Test: Election, Political Parties and National Terms- 1 - Class 8 MCQ

The National Assembly, a unicameral, representative body composed of 240 members, constitutes the legislative branch of the government. It passes and amends laws, ratifies treaties, levies taxes, and retains the power to pass a motion of no confidence in the Council of Ministers or the Prime Minister, thereby compelling the resignation of the council. Members of the National Assembly serve four-year terms. It forms the Parliament of the coutnry.

Present Chief Election Commissioner in 2019:
The present Chief Election Commissioner in 2019 is Sunil Arora.
Explanation:
The Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) is the head of the Election Commission of India (ECI), which is responsible for conducting free and fair elections in the country. As of 2019, the present Chief Election Commissioner is Sunil Arora.
Key Points:
- The Chief Election Commissioner is appointed by the President of India.
- The Chief Election Commissioner serves for a tenure of six years or until the age of 65, whichever is earlier.
- Sunil Arora took office as the Chief Election Commissioner on December 2, 2018.
- Prior to his appointment as the CEC, Sunil Arora served as the Election Commissioner of India.
- The Chief Election Commissioner plays a crucial role in overseeing the electoral process and ensuring its fairness and impartiality.
- The ECI is an autonomous constitutional authority and is responsible for the conduct of elections to the Parliament, State Legislative Assemblies, and the offices of the President and Vice President of India.
- The ECI also enforces the Model Code of Conduct during elections and takes necessary measures to prevent electoral malpractices.
Therefore, as of 2019, Sunil Arora is the present Chief Election Commissioner of India.

Language added to the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India:
The language that has been recently added to the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India is Sindhi.
Explanation:
The Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India lists the recognized languages of the country. Sindhi was added to this list in 1967.
Here are some key points about the addition of Sindhi to the Eighth Schedule:
- In 1967, the government recognized Sindhi as one of the official languages of India and included it in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution.
- This recognition was a significant step in preserving and promoting the Sindhi language and culture within the Indian context.
- The inclusion of Sindhi in the Eighth Schedule provides constitutional protection and support for the language, ensuring its preservation and promotion.
- The Eighth Schedule currently consists of 22 languages, including Sindhi, Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Bodo, and Santhali.
- The addition of Sindhi to the Eighth Schedule reflects the multicultural and multilingual nature of India, recognizing the importance of linguistic diversity in the country.
Overall, the addition of Sindhi to the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India is a significant step in preserving and promoting the language and ensuring its recognition and protection at the national level.

The Chief Election Commissioner is responsible for the conduct of free and fair elections in India.  He heads the Election Commission of India. It is a body constitutionally empowered to conduct free and fair elections to the national and state legislatures and of President and Vice-President. This power of the Election Commission of India is derived from the Article 324 of the Constitution of India.

Explanation:
Public and political opinions are different in various ways. Here is a breakdown of the options provided and an explanation of why option D is the correct answer.
A: They are the same
- This option is incorrect because public and political opinions are not the same. They may overlap on some issues, but they are distinct from each other.
B: Public opinion is limited to few issues
- While public opinion may vary in intensity and focus on certain issues, it is not necessarily limited to a few issues. Public opinion can encompass a wide range of topics and concerns.
C: Political opinion deals with all matters
- This option is incorrect because political opinion does not necessarily deal with all matters. Different individuals and groups may have different political opinions on various issues, and not all matters are exclusively political.
D: Political opinion is all opinions expressed on political issues
- This option is correct. Political opinion refers to the opinions expressed on political issues, which can include a range of topics such as government policies, elections, and public administration. It encompasses the diverse perspectives and viewpoints that individuals and groups hold on these matters.
In conclusion, option D is the most accurate answer as it defines political opinion as all opinions expressed on political issues.

Analysis of the 1980 Parliamentary Elections:
In the 1980 Parliamentary elections, the parties that got the maximum number of seats in descending order are as follows:
- Congress (I): Congress (I) secured the highest number of seats in the 1980 Parliamentary elections.
- Lok Dal: Lok Dal, also known as the Janata Party (Secular), obtained a significant number of seats in the elections.
- C. P. I. (M): The Communist Party of India (Marxist), commonly known as C. P. I. (M), also secured a considerable number of seats in the elections.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A: Congress (I), Lok Dal, C. P. I. (M).
Please note that this information is specific to the 1980 Parliamentary elections and may not be applicable to other elections or time periods.

Social Darwinism and its Beliefs

Social Darwinism was a social theory that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It drew inspiration from Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection and applied it to human societies. Social Darwinists believed that:

• Only the strongest persons should control the resources of a society: Social Darwinists argued that resources should be controlled and distributed by the most capable individuals in a society. They believed that these individuals, often seen as the "fittest," were better equipped to handle the resources and ensure the progress and survival of the society.

It is important to note that while Social Darwinists believed in the superiority of the strong, they did not believe that the weak should be completely disregarded. They believed that the weak would eventually be weeded out by natural selection, making the society stronger in the long run. Therefore, their focus was primarily on the dominant individuals and their control over resources.

The correct answer is B: a crisis of legitimacy.
Explanation:
A crisis of legitimacy occurs when the public perceives that the government has failed in its duties, resulting in a loss of trust and credibility. This can lead to a variety of consequences, including political instability and social unrest. Here is a detailed explanation of each option and why B is the correct answer:
A. Revolution: While a failed government can potentially lead to a revolution, this option implies a more drastic and violent change in the political system. It is not necessarily the immediate consequence of a perceived government failure.
B. A crisis of legitimacy: This option accurately describes the situation when the government's failure leads to a loss of public trust and credibility. The government's authority and effectiveness are questioned, which can result in social and political turmoil.
C. A crisis of confidence: This option is similar to a crisis of legitimacy and is often used interchangeably. When the public loses confidence in the government, it reflects a lack of trust in its ability to govern effectively.
D. Involution: Involution refers to a process of inward or reverse development. It does not accurately describe the consequences of a government failure or loss of public trust.
In summary, option B, a crisis of legitimacy, is the most appropriate term to describe the situation when the public perceives that the government has failed. It reflects the loss of trust and credibility in the government and can lead to significant political and social consequences.

The Indonesia's parliament is:
The correct answer is A: People's Representative Council.
Explanation:
The Indonesia's parliament is officially known as the People's Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat or DPR). It is the legislative body of Indonesia and is responsible for representing the people's interests, making laws, and overseeing the government's activities.
Here are some key points about the People's Representative Council:
1. Role: The People's Representative Council is the main legislative body in Indonesia. It has the power to propose, discuss, and enact laws, as well as to oversee the government's policies and actions.
2. Members: The council is composed of members who are elected by the people through a general election. Currently, it consists of 575 members who represent various political parties.
3. Terms: The members of the People's Representative Council serve for a term of five years. After each general election, new members are elected to replace the outgoing ones.
4. Committees: The council has various committees that focus on specific areas or sectors, such as finance, defense, agriculture, and education. These committees play a crucial role in reviewing and discussing bills and policies before they are presented to the full council for voting.
5. Checks and balances: The People's Representative Council acts as a check on the government's power. It has the authority to question and hold the government accountable for its actions, policies, and budget.
6. Collaboration with the government: While the council has the power to oversee the government, it also works in collaboration with the executive branch to ensure the smooth functioning of the country's governance.
Overall, the People's Representative Council plays a vital role in the democratic governance of Indonesia, representing the voice of the people and making decisions that impact the nation's development and welfare.

Eligibility Criteria for Lok Sabha Membership:

According to the Indian Constitution, a candidate to become a member of Lok Sabha must fulfill certain eligibility criteria. One of the important criteria is the minimum age requirement. Let's discuss the age requirement for Lok Sabha membership:

Minimum Age Requirement:

• A: 21 years


• B: 25 years


• C: 30 years


• D: 35 years

Answer:

The correct answer is B: 25 years.

Explanation:

The minimum age requirement to be eligible for Lok Sabha membership is 25 years. This means that an individual must be at least 25 years old on the date of filing the nomination for Lok Sabha elections.

The age requirement is mentioned in Article 84 of the Indian Constitution. It is important to note that the age requirement may vary for different legislative bodies, such as Rajya Sabha or State Legislative Assemblies, but for Lok Sabha, the minimum age requirement is 25 years.

It is essential for aspiring candidates to meet this age criterion in order to contest Lok Sabha elections and become a member of the lower house of the Indian Parliament.