Test: HP TGT Social Studies Mock - 10 - Software Development MCQ

The first Muslim invasion of India was led by Muhammad-bin Qasim.

• Muhammad-bin Qasim was an Umayyad general who at the age of 17 led the first Muslim conquest of the Indian peninsula.
• He conquered the Sindh till Multan from Raja Dahir along the Indus River.
• Ala-ud-din Khilji was the first Muslim ruler whose empire covered almost the whole of India up to its extreme south.
• The first-ever Muslim invasion in India took place in the year 712 AD. 
• Mohammad Bin Qasim invaded India and conquered Sindh Province in 712 AD. 
• Later, Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni invaded India 17 times followed by the invasion of Mohammad Ghori and foundation of the Delhi Sultanate. 

The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur (reigned 1526–1530), a Central Asian ruler who was descended from the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur (the founder of the Timurid Empire) on his father’s side and from Chagatai, the second son of the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan, on his mother’s side.

The Panchsheel, or Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, was first formally signed on April 28, 1954, between India and the Tibet region of China.

• The agreement was signed between then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and China's first Premier (Prime Minister) Chou En-Lai.
• The Panchsheel agreement was about mutual relations and trade between India and Tibet the territory of China.
• In April 1954, India, considering Tibet as part of China, entered into an agreement with China on the principle of 'Panchsheel'.

The main points of the Panchsheel agreement were;

• Peaceful co-existence
• Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty
• Mutual non-interference
• Mutual non-aggression
• Equality and mutual benefit

National Institute of Disaster Management was inaugurated on August 14, 2004, by the Home Minister of India. NIDM is an institute which provides training and development programs to handle and manage the natural and man-made disaster in India. It is carried out on a national and regional basis. It was passed under the Disaster Management Act 2005 by India's Government as a deemed university and institute of training and learning to tackle the disaster.

By indirect elections by the members of the Provincial Legislative Assemblies established in 1935 was the Constituent Assembly of India formed.

The members of this assembly were elected indirectly, that is by the members of the provincial assemblies by the method of a single transferable vote of proportional representation.

Bum La or Bum Pass is a mountain pass in the Himalayas between the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh and the Lhokha Department of Tibet (China-controlled). It is situated at a distance of 37 km from Tawang city of Arunachal Pradesh at an altitude of 15,200 feet above sea level.

Laboratory diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica depends on identification in the stools. Microscopic identification of cysts and trophozoites in the stool is the common method for diagnosing.

The Forest (Conservation) Act of 1980 (FCA, 1980) is an act by the Parliament of India which ensures conservation of forest and its resources. It was enacted by the Parliament of India in order to control the ongoing deforestation of the forests of India. It came into force on October 25, 1980 containing five sections.

Democracy can not improve the quality of personal desires and expectations. Rather than improving the quality of education, the decision-making process.

• Democracy is a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation or to choose governing officials to do so.
• Democracy completely relies on consultation and discussion.

The main characteristic of the Indian society is unity in diversity.

The salient feature of Indian society rests in the Unity in diversity. India as a nation is a classic example of it as despite having multiple geographical, religious, linguistic, cultural, and racial diversities, India has always stood up as an integrated nation.

Kazakhstan produces the largest share of uranium from mines (42% of world supply from mines in 2019), followed by Canada (13%) and Australia (12%).

Over two-thirds of the world's production of uranium from mines is from Kazakhstan, Canada, and Australia. An increasing amount of uranium, now over 50%, is produced by in situ leachings.

Conducting a type of entrance examination for selecting learners to a particular course is an example of Placement evaluation.

Placement evaluation aims at evaluating the pupil's entry behavior in a sequence of instructions.

• In other words, the main goal of such evaluation is to determine the level or position of the child in the instructional sequence.
• Placement evaluation is conducted before the organization of teaching-learning activities to measure the entry behavior or previous knowledge of learners.
• Another purpose is to know whether the learner is able to acquire the new learning experience which is related to the previous knowledge.
• The keyword which is used for placement assessment is “entry behavior”.
• In the teaching-learning process, before teaching a new topic, a teacher should know the previous knowledge of students. This helps teachers to organize teaching-learning activities according to the previous knowledge of learners.

The spy/newspaper were called the Barids during the Delhi Sultanate.

• Barid-i-mumalik was the head of the information and intelligence department.
• Someone whom the Sultan holds his confidence in was appointed as Barid.
• He had to keep the information of everything that was happening in the Sultanate.
• At the local level, there were barids who used to send regular news concerning the matters of the state to the central office.
• There was another set of reporters existed who were known as Munihiyan.

The Marine cliffs are formed mainly due to Ocean Currents. Moving water works as degradational agent (erosional). As oceanic currents move constantly in their definite path. They erode away rock against which they strike.

National Institute of Disaster Management is situated in New Delhi. NIDM handles and manages the natural and human-made disasters in India. It is carried out on a national and regional basis.

The ideal slogan of the Olympic Games is made up of three Latin words: Citius - Altius - Fortius.

• These words means Faster - Higher - Stronger.
• Pierre de Coubertin proposed the motto upon the creation of the International Olympic Committee in 1894.

It was the Dominican priest Henri Didon who first expressed the words in the opening ceremony of a school sports event in 1881.

The Magadha Empire came into existence when the four Mahajanpada- Magadha, Kosala, Vatsa and Avanti engaged in the struggle for the supremacy from the 6th Century BC to 4th Century BC. Ultimately, Magadha emerged as the most powerful and prosperous kingdom in the North India.

Detritivores also known as detritophages are heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by directly consuming the dead organic parts of plants and animals. Example earthworm, termites etc.

The Central Government can give directions to the State Governments with regard to subjects in The Concurrent List, The Unionist and The State List.

The Center may give such directions to the State as may be necessary in this regard. Article 257 talks of central control over the state in certain cases. State executive power should be exercised in such a way that it does not conflict with the union executive.

The longest day in the Northern hemisphere is 21st June.

On this day, the rays of the sun are perpendicular to the Tropic of Cancer at 23 °30' North latitude. This day is known as summer solstice in the northern hemisphere. On this day, the earth's "circle of illumination" with reference to the sun from the Arctic Circle is on the far side of the earth to the Antarctic Circle on the near side of the earth.

The structural and functional unit of the environment is the ecosystem.

The ecosystem is the structural and functional unit of the environment by which the different biotic and abiotic components interact with each other with respect to their environment.

Orcharding refers to growing of fruit plants in an orderly manner and maintain them for successive economic returns.

Orchard refers to an area where intensive cultivation of fruit crops is done. Or it is an enclosed area where a fruit /group of fruit trees are grown.

Types of Orchards:

• ​Orcharding with single variety of a particular fruit crop.
• Orcharding with different variety of a fruit crop.
• Mixed orchard with different fruit crops of almost equal life span.
• Orcharding with intercrops/intercropping.
• Multistoried orchard.
• High density orchard.
• Dry land orchard.
• Clonal orchards

The SI unit for pressure is the pascal (Pa), equal to one newton per square meter (N/m²). Pascal is a so-called coherent derived unit in the SI with a special name and symbol.

Soil conservation is the process of prevention of soil erosion/degradation. These practices include crop rotation, conservation tillage, mulching, cover cropping, and cross-slope farming.

The overuse of pesticides in the soil will leads to an increase in the alkalinity or acidity of soil thus degrading the soil quality.

• Pesticides are responsible for the cause of soil erosion. It is not a soil conservation method.

Pesticides can harm to human health if they use in excess proportion in the environment. Pesticides are intentionally toxic substances linked to various diseases like cancer, birth defects, mutations and other health problems.

Motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Electric motors are used in electric fans, washing machines, refrigerators, mixers and grinders and many other devices.

The Ganges river dolphin was officially discovered in 1801.

• It can only live in freshwater and is essentially blind. 
• It is found in the Ganges, Brahmaputra, Meghna and Karnaphuli rivers and their tributaries.
• Platanista gangetica is its scientific name.
• Its IUCN status is endangered.
• It is the National Aquatic Animal of India.

"Ancient Ballads and Legends of Hindustan" poem composed by Toru Dutt.

Ancient Ballads and Legends of Hindustan is an unfinished volume of original poems written by Toru Dutt in English. It contains a total of sixteen poems, some of which are Sanskrit translations of ancient Indian myths and legends.

Birbal was the only Hindu to adopt Din-i-Ilahi, the religion founded by Akbar.

By the end of Akbar's reign, local folk tales emerged involving Birbal's interactions with Akbar, portraying him as being extremely clever and witty.

The Tenth Schedule was inserted in the Constitution in 1985 by the 52nd Amendment Act. It deals with the Anti defection law i.e, provisions as to disqualification on the ground of defection.

Decision on questions as to disqualification on the ground of detection:-

• If any question arises as to whether a member of a House has become subject to disqualification under this Schedule, the question shall be referred for the decision of the Chairman or, as the case may be, the Speaker of such House and his decision shall be final
• Provided that where the question which has arisen is as to whether the Chairman or the Speaker of a House has become subject to such disqualification, the question shall be referred for the decision of such member of the House as the House may elect in this behalf and his decision shall be final.