Test: Components of the Soil - JAMB MCQ

The inorganic component of the soil is composed of rocks and minerals. These substances are derived from the weathering and breakdown of parent materials over time.

Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential nutrients for plants and play a crucial role in soil fertility. These elements are often present in organic matter and are released into the soil through the decomposition of dead plant and animal material.

Soil organisms, such as earthworms and bacteria, contribute to the formation and maintenance of soil structure. They help in the breakdown of organic matter and facilitate nutrient cycling, which ultimately improves soil fertility and water-holding capacity.

Organic matter in the soil serves as a food source and habitat for various microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. These microorganisms play important roles in nutrient cycling, decomposition, and the overall health of the soil ecosystem.

Soil air refers to the air-filled spaces within the soil. It allows for the exchange of gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, between the soil and the atmosphere. This exchange is important for the respiration of plant roots and soil organisms.

Soil water is the component of the soil that holds and provides moisture for plant uptake. It is essential for plant growth and plays a vital role in nutrient transport and various physiological processes.

Inorganic minerals in the soil primarily originate from the weathering and breakdown of rocks and minerals present in the Earth's crust. Over time, these minerals are released into the soil through natural processes.

Organic matter, such as decomposed plant and animal material, contributes to the dark color of the soil and is rich in nutrients. It provides essential elements for plant growth and enhances soil fertility.

Soil organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and earthworms, play a crucial role in the circulation and cycling of nutrients within the soil ecosystem. They break down organic matter, release nutrients, and facilitate their uptake by plants.

Soil air allows plant roots to exchange gases, particularly oxygen and carbon dioxide, for respiration. This process is essential for the survival and metabolic activities of plant roots and soil organisms.