Test: Cytoplasm - NEET MCQ

Rough endoplasmic reticulum carry ribosomes on their surface. The ribosomes present on rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesize secretory proteins. The proteins required for internal use of cell are synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes.

Topic in NCERT: The endoplasmic reticulum (er)

Line in NCERT: "rer is frequently observed in the cells actively involved in protein synthesis and secretion."

The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that provides mechanical support, maintains the shape of the cell, and facilitates cell movement. It consists of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments, which work together to support the cell's structure and enable various cellular functions.

Topic in NCERT: Cytoskeleton functions

Line in NCERT: "the cytoskeleton in a cell are involved in many functions such as mechanical support, motility, maintenance of the shape of the cell."

Lysosomes are membrane-bound vesicular structures rich in hydrolytic enzymes, which are optimally active at acidic pH. These enzymes enable lysosomes to break down various macromolecules into monomers, facilitating cellular digestion and recycling processes.

Topic in NCERT: Lysosomes

Line in NCERT: "these are membrane bound vesicular structures formed by the process of packaging in the golgi apparatus. the isolated lysosomal vesicles have been found to be very rich in almost all types of hydrolytic enzymes (hydrolases - lipases, proteases, carbohydrases) optimally active at the acidic ph. these enzymes are capable of digesting"

Mitochondria are described as having a double membrane structure where the inner and outer membranes divide the lumen into two compartments. The outer compartment lies between the two membranes, and the inner compartment, known as the matrix, is enclosed by the inner membrane. This structural feature is critical for mitochondrial functions, including ATP production.

Topic in NCERT: Mitochondrion structure

Line in NCERT: "membrane-bound structure with the outer membrane and the inner membrane dividing its lumen distinctly into two aqueous compartments, i.e., the outer compartment and the inner compartment. the inner compartment is filled with a dense homogeneous substance called the matrix."

The cristae, which are infoldings of the inner membrane of mitochondria, increase the surface area, enhancing the organelle's ability to produce ATP through aerobic respiration.

Topic in NCERT: Mitochondria

Line in NCERT: "the inner membrane forms a number of infoldings called the cristae (sing.: crista) towards the matrix. the cristae increase the surface area."

The Golgi apparatus is primarily responsible for packaging materials to be delivered either within the cell or outside the cell. It modifies proteins and lipids received from the endoplasmic reticulum and prepares them for export.

Topic in NCERT: Golgi apparatus

Line in NCERT: "the golgi apparatus principally performs the function of packaging materials, to be delivered either to the intra-cellular targets or secreted outside the cell."

Mitochondria are referred to as the powerhouses of the cell because they produce cellular energy in the form of ATP through the process of aerobic respiration.

Topic in NCERT: Mitochondria

Line in NCERT: "mitochondria are the sites of aerobic respiration. they produce cellular energy in the form of atp, hence they are called 'power houses' of the cell."

In plant cells, vacuoles are primarily responsible for storing water, sap, nutrients, and waste products, and they can occupy up to 90% of the cell's volume.

Topic in NCERT: Vacuoles

Line in NCERT: "the vacuole is the membrane-bound space found in the cytoplasm. it contains water, sap, excretory product and other materials not useful for the cell."

The cytoskeleton is an elaborate network of filamentous proteinaceous structures that provides mechanical support, helps in cell motility, and maintains the shape of the cell.

Topic in NCERT: Cytoskeleton and its functions

Line in NCERT: "the cytoskeleton in a cell are involved in many functions such as mechanical support, motility, maintenance of the shape of the cell."

Chloroplasts are the organelles in plant cells that contain chlorophyll, the pigment necessary for capturing light energy during photosynthesis.

Topic in NCERT: Plastids

Line in NCERT: "chloroplasts are responsible for trapping light energy essential for photosynthesis."