the heads of government from the G8 nations (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States), plus the heads of government of the five leading emerging economies (Brazil, China, India, Mexico, and South Africa).

The crucial aim of the NIEO is to promote economic development among the poor countries through self- help and South- South cooperation. The NIEO intends to deal with the major problems of the South, such as balance of payments disequilibrium, debt crisis, exchange scarcity etc.

Sardar Patel faced key challenges of integration from three states, viz., Hyderabad, Junagarh and Kashmir. It was under his leadership that Indian forces compelled Hyderabad and Junagarh to merge with India. Like Hyderabad, he also wanted Kashmir’s integration with India through military operations. But due to political decisions of some prominent leaders, Sardar could not succeed in integrating Kashmir fully with India which later turned into a major historical blunder for the country.

The Tashkent Declaration was a peace agreement between India and Pakistan signed on 10 January 1966 to resolve the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. The meeting was held in Tashkent in the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Union represented by Premier Aleksey Kosygin.

The World Health Organization (WHO) plays an essential role in the global governance of health and disease; due to its core global functions of establishing, monitoring and enforcing international norms and standards, and coordinating multiple actors toward common goals.

The United Nations Security Council “Veto power” refers to the power of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States) to veto any “substantive” resolution.

Gandhi was assassinated on 30 January 1948 in the compound of Birla House, New Delhi by Nathuram Godse

Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. It scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice.

Gorbachev passed many reforms to revitalize the disintegrating Soviet system. But the bureaucrats never supported the reforms. Moreover, corruption and distrust of the people contributed in the decline of USSR.

After the disintegration of soviet system, many of the soviet republics witnessed violent secessionist movements. Chechnya and Dagestan were two of them.

Soviet Union’s aspirations were very high. Only two nations rose to superpower after the Second World War, and Russia was one of them. Russia has frequently tried to demonstrate its power and tried to
dominate the world politics

Nizam entered into what was called the Standstill Agreement with India in November 1947 for a year while negotiations with the Indian government were going on.

The official policy statement of the Government of India made by Sardar Patel on July 5, 1947 made no such threats. It reassured the princely states about the Congress’ intentions, and invited them to join independent India.