Test: Cloze Test MCQ - 1 - Banking Exams MCQ

Direction: In the following passage, some of the words have been made underline, each of which is preceded by a letter. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the underlined word so as to make the paragraph meaningful.

Former RBI Governor Raghuram Rajan’s note of caution on the next financial crisis that could be building up needs to be taken in all ___A___ consideration. In his note to Parliament’s Estimates Committee on bank non-performing assets (NPAs), Mr. Rajan has ___B___ established three major sources of potential trouble: Mudra credit, which is basically small-ticket loans granted to micro and small enterprises; ___C___ contributing to farmers through Kisan Credit Cards; and contingent liabilities under the Credit Guarantee Scheme for MSMEs, run by the Small Industries Development Bank of India. The disbursement under Mudra loans alone is Rs. 6.37 lakh crore, which is over 7% of the total outstanding bank credit. These loans have been ___D___ sanctioned under the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana, which aims to ‘fund the unfunded’, and is a ___E___ signature scheme of the NDA government. Given that these are small loans up to Rs10 lakh each, with the borrowers mostly from the informal sector, banks have to monitor them very closely. It is ___F___ debatable whether banks have the resources and manpower to do this when they are chasing the bigger borrowers for business and, increasingly these days, recoveries. The ___G___ risk is that these smallticket loans will drop under the radar and build into a large credit issue in course of time. The same ___H___ function holds true for crop loans made through Kisan Credit Cards. Mr. Rajan’s advice on loan waivers has been made by him and others in the past. But the political class has chosen to turn a ___I___ deaf ear to this advice, vitiating the credit culture and creating a moral hazard where farmer-borrowers assume that their loans will ___J___ intentionally be waived off. The former RBI Governor has strongly defended the RBI against criticism, often unfair, over its policies on NPA recognition and resolution.

Q. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the Blank I.

Direction: In the following passage, some of the words have been made underline, each of which is preceded by a letter. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the underlined word so as to make the paragraph meaningful.

Former RBI Governor Raghuram Rajan’s note of caution on the next financial crisis that could be building up needs to be taken in all ___A___ consideration. In his note to Parliament’s Estimates Committee on bank non-performing assets (NPAs), Mr. Rajan has ___B___ established three major sources of potential trouble: Mudra credit, which is basically small-ticket loans granted to micro and small enterprises; ___C___ contributing to farmers through Kisan Credit Cards; and contingent liabilities under the Credit Guarantee Scheme for MSMEs, run by the Small Industries Development Bank of India. The disbursement under Mudra loans alone is Rs. 6.37 lakh crore, which is over 7% of the total outstanding bank credit. These loans have been ___D___ sanctioned under the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana, which aims to ‘fund the unfunded’, and is a ___E___ signature scheme of the NDA government. Given that these are small loans up to Rs10 lakh each, with the borrowers mostly from the informal sector, banks have to monitor them very closely. It is ___F___ debatable whether banks have the resources and manpower to do this when they are chasing the bigger borrowers for business and, increasingly these days, recoveries. The ___G___ risk is that these smallticket loans will drop under the radar and build into a large credit issue in course of time. The same ___H___ function holds true for crop loans made through Kisan Credit Cards. Mr. Rajan’s advice on loan waivers has been made by him and others in the past. But the political class has chosen to turn a ___I___ deaf ear to this advice, vitiating the credit culture and creating a moral hazard where farmer-borrowers assume that their loans will ___J___ intentionally be waived off. The former RBI Governor has strongly defended the RBI against criticism, often unfair, over its policies on NPA recognition and resolution.

Q. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the Blank G.

Direction: In the following passage, some of the words have been made underline, each of which is preceded by a letter. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the underlined word so as to make the paragraph meaningful.

Former RBI Governor Raghuram Rajan’s note of caution on the next financial crisis that could be building up needs to be taken in all ___A___ consideration. In his note to Parliament’s Estimates Committee on bank non-performing assets (NPAs), Mr. Rajan has ___B___ established three major sources of potential trouble: Mudra credit, which is basically small-ticket loans granted to micro and small enterprises; ___C___ contributing to farmers through Kisan Credit Cards; and contingent liabilities under the Credit Guarantee Scheme for MSMEs, run by the Small Industries Development Bank of India. The disbursement under Mudra loans alone is Rs. 6.37 lakh crore, which is over 7% of the total outstanding bank credit. These loans have been ___D___ sanctioned under the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana, which aims to ‘fund the unfunded’, and is a ___E___ signature scheme of the NDA government. Given that these are small loans up to Rs10 lakh each, with the borrowers mostly from the informal sector, banks have to monitor them very closely. It is ___F___ debatable whether banks have the resources and manpower to do this when they are chasing the bigger borrowers for business and, increasingly these days, recoveries. The ___G___ risk is that these smallticket loans will drop under the radar and build into a large credit issue in course of time. The same ___H___ function holds true for crop loans made through Kisan Credit Cards. Mr. Rajan’s advice on loan waivers has been made by him and others in the past. But the political class has chosen to turn a ___I___ deaf ear to this advice, vitiating the credit culture and creating a moral hazard where farmer-borrowers assume that their loans will ___J___ intentionally be waived off. The former RBI Governor has strongly defended the RBI against criticism, often unfair, over its policies on NPA recognition and resolution.

Q. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the Blank B.

Direction: In the following passage, some of the words have been made underline, each of which is preceded by a letter. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the underlined word so as to make the paragraph meaningful.

Former RBI Governor Raghuram Rajan’s note of caution on the next financial crisis that could be building up needs to be taken in all ___A___ consideration. In his note to Parliament’s Estimates Committee on bank non-performing assets (NPAs), Mr. Rajan has ___B___ established three major sources of potential trouble: Mudra credit, which is basically small-ticket loans granted to micro and small enterprises; ___C___ contributing to farmers through Kisan Credit Cards; and contingent liabilities under the Credit Guarantee Scheme for MSMEs, run by the Small Industries Development Bank of India. The disbursement under Mudra loans alone is Rs. 6.37 lakh crore, which is over 7% of the total outstanding bank credit. These loans have been ___D___ sanctioned under the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana, which aims to ‘fund the unfunded’, and is a ___E___ signature scheme of the NDA government. Given that these are small loans up to Rs10 lakh each, with the borrowers mostly from the informal sector, banks have to monitor them very closely. It is ___F___ debatable whether banks have the resources and manpower to do this when they are chasing the bigger borrowers for business and, increasingly these days, recoveries. The ___G___ risk is that these smallticket loans will drop under the radar and build into a large credit issue in course of time. The same ___H___ function holds true for crop loans made through Kisan Credit Cards. Mr. Rajan’s advice on loan waivers has been made by him and others in the past. But the political class has chosen to turn a ___I___ deaf ear to this advice, vitiating the credit culture and creating a moral hazard where farmer-borrowers assume that their loans will ___J___ intentionally be waived off. The former RBI Governor has strongly defended the RBI against criticism, often unfair, over its policies on NPA recognition and resolution.

Q. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the Blank H.

Direction: In the following passage, some of the words have been made underline, each of which is preceded by a letter. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the underlined word so as to make the paragraph meaningful.

Former RBI Governor Raghuram Rajan’s note of caution on the next financial crisis that could be building up needs to be taken in all ___A___ consideration. In his note to Parliament’s Estimates Committee on bank non-performing assets (NPAs), Mr. Rajan has ___B___ established three major sources of potential trouble: Mudra credit, which is basically small-ticket loans granted to micro and small enterprises; ___C___ contributing to farmers through Kisan Credit Cards; and contingent liabilities under the Credit Guarantee Scheme for MSMEs, run by the Small Industries Development Bank of India. The disbursement under Mudra loans alone is Rs. 6.37 lakh crore, which is over 7% of the total outstanding bank credit. These loans have been ___D___ sanctioned under the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana, which aims to ‘fund the unfunded’, and is a ___E___ signature scheme of the NDA government. Given that these are small loans up to Rs10 lakh each, with the borrowers mostly from the informal sector, banks have to monitor them very closely. It is ___F___ debatable whether banks have the resources and manpower to do this when they are chasing the bigger borrowers for business and, increasingly these days, recoveries. The ___G___ risk is that these smallticket loans will drop under the radar and build into a large credit issue in course of time. The same ___H___ function holds true for crop loans made through Kisan Credit Cards. Mr. Rajan’s advice on loan waivers has been made by him and others in the past. But the political class has chosen to turn a ___I___ deaf ear to this advice, vitiating the credit culture and creating a moral hazard where farmer-borrowers assume that their loans will ___J___ intentionally be waived off. The former RBI Governor has strongly defended the RBI against criticism, often unfair, over its policies on NPA recognition and resolution.

Q. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the Blank J.

Direction: In the following passage, some of the words have been made underline, each of which is preceded by a letter. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the underlined word so as to make the paragraph meaningful.

Former RBI Governor Raghuram Rajan’s note of caution on the next financial crisis that could be building up needs to be taken in all ___A___ consideration. In his note to Parliament’s Estimates Committee on bank non-performing assets (NPAs), Mr. Rajan has ___B___ established three major sources of potential trouble: Mudra credit, which is basically small-ticket loans granted to micro and small enterprises; ___C___ contributing to farmers through Kisan Credit Cards; and contingent liabilities under the Credit Guarantee Scheme for MSMEs, run by the Small Industries Development Bank of India. The disbursement under Mudra loans alone is Rs. 6.37 lakh crore, which is over 7% of the total outstanding bank credit. These loans have been ___D___ sanctioned under the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana, which aims to ‘fund the unfunded’, and is a ___E___ signature scheme of the NDA government. Given that these are small loans up to Rs10 lakh each, with the borrowers mostly from the informal sector, banks have to monitor them very closely. It is ___F___ debatable whether banks have the resources and manpower to do this when they are chasing the bigger borrowers for business and, increasingly these days, recoveries. The ___G___ risk is that these smallticket loans will drop under the radar and build into a large credit issue in course of time. The same ___H___ function holds true for crop loans made through Kisan Credit Cards. Mr. Rajan’s advice on loan waivers has been made by him and others in the past. But the political class has chosen to turn a ___I___ deaf ear to this advice, vitiating the credit culture and creating a moral hazard where farmer-borrowers assume that their loans will ___J___ intentionally be waived off. The former RBI Governor has strongly defended the RBI against criticism, often unfair, over its policies on NPA recognition and resolution.

Q. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the Blank F.

Direction: In the following passage, some of the words have been made underline, each of which is preceded by a letter. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the underlined word so as to make the paragraph meaningful.

Former RBI Governor Raghuram Rajan’s note of caution on the next financial crisis that could be building up needs to be taken in all ___A___ consideration. In his note to Parliament’s Estimates Committee on bank non-performing assets (NPAs), Mr. Rajan has ___B___ established three major sources of potential trouble: Mudra credit, which is basically small-ticket loans granted to micro and small enterprises; ___C___ contributing to farmers through Kisan Credit Cards; and contingent liabilities under the Credit Guarantee Scheme for MSMEs, run by the Small Industries Development Bank of India. The disbursement under Mudra loans alone is Rs. 6.37 lakh crore, which is over 7% of the total outstanding bank credit. These loans have been ___D___ sanctioned under the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana, which aims to ‘fund the unfunded’, and is a ___E___ signature scheme of the NDA government. Given that these are small loans up to Rs10 lakh each, with the borrowers mostly from the informal sector, banks have to monitor them very closely. It is ___F___ debatable whether banks have the resources and manpower to do this when they are chasing the bigger borrowers for business and, increasingly these days, recoveries. The ___G___ risk is that these smallticket loans will drop under the radar and build into a large credit issue in course of time. The same ___H___ function holds true for crop loans made through Kisan Credit Cards. Mr. Rajan’s advice on loan waivers has been made by him and others in the past. But the political class has chosen to turn a ___I___ deaf ear to this advice, vitiating the credit culture and creating a moral hazard where farmer-borrowers assume that their loans will ___J___ intentionally be waived off. The former RBI Governor has strongly defended the RBI against criticism, often unfair, over its policies on NPA recognition and resolution.

Q. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the Blank E.

Directions: In the following passage, some of the words have been made underline, each of which is preceded by a letter. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the underline word so as to make the paragraph meaningful.

After years of ___ A ___ disputed over whether Pluto is a planet, in 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) voted to remove Pluto’s planetary status. Now some researchers are ___ B ___ validating this decision, citing the manner in which scientific tradition has dealt with the taxonomy of planets. The IAU, in 2006, designated Pluto a ‘dwarf planet’ along with Ceres in the asteroid belt and Xena, an object in the Kuiper belt, which is an icy ring of frozen objects that circle the solar system beyond Neptune’s orbit. It was a bid to overcome sentiment and go by scientific ___ C ___ reflection. The meeting defined three conditions for a celestial object to be called a planet: one, it must orbit the Sun; two, it should be massive enough to acquire an approximately spherical shape; three, it has to ‘clear its orbit’, that is, be the object that ___ D ___ excerpts the maximum gravitational pull within its orbit. Owing to this third property, if an object ventures close to a planet’s orbit, it will either collide with it and be accreted, or be ejected out. However, Pluto is affected ___ E ___ at Neptune’s gravity. It also shares its orbit with the frozen objects in the Kuiper belt. Based on this, the IAU deemed that Pluto did not ‘clear its orbit’. Dwarf planets, on the other hand, need only satisfy the first two conditions.

This rationale has been questioned by Philip Metzger, a planetary physicist who has worked with the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and others who have studied the history of classifying planets and come up with several ___ F ___ abnormal to the third rule. In a paper published in the journal Icarus, they point out that the only work in history that used this rule to classify planets was an article by William Herschel in 1802. They also argue that this work was based on reasoning and observations that have ___ G ___ because been disproved. However, the last argument does not build up a strong enough case to give up what is, in fact, a sensible rule. Physics has many examples where an idea was once ___ H ___ jeopardized for being incorrect, and much later emerged in a different form and gained acceptance — the concept of photons, for instance. And then again, if Pluto were to be re-designated a planet, many more complications would ___ I ___ dwell. For one thing, Charon, Pluto’s moon, is much too large to be called a satellite. Judging by this, the Charon-Pluto system should then rightly be called a binary planet system. This would then lead to classifying several other sets of bodies as binary planets. Recent research shows that both the Kuiper Belt and the Oort cloud, a shell of objects that surrounds the entire solar system far beyond the Kuiper belt, contain objects that can then be called planets, thereby complicating the issue. Denying planetary status to Pluto is then nothing less than a sweep of Occam’s razor, and Pluto remains a dwarf planet, ___ J ___ all an exceptional one.

Q. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the Blank A.

Directions: In the following passage, some of the words have been made underline, each of which is preceded by a letter. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the underline word so as to make the paragraph meaningful.

After years of ___ A ___ disputed over whether Pluto is a planet, in 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) voted to remove Pluto’s planetary status. Now some researchers are ___ B ___ validating this decision, citing the manner in which scientific tradition has dealt with the taxonomy of planets. The IAU, in 2006, designated Pluto a ‘dwarf planet’ along with Ceres in the asteroid belt and Xena, an object in the Kuiper belt, which is an icy ring of frozen objects that circle the solar system beyond Neptune’s orbit. It was a bid to overcome sentiment and go by scientific ___ C ___ reflection. The meeting defined three conditions for a celestial object to be called a planet: one, it must orbit the Sun; two, it should be massive enough to acquire an approximately spherical shape; three, it has to ‘clear its orbit’, that is, be the object that ___ D ___ excerpts the maximum gravitational pull within its orbit. Owing to this third property, if an object ventures close to a planet’s orbit, it will either collide with it and be accreted, or be ejected out. However, Pluto is affected ___ E ___ at Neptune’s gravity. It also shares its orbit with the frozen objects in the Kuiper belt. Based on this, the IAU deemed that Pluto did not ‘clear its orbit’. Dwarf planets, on the other hand, need only satisfy the first two conditions.

This rationale has been questioned by Philip Metzger, a planetary physicist who has worked with the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and others who have studied the history of classifying planets and come up with several ___ F ___ abnormal to the third rule. In a paper published in the journal Icarus, they point out that the only work in history that used this rule to classify planets was an article by William Herschel in 1802. They also argue that this work was based on reasoning and observations that have ___ G ___ because been disproved. However, the last argument does not build up a strong enough case to give up what is, in fact, a sensible rule. Physics has many examples where an idea was once ___ H ___ jeopardized for being incorrect, and much later emerged in a different form and gained acceptance — the concept of photons, for instance. And then again, if Pluto were to be re-designated a planet, many more complications would ___ I ___ dwell. For one thing, Charon, Pluto’s moon, is much too large to be called a satellite. Judging by this, the Charon-Pluto system should then rightly be called a binary planet system. This would then lead to classifying several other sets of bodies as binary planets. Recent research shows that both the Kuiper Belt and the Oort cloud, a shell of objects that surrounds the entire solar system far beyond the Kuiper belt, contain objects that can then be called planets, thereby complicating the issue. Denying planetary status to Pluto is then nothing less than a sweep of Occam’s razor, and Pluto remains a dwarf planet, ___ J ___ all an exceptional one.

Q. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the Blank D.

Directions: In the following passage, some of the words have been made underline, each of which is preceded by a letter. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the underline word so as to make the paragraph meaningful.

After years of ___ A ___ disputed over whether Pluto is a planet, in 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) voted to remove Pluto’s planetary status. Now some researchers are ___ B ___ validating this decision, citing the manner in which scientific tradition has dealt with the taxonomy of planets. The IAU, in 2006, designated Pluto a ‘dwarf planet’ along with Ceres in the asteroid belt and Xena, an object in the Kuiper belt, which is an icy ring of frozen objects that circle the solar system beyond Neptune’s orbit. It was a bid to overcome sentiment and go by scientific ___ C ___ reflection. The meeting defined three conditions for a celestial object to be called a planet: one, it must orbit the Sun; two, it should be massive enough to acquire an approximately spherical shape; three, it has to ‘clear its orbit’, that is, be the object that ___ D ___ excerpts the maximum gravitational pull within its orbit. Owing to this third property, if an object ventures close to a planet’s orbit, it will either collide with it and be accreted, or be ejected out. However, Pluto is affected ___ E ___ at Neptune’s gravity. It also shares its orbit with the frozen objects in the Kuiper belt. Based on this, the IAU deemed that Pluto did not ‘clear its orbit’. Dwarf planets, on the other hand, need only satisfy the first two conditions.

This rationale has been questioned by Philip Metzger, a planetary physicist who has worked with the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and others who have studied the history of classifying planets and come up with several ___ F ___ abnormal to the third rule. In a paper published in the journal Icarus, they point out that the only work in history that used this rule to classify planets was an article by William Herschel in 1802. They also argue that this work was based on reasoning and observations that have ___ G ___ because been disproved. However, the last argument does not build up a strong enough case to give up what is, in fact, a sensible rule. Physics has many examples where an idea was once ___ H ___ jeopardized for being incorrect, and much later emerged in a different form and gained acceptance — the concept of photons, for instance. And then again, if Pluto were to be re-designated a planet, many more complications would ___ I ___ dwell. For one thing, Charon, Pluto’s moon, is much too large to be called a satellite. Judging by this, the Charon-Pluto system should then rightly be called a binary planet system. This would then lead to classifying several other sets of bodies as binary planets. Recent research shows that both the Kuiper Belt and the Oort cloud, a shell of objects that surrounds the entire solar system far beyond the Kuiper belt, contain objects that can then be called planets, thereby complicating the issue. Denying planetary status to Pluto is then nothing less than a sweep of Occam’s razor, and Pluto remains a dwarf planet, ___ J ___ all an exceptional one.

Q. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the Blank G.

Directions: In the following passage, some of the words have been made underline, each of which is preceded by a letter. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the underline word so as to make the paragraph meaningful.

After years of ___ A ___ disputed over whether Pluto is a planet, in 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) voted to remove Pluto’s planetary status. Now some researchers are ___ B ___ validating this decision, citing the manner in which scientific tradition has dealt with the taxonomy of planets. The IAU, in 2006, designated Pluto a ‘dwarf planet’ along with Ceres in the asteroid belt and Xena, an object in the Kuiper belt, which is an icy ring of frozen objects that circle the solar system beyond Neptune’s orbit. It was a bid to overcome sentiment and go by scientific ___ C ___ reflection. The meeting defined three conditions for a celestial object to be called a planet: one, it must orbit the Sun; two, it should be massive enough to acquire an approximately spherical shape; three, it has to ‘clear its orbit’, that is, be the object that ___ D ___ excerpts the maximum gravitational pull within its orbit. Owing to this third property, if an object ventures close to a planet’s orbit, it will either collide with it and be accreted, or be ejected out. However, Pluto is affected ___ E ___ at Neptune’s gravity. It also shares its orbit with the frozen objects in the Kuiper belt. Based on this, the IAU deemed that Pluto did not ‘clear its orbit’. Dwarf planets, on the other hand, need only satisfy the first two conditions.

This rationale has been questioned by Philip Metzger, a planetary physicist who has worked with the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and others who have studied the history of classifying planets and come up with several ___ F ___ abnormal to the third rule. In a paper published in the journal Icarus, they point out that the only work in history that used this rule to classify planets was an article by William Herschel in 1802. They also argue that this work was based on reasoning and observations that have ___ G ___ because been disproved. However, the last argument does not build up a strong enough case to give up what is, in fact, a sensible rule. Physics has many examples where an idea was once ___ H ___ jeopardized for being incorrect, and much later emerged in a different form and gained acceptance — the concept of photons, for instance. And then again, if Pluto were to be re-designated a planet, many more complications would ___ I ___ dwell. For one thing, Charon, Pluto’s moon, is much too large to be called a satellite. Judging by this, the Charon-Pluto system should then rightly be called a binary planet system. This would then lead to classifying several other sets of bodies as binary planets. Recent research shows that both the Kuiper Belt and the Oort cloud, a shell of objects that surrounds the entire solar system far beyond the Kuiper belt, contain objects that can then be called planets, thereby complicating the issue. Denying planetary status to Pluto is then nothing less than a sweep of Occam’s razor, and Pluto remains a dwarf planet, ___ J ___ all an exceptional one.

Q. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the Blank J.

Directions: In the following passage, some of the words have been made underline, each of which is preceded by a letter. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the underline word so as to make the paragraph meaningful.

After years of ___ A ___ disputed over whether Pluto is a planet, in 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) voted to remove Pluto’s planetary status. Now some researchers are ___ B ___ validating this decision, citing the manner in which scientific tradition has dealt with the taxonomy of planets. The IAU, in 2006, designated Pluto a ‘dwarf planet’ along with Ceres in the asteroid belt and Xena, an object in the Kuiper belt, which is an icy ring of frozen objects that circle the solar system beyond Neptune’s orbit. It was a bid to overcome sentiment and go by scientific ___ C ___ reflection. The meeting defined three conditions for a celestial object to be called a planet: one, it must orbit the Sun; two, it should be massive enough to acquire an approximately spherical shape; three, it has to ‘clear its orbit’, that is, be the object that ___ D ___ excerpts the maximum gravitational pull within its orbit. Owing to this third property, if an object ventures close to a planet’s orbit, it will either collide with it and be accreted, or be ejected out. However, Pluto is affected ___ E ___ at Neptune’s gravity. It also shares its orbit with the frozen objects in the Kuiper belt. Based on this, the IAU deemed that Pluto did not ‘clear its orbit’. Dwarf planets, on the other hand, need only satisfy the first two conditions.

This rationale has been questioned by Philip Metzger, a planetary physicist who has worked with the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and others who have studied the history of classifying planets and come up with several ___ F ___ abnormal to the third rule. In a paper published in the journal Icarus, they point out that the only work in history that used this rule to classify planets was an article by William Herschel in 1802. They also argue that this work was based on reasoning and observations that have ___ G ___ because been disproved. However, the last argument does not build up a strong enough case to give up what is, in fact, a sensible rule. Physics has many examples where an idea was once ___ H ___ jeopardized for being incorrect, and much later emerged in a different form and gained acceptance — the concept of photons, for instance. And then again, if Pluto were to be re-designated a planet, many more complications would ___ I ___ dwell. For one thing, Charon, Pluto’s moon, is much too large to be called a satellite. Judging by this, the Charon-Pluto system should then rightly be called a binary planet system. This would then lead to classifying several other sets of bodies as binary planets. Recent research shows that both the Kuiper Belt and the Oort cloud, a shell of objects that surrounds the entire solar system far beyond the Kuiper belt, contain objects that can then be called planets, thereby complicating the issue. Denying planetary status to Pluto is then nothing less than a sweep of Occam’s razor, and Pluto remains a dwarf planet, ___ J ___ all an exceptional one.

Q. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the Blank B.

Directions: In the following passage, some of the words have been made underline, each of which is preceded by a letter. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the underline word so as to make the paragraph meaningful.

After years of ___ A ___ disputed over whether Pluto is a planet, in 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) voted to remove Pluto’s planetary status. Now some researchers are ___ B ___ validating this decision, citing the manner in which scientific tradition has dealt with the taxonomy of planets. The IAU, in 2006, designated Pluto a ‘dwarf planet’ along with Ceres in the asteroid belt and Xena, an object in the Kuiper belt, which is an icy ring of frozen objects that circle the solar system beyond Neptune’s orbit. It was a bid to overcome sentiment and go by scientific ___ C ___ reflection. The meeting defined three conditions for a celestial object to be called a planet: one, it must orbit the Sun; two, it should be massive enough to acquire an approximately spherical shape; three, it has to ‘clear its orbit’, that is, be the object that ___ D ___ excerpts the maximum gravitational pull within its orbit. Owing to this third property, if an object ventures close to a planet’s orbit, it will either collide with it and be accreted, or be ejected out. However, Pluto is affected ___ E ___ at Neptune’s gravity. It also shares its orbit with the frozen objects in the Kuiper belt. Based on this, the IAU deemed that Pluto did not ‘clear its orbit’. Dwarf planets, on the other hand, need only satisfy the first two conditions.

This rationale has been questioned by Philip Metzger, a planetary physicist who has worked with the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and others who have studied the history of classifying planets and come up with several ___ F ___ abnormal to the third rule. In a paper published in the journal Icarus, they point out that the only work in history that used this rule to classify planets was an article by William Herschel in 1802. They also argue that this work was based on reasoning and observations that have ___ G ___ because been disproved. However, the last argument does not build up a strong enough case to give up what is, in fact, a sensible rule. Physics has many examples where an idea was once ___ H ___ jeopardized for being incorrect, and much later emerged in a different form and gained acceptance — the concept of photons, for instance. And then again, if Pluto were to be re-designated a planet, many more complications would ___ I ___ dwell. For one thing, Charon, Pluto’s moon, is much too large to be called a satellite. Judging by this, the Charon-Pluto system should then rightly be called a binary planet system. This would then lead to classifying several other sets of bodies as binary planets. Recent research shows that both the Kuiper Belt and the Oort cloud, a shell of objects that surrounds the entire solar system far beyond the Kuiper belt, contain objects that can then be called planets, thereby complicating the issue. Denying planetary status to Pluto is then nothing less than a sweep of Occam’s razor, and Pluto remains a dwarf planet, ___ J ___ all an exceptional one.

Q. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the Blank F.

Directions: In the following passage, some of the words have been made underline, each of which is preceded by a letter. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the underline word so as to make the paragraph meaningful.

After years of ___ A ___ disputed over whether Pluto is a planet, in 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) voted to remove Pluto’s planetary status. Now some researchers are ___ B ___ validating this decision, citing the manner in which scientific tradition has dealt with the taxonomy of planets. The IAU, in 2006, designated Pluto a ‘dwarf planet’ along with Ceres in the asteroid belt and Xena, an object in the Kuiper belt, which is an icy ring of frozen objects that circle the solar system beyond Neptune’s orbit. It was a bid to overcome sentiment and go by scientific ___ C ___ reflection. The meeting defined three conditions for a celestial object to be called a planet: one, it must orbit the Sun; two, it should be massive enough to acquire an approximately spherical shape; three, it has to ‘clear its orbit’, that is, be the object that ___ D ___ excerpts the maximum gravitational pull within its orbit. Owing to this third property, if an object ventures close to a planet’s orbit, it will either collide with it and be accreted, or be ejected out. However, Pluto is affected ___ E ___ at Neptune’s gravity. It also shares its orbit with the frozen objects in the Kuiper belt. Based on this, the IAU deemed that Pluto did not ‘clear its orbit’. Dwarf planets, on the other hand, need only satisfy the first two conditions.

This rationale has been questioned by Philip Metzger, a planetary physicist who has worked with the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and others who have studied the history of classifying planets and come up with several ___ F ___ abnormal to the third rule. In a paper published in the journal Icarus, they point out that the only work in history that used this rule to classify planets was an article by William Herschel in 1802. They also argue that this work was based on reasoning and observations that have ___ G ___ because been disproved. However, the last argument does not build up a strong enough case to give up what is, in fact, a sensible rule. Physics has many examples where an idea was once ___ H ___ jeopardized for being incorrect, and much later emerged in a different form and gained acceptance — the concept of photons, for instance. And then again, if Pluto were to be re-designated a planet, many more complications would ___ I ___ dwell. For one thing, Charon, Pluto’s moon, is much too large to be called a satellite. Judging by this, the Charon-Pluto system should then rightly be called a binary planet system. This would then lead to classifying several other sets of bodies as binary planets. Recent research shows that both the Kuiper Belt and the Oort cloud, a shell of objects that surrounds the entire solar system far beyond the Kuiper belt, contain objects that can then be called planets, thereby complicating the issue. Denying planetary status to Pluto is then nothing less than a sweep of Occam’s razor, and Pluto remains a dwarf planet, ___ J ___ all an exceptional one.

Q. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the Blank .

Directions: In the following passage, some of the words have been made underline, each of which is preceded by a letter. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the underline word so as to make the paragraph meaningful.

After years of ___ A ___ disputed over whether Pluto is a planet, in 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) voted to remove Pluto’s planetary status. Now some researchers are ___ B ___ validating this decision, citing the manner in which scientific tradition has dealt with the taxonomy of planets. The IAU, in 2006, designated Pluto a ‘dwarf planet’ along with Ceres in the asteroid belt and Xena, an object in the Kuiper belt, which is an icy ring of frozen objects that circle the solar system beyond Neptune’s orbit. It was a bid to overcome sentiment and go by scientific ___ C ___ reflection. The meeting defined three conditions for a celestial object to be called a planet: one, it must orbit the Sun; two, it should be massive enough to acquire an approximately spherical shape; three, it has to ‘clear its orbit’, that is, be the object that ___ D ___ excerpts the maximum gravitational pull within its orbit. Owing to this third property, if an object ventures close to a planet’s orbit, it will either collide with it and be accreted, or be ejected out. However, Pluto is affected ___ E ___ at Neptune’s gravity. It also shares its orbit with the frozen objects in the Kuiper belt. Based on this, the IAU deemed that Pluto did not ‘clear its orbit’. Dwarf planets, on the other hand, need only satisfy the first two conditions.

This rationale has been questioned by Philip Metzger, a planetary physicist who has worked with the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and others who have studied the history of classifying planets and come up with several ___ F ___ abnormal to the third rule. In a paper published in the journal Icarus, they point out that the only work in history that used this rule to classify planets was an article by William Herschel in 1802. They also argue that this work was based on reasoning and observations that have ___ G ___ because been disproved. However, the last argument does not build up a strong enough case to give up what is, in fact, a sensible rule. Physics has many examples where an idea was once ___ H ___ jeopardized for being incorrect, and much later emerged in a different form and gained acceptance — the concept of photons, for instance. And then again, if Pluto were to be re-designated a planet, many more complications would ___ I ___ dwell. For one thing, Charon, Pluto’s moon, is much too large to be called a satellite. Judging by this, the Charon-Pluto system should then rightly be called a binary planet system. This would then lead to classifying several other sets of bodies as binary planets. Recent research shows that both the Kuiper Belt and the Oort cloud, a shell of objects that surrounds the entire solar system far beyond the Kuiper belt, contain objects that can then be called planets, thereby complicating the issue. Denying planetary status to Pluto is then nothing less than a sweep of Occam’s razor, and Pluto remains a dwarf planet, ___ J ___ all an exceptional one.

Q. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the Blank H.

Directions: In the following passage, some of the words have been made underline, each of which is preceded by a letter. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the underline word so as to make the paragraph meaningful.

After years of ___ A ___ disputed over whether Pluto is a planet, in 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) voted to remove Pluto’s planetary status. Now some researchers are ___ B ___ validating this decision, citing the manner in which scientific tradition has dealt with the taxonomy of planets. The IAU, in 2006, designated Pluto a ‘dwarf planet’ along with Ceres in the asteroid belt and Xena, an object in the Kuiper belt, which is an icy ring of frozen objects that circle the solar system beyond Neptune’s orbit. It was a bid to overcome sentiment and go by scientific ___ C ___ reflection. The meeting defined three conditions for a celestial object to be called a planet: one, it must orbit the Sun; two, it should be massive enough to acquire an approximately spherical shape; three, it has to ‘clear its orbit’, that is, be the object that ___ D ___ excerpts the maximum gravitational pull within its orbit. Owing to this third property, if an object ventures close to a planet’s orbit, it will either collide with it and be accreted, or be ejected out. However, Pluto is affected ___ E ___ at Neptune’s gravity. It also shares its orbit with the frozen objects in the Kuiper belt. Based on this, the IAU deemed that Pluto did not ‘clear its orbit’. Dwarf planets, on the other hand, need only satisfy the first two conditions.

This rationale has been questioned by Philip Metzger, a planetary physicist who has worked with the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and others who have studied the history of classifying planets and come up with several ___ F ___ abnormal to the third rule. In a paper published in the journal Icarus, they point out that the only work in history that used this rule to classify planets was an article by William Herschel in 1802. They also argue that this work was based on reasoning and observations that have ___ G ___ because been disproved. However, the last argument does not build up a strong enough case to give up what is, in fact, a sensible rule. Physics has many examples where an idea was once ___ H ___ jeopardized for being incorrect, and much later emerged in a different form and gained acceptance — the concept of photons, for instance. And then again, if Pluto were to be re-designated a planet, many more complications would ___ I ___ dwell. For one thing, Charon, Pluto’s moon, is much too large to be called a satellite. Judging by this, the Charon-Pluto system should then rightly be called a binary planet system. This would then lead to classifying several other sets of bodies as binary planets. Recent research shows that both the Kuiper Belt and the Oort cloud, a shell of objects that surrounds the entire solar system far beyond the Kuiper belt, contain objects that can then be called planets, thereby complicating the issue. Denying planetary status to Pluto is then nothing less than a sweep of Occam’s razor, and Pluto remains a dwarf planet, ___ J ___ all an exceptional one.

Q. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the Blank C.

Directions: In the following passage, some of the words have been made underline, each of which is preceded by a letter. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the underline word so as to make the paragraph meaningful.

After years of ___ A ___ disputed over whether Pluto is a planet, in 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) voted to remove Pluto’s planetary status. Now some researchers are ___ B ___ validating this decision, citing the manner in which scientific tradition has dealt with the taxonomy of planets. The IAU, in 2006, designated Pluto a ‘dwarf planet’ along with Ceres in the asteroid belt and Xena, an object in the Kuiper belt, which is an icy ring of frozen objects that circle the solar system beyond Neptune’s orbit. It was a bid to overcome sentiment and go by scientific ___ C ___ reflection. The meeting defined three conditions for a celestial object to be called a planet: one, it must orbit the Sun; two, it should be massive enough to acquire an approximately spherical shape; three, it has to ‘clear its orbit’, that is, be the object that ___ D ___ excerpts the maximum gravitational pull within its orbit. Owing to this third property, if an object ventures close to a planet’s orbit, it will either collide with it and be accreted, or be ejected out. However, Pluto is affected ___ E ___ at Neptune’s gravity. It also shares its orbit with the frozen objects in the Kuiper belt. Based on this, the IAU deemed that Pluto did not ‘clear its orbit’. Dwarf planets, on the other hand, need only satisfy the first two conditions.

This rationale has been questioned by Philip Metzger, a planetary physicist who has worked with the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and others who have studied the history of classifying planets and come up with several ___ F ___ abnormal to the third rule. In a paper published in the journal Icarus, they point out that the only work in history that used this rule to classify planets was an article by William Herschel in 1802. They also argue that this work was based on reasoning and observations that have ___ G ___ because been disproved. However, the last argument does not build up a strong enough case to give up what is, in fact, a sensible rule. Physics has many examples where an idea was once ___ H ___ jeopardized for being incorrect, and much later emerged in a different form and gained acceptance — the concept of photons, for instance. And then again, if Pluto were to be re-designated a planet, many more complications would ___ I ___ dwell. For one thing, Charon, Pluto’s moon, is much too large to be called a satellite. Judging by this, the Charon-Pluto system should then rightly be called a binary planet system. This would then lead to classifying several other sets of bodies as binary planets. Recent research shows that both the Kuiper Belt and the Oort cloud, a shell of objects that surrounds the entire solar system far beyond the Kuiper belt, contain objects that can then be called planets, thereby complicating the issue. Denying planetary status to Pluto is then nothing less than a sweep of Occam’s razor, and Pluto remains a dwarf planet, ___ J ___ all an exceptional one.

Q. Find the suitable word from the options given below that could replace the Blank I.

Direction: In the following passage blanks have been given. For each blank, a number of phrases have been suggested, one of which is the correct one for that blank grammatically and contextually. Select the answer for each and mark that as your answer.

With the decades-old minimum support price (MSP) system __________ A __________ the crisis at the farm gate, the three schemes that are a part of AASHA – the Price Support Scheme (PSS) itself, the Price Deficiency Payment Scheme (PDPS) and the Pilot of Private Procurement and Stockist Scheme (PPPS) – point to an innovative, MSP-plus approach to the problem of non-remunerative prices. Under the PDPS, the Centre __________ B __________ to pay oilseed farmers the difference between the MSP and market price. The advantage of this scheme is that the Centre can keep the farmer satisfied without having to go through the hassle of physical procurement, storage and disposal. Freed of these logistical hassles, the geographical reach and coverage of PDPS is likely __________ C __________. The PSS, or expanded MSP, will allow the FCI to procure pulses, oilseeds and copra from States that display interest. The PPPS is a new idea. __________ D __________, the Centre will persuade States to bring in private players to procure at MSP. It promises a maximum of 15 per cent of MSP as a service charge to the private player to compensate for the loss. In all these schemes however, the key will be the implementation; failure to create a system of checks and balances can derail them. For instance, the experience of Madhya Pradesh which implemented the PDPS under the Bhavantar Bhugtan Yojana last year, shows that it __________ E __________. Ground level checks reveal that traders connive with each other and depress prices at mandis. They force farmers to sell at lower prices and pocket the compensation from the government. Many small and marginal farmers __________ F __________ to sell their produce under the Bhavantar scheme, face a double whammy of lowered price and no compensation. The PSS would be easier to implement, with nodal agencies doing the procurement. However, the Centre __________ G __________to provide funds. With the additional Rs.16,550 crore guarantee for raising working capital from banks now being made available, the total credit guarantee given to institutions under PSS is already Rs.45,550 crore. But if all States apply to NAFED/FCI for procurement of oilseeds or pulses, the agencies will fall short of funds.

Q. Select the Correct Phrase for Blank A.

Direction: In the following passage blanks have been given. For each blank, a number of phrases have been suggested, one of which is the correct one for that blank grammatically and contextually. Select the answer for each and mark that as your answer.

With the decades-old minimum support price (MSP) system __________ A __________ the crisis at the farm gate, the three schemes that are a part of AASHA – the Price Support Scheme (PSS) itself, the Price Deficiency Payment Scheme (PDPS) and the Pilot of Private Procurement and Stockist Scheme (PPPS) – point to an innovative, MSP-plus approach to the problem of non-remunerative prices. Under the PDPS, the Centre __________ B __________ to pay oilseed farmers the difference between the MSP and market price. The advantage of this scheme is that the Centre can keep the farmer satisfied without having to go through the hassle of physical procurement, storage and disposal. Freed of these logistical hassles, the geographical reach and coverage of PDPS is likely __________ C __________. The PSS, or expanded MSP, will allow the FCI to procure pulses, oilseeds and copra from States that display interest. The PPPS is a new idea. __________ D __________, the Centre will persuade States to bring in private players to procure at MSP. It promises a maximum of 15 per cent of MSP as a service charge to the private player to compensate for the loss. In all these schemes however, the key will be the implementation; failure to create a system of checks and balances can derail them. For instance, the experience of Madhya Pradesh which implemented the PDPS under the Bhavantar Bhugtan Yojana last year, shows that it __________ E __________. Ground level checks reveal that traders connive with each other and depress prices at mandis. They force farmers to sell at lower prices and pocket the compensation from the government. Many small and marginal farmers __________ F __________ to sell their produce under the Bhavantar scheme, face a double whammy of lowered price and no compensation. The PSS would be easier to implement, with nodal agencies doing the procurement. However, the Centre __________ G __________to provide funds. With the additional Rs.16,550 crore guarantee for raising working capital from banks now being made available, the total credit guarantee given to institutions under PSS is already Rs.45,550 crore. But if all States apply to NAFED/FCI for procurement of oilseeds or pulses, the agencies will fall short of funds.

Q. Select the Correct Phrase for Blank D.

Direction: In the following passage blanks have been given. For each blank, a number of phrases have been suggested, one of which is the correct one for that blank grammatically and contextually. Select the answer for each and mark that as your answer.

With the decades-old minimum support price (MSP) system __________ A __________ the crisis at the farm gate, the three schemes that are a part of AASHA – the Price Support Scheme (PSS) itself, the Price Deficiency Payment Scheme (PDPS) and the Pilot of Private Procurement and Stockist Scheme (PPPS) – point to an innovative, MSP-plus approach to the problem of non-remunerative prices. Under the PDPS, the Centre __________ B __________ to pay oilseed farmers the difference between the MSP and market price. The advantage of this scheme is that the Centre can keep the farmer satisfied without having to go through the hassle of physical procurement, storage and disposal. Freed of these logistical hassles, the geographical reach and coverage of PDPS is likely __________ C __________. The PSS, or expanded MSP, will allow the FCI to procure pulses, oilseeds and copra from States that display interest. The PPPS is a new idea. __________ D __________, the Centre will persuade States to bring in private players to procure at MSP. It promises a maximum of 15 per cent of MSP as a service charge to the private player to compensate for the loss. In all these schemes however, the key will be the implementation; failure to create a system of checks and balances can derail them. For instance, the experience of Madhya Pradesh which implemented the PDPS under the Bhavantar Bhugtan Yojana last year, shows that it __________ E __________. Ground level checks reveal that traders connive with each other and depress prices at mandis. They force farmers to sell at lower prices and pocket the compensation from the government. Many small and marginal farmers __________ F __________ to sell their produce under the Bhavantar scheme, face a double whammy of lowered price and no compensation. The PSS would be easier to implement, with nodal agencies doing the procurement. However, the Centre __________ G __________to provide funds. With the additional Rs.16,550 crore guarantee for raising working capital from banks now being made available, the total credit guarantee given to institutions under PSS is already Rs.45,550 crore. But if all States apply to NAFED/FCI for procurement of oilseeds or pulses, the agencies will fall short of funds.

Q. Select the Correct Phrase for Blank B.

Direction: In the following passage blanks have been given. For each blank, a number of phrases have been suggested, one of which is the correct one for that blank grammatically and contextually. Select the answer for each and mark that as your answer.

With the decades-old minimum support price (MSP) system __________ A __________ the crisis at the farm gate, the three schemes that are a part of AASHA – the Price Support Scheme (PSS) itself, the Price Deficiency Payment Scheme (PDPS) and the Pilot of Private Procurement and Stockist Scheme (PPPS) – point to an innovative, MSP-plus approach to the problem of non-remunerative prices. Under the PDPS, the Centre __________ B __________ to pay oilseed farmers the difference between the MSP and market price. The advantage of this scheme is that the Centre can keep the farmer satisfied without having to go through the hassle of physical procurement, storage and disposal. Freed of these logistical hassles, the geographical reach and coverage of PDPS is likely __________ C __________. The PSS, or expanded MSP, will allow the FCI to procure pulses, oilseeds and copra from States that display interest. The PPPS is a new idea. __________ D __________, the Centre will persuade States to bring in private players to procure at MSP. It promises a maximum of 15 per cent of MSP as a service charge to the private player to compensate for the loss. In all these schemes however, the key will be the implementation; failure to create a system of checks and balances can derail them. For instance, the experience of Madhya Pradesh which implemented the PDPS under the Bhavantar Bhugtan Yojana last year, shows that it __________ E __________. Ground level checks reveal that traders connive with each other and depress prices at mandis. They force farmers to sell at lower prices and pocket the compensation from the government. Many small and marginal farmers __________ F __________ to sell their produce under the Bhavantar scheme, face a double whammy of lowered price and no compensation. The PSS would be easier to implement, with nodal agencies doing the procurement. However, the Centre __________ G __________to provide funds. With the additional Rs.16,550 crore guarantee for raising working capital from banks now being made available, the total credit guarantee given to institutions under PSS is already Rs.45,550 crore. But if all States apply to NAFED/FCI for procurement of oilseeds or pulses, the agencies will fall short of funds.

Q. Select the Correct Phrase for Blank E.

Direction: In the following passage blanks have been given. For each blank, a number of phrases have been suggested, one of which is the correct one for that blank grammatically and contextually. Select the answer for each and mark that as your answer.

With the decades-old minimum support price (MSP) system __________ A __________ the crisis at the farm gate, the three schemes that are a part of AASHA – the Price Support Scheme (PSS) itself, the Price Deficiency Payment Scheme (PDPS) and the Pilot of Private Procurement and Stockist Scheme (PPPS) – point to an innovative, MSP-plus approach to the problem of non-remunerative prices. Under the PDPS, the Centre __________ B __________ to pay oilseed farmers the difference between the MSP and market price. The advantage of this scheme is that the Centre can keep the farmer satisfied without having to go through the hassle of physical procurement, storage and disposal. Freed of these logistical hassles, the geographical reach and coverage of PDPS is likely __________ C __________. The PSS, or expanded MSP, will allow the FCI to procure pulses, oilseeds and copra from States that display interest. The PPPS is a new idea. __________ D __________, the Centre will persuade States to bring in private players to procure at MSP. It promises a maximum of 15 per cent of MSP as a service charge to the private player to compensate for the loss. In all these schemes however, the key will be the implementation; failure to create a system of checks and balances can derail them. For instance, the experience of Madhya Pradesh which implemented the PDPS under the Bhavantar Bhugtan Yojana last year, shows that it __________ E __________. Ground level checks reveal that traders connive with each other and depress prices at mandis. They force farmers to sell at lower prices and pocket the compensation from the government. Many small and marginal farmers __________ F __________ to sell their produce under the Bhavantar scheme, face a double whammy of lowered price and no compensation. The PSS would be easier to implement, with nodal agencies doing the procurement. However, the Centre __________ G __________to provide funds. With the additional Rs.16,550 crore guarantee for raising working capital from banks now being made available, the total credit guarantee given to institutions under PSS is already Rs.45,550 crore. But if all States apply to NAFED/FCI for procurement of oilseeds or pulses, the agencies will fall short of funds.

Q. Select the Correct Phrase for Blank C.