Test: General Physical Geograph- 1 - Class 8 MCQ

The Andromeda Galaxy, also known as Messier 31 or M31, is a spiral galaxy located about 2.5 million light-years from Earth. Located in the Andromeda constellation, it is the closest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way, where our solar system is. It is also the largest galaxy of what is called the Local Group which is a collection of more than 54 galaxies including the Milky Way.

Saturn is a gas planet and has no solid surface. Saturn is approximately 75% hydrogen and 25% helium with traces of other substances like methane and water ice. 
The planet has a mass 95 times the mass of Earth and a radius 9 times the radius of Earth. It is most famous for its beautiful ring system. In addition to the rings, the planet has 62 known moons, the largest of which is Titan.

Ganymede is the largest satellite in the solar system. Discovered by Galileo in the year 1610, Ganymede is a satellite of Jupiter. It has a diameter of around 5260 kms making it larger than the planet Mercury.

A comet's nucleus is like a dirty snowball made of ice, gas and dust. As the comet gets closer to the Sun, some of the ice starts to melt and boil off, along with particles of dust. These particles and gases make a cloud around the nucleus, called a coma. 
The coma is lit by the Sun. The sunlight also pushes this material into the beautiful brightly lit tail of the comet.

Every planet in our solar system has seasons. There are several factors that affect the weather on the planets viz. the tilt of a planet's axis (which causes the seasons), the shape of its orbit around the sun, the presence or absence of a significant atmosphere, etc. 
Jupiter has an axial tilt of only 3 degrees, compared to 23 degrees tilt of the Earth. So there is literally no difference between the seasons. Moreover, because of its distance from the sun, seasons change more slowly. Thus, the length of each season is roughly three years.

Earthquake is a natural disaster in which Earth surface shakes. In case of an earthquake, if a person is indoor, he should stay inside and take cover under a table or other furniture, and if a person is outdoor he should stay away from the things that can fall and injure him, like trees and building.

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and is the only habitable planet in the solar system. It is the fifth-largest planet in terms of size and mass. It revolves on its axis every 24 hours. More than 90 percent of Earth's mass is composed of iron, oxygen, silicon, and magnesium.

Focus is the place where an earthquake originates the focus is also called the hypocenter of an earthquake. The earthquake waves start at the focus and travel outward in all directions.

The atmosphere is the layers of gases that surrounds the earth. It is like a blanket layer, contains a mixture I gases including oxygen which most organism need to breathe. It is the atmosphere only that protect us from the harmful radiations of the sun. The current composition of the Earth's atmosphere is the product of billions of years of biochemical modification of the paleo atmosphere by living organism.

• White dwarf- When a star has completely run out of hydrogen fuel in its core and it lacks the mass to force higher elements into fusion reaction, it becomes a white dwarf star. 
• Red dwarf- Red dwarf stars are the most common kind of stars in the Universe. These are main sequence stars but they have such low mass that they’re much cooler than stars like our Sun. The smallest red dwarfs are 0.075 times the mass of the Sun, and they can have a mass of up to half of the Sun.
• Red giant- A red giant is a star that is past its peak and has consumed its core's supply of hydrogen fuel. As a result, helium has built up in the core, hydrogen has fused in the outer shells, and the star has expanded into a giant red monstrosity.