Test: HP TGT Social Studies Mock - 6 - Software Development MCQ

The Supreme Court of India is the custodian of the Constitution of India.

Supreme Court:

• The Supreme Court is a federal court. which is also known as the custodian of the Constitution of India, because a case involving the interpretation of the constitution is decided only by the supreme court.
• The supreme court came into being on 28th January 1950. Initially, there was a Chief Justice and seven judges in the Supreme Court.
• At, present there is One Chief Justice and 33 other judges in the Supreme Court.
• The power to alter the number of judges in the Supreme Court rests with the Parliament.
• The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President.
• The President can remove the Chief Justice and the other Judges on the basis of the impeachment motion passed in the Parliament.
• Articles from 124 to 147 in Part V of the constitution deal with the organization, independence, jurisdiction, powers procedures of the Supreme Court.

The Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly of India was Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

On 29 August 1947, the Constituent Assembly set up a Drafting Committee under the Chairmanship of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar to prepare a Draft Constitution for India.

There were 7 members in the drafting committee and, a Drafting Committee was headed by B.R Ambedkar.

• Dr. B R Ambedkar (Chairman)
• N Gopalaswami Ayyangar
• Alladi Krishnaswamy Ayyar
• Dr. K M Munshi
• Syed Mohammad Saadullah
• N Madhava Rau (He replaced B L Mitter who resigned due to ill-health.)
• T T Krishnamachari (He replaced D P Khaitan who died in 1948.)

Biogas:

• Biogas is an emerging renewable, non-conventional energy source that is obtained through the degradation of organic matter by bacteria under anaerobic conditions.
• The major constituent of biogas is Methane.
• Biogas is usually made up of around methane and carbon dioxide , with other gases such as hydrogen , hydrogen sulphide , watervapour , Nitrogen , oxygen , ammonia making up the rest.
• It is released when Cow, Buffalo, and Pig manure is processed anaerobically i.e. in the absence of Oxygen.
• Biogas can be used for Space Heating, Generation of Electricity, Fuel for Cooking etc.

Sapta Swaras:

• A swara refers to a tone or a musical note on an Octave.
• Now assume this to be a building including floors.
• The beginning point is the Shadja known as Tonic.
• Measuring upto certain heights from the ground level, there are the positions of other notes
• Carnatic Music is ruled by 7 octave musical notes. These Sapta Swaras are believed to have originated from “Dumru” (Musical Instrument) of Lord Shiva. 7 musical notes (Swaras) are the following:
  1. Sa – Shadjama (Tonic)
  2. Ri – Rishabha
  3. Ga – Gandhara
  4. Ma – Madhyama
  5. Pa – Panchama (Perfect Fifth)
  6. Da - Dhaivata
  7. Ni – Nishada
• Full names of these notes follow sounds with which they are being sung.
• As per Shruti – Notes Sa (Tonic)& Pa (Perfect Fifth) stay fixed always once you have settled on the Tonic.
• They are known as “Prakriti Swaras”.
• The other 5 notes feature 2 variants each. And so they are named as “Vikruthi Swaras”. 

So, Rishabha is the second swara among the 7 octave musical notes.

​In humans, each cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46. Twenty-two of these pairs, called autosomes, look the same in both males and females. The 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, differ between males and females. Females have two copies of the X chromosome, while males have one X and one Y chromosomes.

Kufri Chandramukhi is an important variety of Potato. Kufri Chandramukhi is an important variety of Potato. Kufri Chandramukhi and Kufri Bahar are varieties of potatoes that have short dormancy.

Mt. Stromboli is a part of the Mediterranean Belt. 

The Circum Pacific belt extends to the margins of the pacific ocean. Almost 80% of the volcanoes are situated here.

In most of the Indian big cities, the dominant source of air pollution is the transport sector.

Transport sector:

• The transportation sector is an important industrial sector in the economy that deals with the movement of people and products.
• These include companies such as airlines, trucking, railroads, shipping, and logistics firms, as well as those that provide transportation infrastructure.
• Passenger travel is responsible for of emissions from transportation, with freight accounting for the other . In , a total of of global emissions from fuel combustion came from transportation.
• In , road transport was the most significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector in India, with about percent of emissions. Greenhouse gas emissions from this sector mainly involved burning fossil fuels by on-road vehicles.
• Air transport is extremely polluting - but so are cars. Air traffic represents less than of the global emissions whereas road traffic accounts for around of these direct emissions. Still, planes remain among the most polluting means of transport, together with cars.

Name King Ashoka’s son whom King Ashoka sent to other places to carry out duties of Buddhist missionary Mahendra.

• After the Kalinga war, the Mauryan emperor Ashoka converted to Buddhism from Hinduism, to propagate Buddhism he sent his son Mahendra and his daughter Sanghmitra as missionaries to Ceylon about  251 BC.
• They converted the royal family of Ceylon, who helped them in propagating Buddhism across the state.
• Mahendra’s name has not been found in any of the inscriptions of Ashoka, but his existence had been found in the famous Ceylonese chronicles Dipavaṃsa and Mahavaṃsa written in Pali language. 

Venus planet in our solar system has no moon (satellite).

• The Solar System consists of the Sun and eight planets.
• The eight planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
• A planet is a large celestial body that revolves around the sun in fixed orbits.
• The Sun is the center of the Solar system.

Man has been cooking food since time immemorial, it started when a fire broke accidentally by the ancient man, and the raw meat got roasted in it.

When the ancient ate the roasted piece of meat, he likes it and thus cooking of food started.

There are various methods to cook food like:

• Moist heat method: It includes Boiling, simmering, poaching, steaming, pressure cooking, and blanching.
• Dry heat methods: It includes Baking, grilling, roasting, and frying
• Combination method: It is done by braising.

The atoms of the elements having the same difference between mass number and atomic number are called isotones. Two nuclides are isotones if they have the same neutron number, but different proton numbers.

For example, boron- and carbon- nuclei both contain  neutrons.

Twelve members are nominated to the Rajya Sabha by the President of India for the six-years terms for their contributions towards arts, literature, sciences, and social services.

• This right has been bestowed upon the President according to the Fourth Schedule (Articles 4(1) and 80(2)) of the Constitution of India.

Unlike the members of the Lok Sabha, the membership of the Rajya Sabha is a permanent body and cannot be dissolved at any time.

• However, every second year, one-third of the members retire and at the beginning of every third year, the vacancies are filled by fresh elections and the nomination of the President.
• A Member of Parliament (abbreviated: MP) in the Rajya Sabha is the representative of the Indian states to one of the two houses of the Parliament of India (Rajya Sabha).
• Rajya Sabha MPs are elected by an electoral college consisting of elected members of the State Legislative Assembly with a system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.

BCG vaccine is used for the prevention of tuberculosis.

• BCG stands for Bacille Calmette-Guerin.
• It is a vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) disease.
• Tuberculosis (TB) disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
• Tuberculosis (TB) usually attacks the lungs.
• BCG vaccine was first considered by the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization in its thirteenth report.
• BCG vaccine is one of the most widely used of all current vaccines.
• BCG vaccine has a documented protective effect against meningitis and disseminated TB in children.

Pandit Purushottam Das:

• He was born on 7 July 1907 in Nathdwara.
• He was famous for playing the musical instrument Pakhawaj.
• He was awarded the Rajasthan Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1971.

Pakhawaj:

• This musical instrument was developed during the 14th century in Mughal Period.
• This is a barrel-shaped, two-headed drum that is most commonly used in Dhrupad Classical music.
• Pakhawaj is a percussion instrument made of wood, parchment, leather, and black paste.
• This traditional instrument is found in various parts of North India.
• Majorly used in North Indian classical concerts particularly with ‘Dhrupad’ and ‘Dhamar’ style of music and with the instruments played in Dhrupad style such as Been, Rabab, Surbahar, etc. 

Murshidabad originally called Makhsudabad was reputedly founded by the Mughal emperor Akbar in the 16th century.

In 1704 the nawab (ruler) Murshid Qulī Khan (following Aurangzeb’s orders) transferred the capital there from Dacca (now Dhaka, Bangladesh) and renamed the town Murshidabad.

The zone of proximal development (sometimes abbreviated ZPD), is the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do with help. It is a concept developed by Soviet psychologist and social constructivist Lev Vygotsky (1896 - 1934). Vygotsky also described the ZPD as the difference between the actual development level as determined by individual problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem-solving under adult guidance or collaboration with more knowledgeable peers.

In 1510 AD, Afonso de Albuquerque captured Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur, Ismail Adil Shah with the help of Krishnadev raya (ruler of Vijaynagar empire). He is also known to have abolished the practice of Sati in Goa.

Nitrogen is not a greenhouse gas.

Greenhouse gases:

• These are also referred to as GHGs.
• These gases are mainly responsible for the increase in temperature.
• The 6 major greenhouse gases present in the atmosphere are carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).

Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports commonly known as National Institute of Sports (NIS), is the Academic Wing of the Sports Authority of India (SAI) and Asia's largest Sports Institute located in the city of Patiala.

Founded on 7 May 1961, the Institute was renamed Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports in January 1973. It is merged with the Sports Authority of India in 1987.

Spread over 268 acres, NIS is housed in the Old Moti Bagh Palace of the erstwhile royal family of Patiala State, which was purchased by the Government of India after Indian Independence.

Raag Bhairav is also referred to as the king of morning Raags. It is an Indian classical raga of Bhairav thaat.  It is traditionally performed in morning. Bhairav is one of few ragas that can be sung in any season.

Gaud Saarang (Kalyan Thaat) and Multani (Todi Thaat) is sung in afternoon. Bhoopali and Kamod (Kalyan thaat) is performed in the evening. Ragas like Malkauns and Bihag are classified in the midnight category.

In our current practices of evaluation of students learning usually employ teacher-made and standardized tests using multiple-choice or other objective-type items. These evaluation practices are too used in measuring complex problem-solving skills, divergent thinking, collaborative efforts among students, and communication skills. Though these practices were challenged almost two decades ago, we still continue to follow the same in our educational institutions.

A textbook is a major tool in the hands of a teacher to teach the various concepts of social science to the students.

• In our schools, graded textbooks are followed for teaching Social Science in an integrated way. Through the textbooks, various skills have to be taught.
• As far as social science is concerned, the textbook is an aid that is considered indispensable in all methods adopted.

• NCERT, designed textbooks in a way that learning is not restricted only to concepts and information dissemination but the students should enjoy their learning and enhance their knowledge of the students.
• NCERT believed that textbooks alone are not sufficient for the students.
• Lots of practice is required to give the students in-depth information by using material beyond textbooks.
• Homework should be given to identify learning deficiencies and teachers should make efforts to address these.
• It is a mixture of many subjects like History, Geography, Political Science, Economics, Sociology, Social Psychology.
• The box giving extra information named "Do you know" in every chapter provides real-life examples which make learning interesting for students.
• The aim of NCERT is to make textbooks more comprehensive and knowledge-rich for the students, which can relieve them from their usual boredom.
• Just to fill the pages is not the aim but to make the textbooks interesting, attractive, and full of knowledge for the students.

Char Taal is used for Gayaki Dhrupad​.

• Dhrupad is a genre in Hindustani classical music from the Indian subcontinent.
• It is the oldest style of major vocal styles associated with Hindustani classical music, Haveli Sangeet, and also related to the South Indian Carnatic tradition. 
• Sanskrit Brij language has been used in Dhrupad.

The correct match is:

Ram Das Sharma is not a Tabla player.

• Yuyutsu Ram Dass Sharma is a renowned Himalayan poet and translator.
• He is a recipient of fellowships and grants from the Rockefeller Foundation, the Ireland Literature Exchange, the Trubar Foundation in Slovenia, the Institute for the Translation of Hebrew Literature, and the Foundation for the Production and Translation of Dutch Literature. 

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan KCSI  (17 October 1817 – 27 March 1898; also Sayyid Ahmad Khan) was an Indian Muslim pragmatist, Islamic reformer, philosopher, and educationist in nineteenth-century British India. Though initially espousing Hindu-Muslim unity, he became the pioneer of Muslim nationalism in India and is widely credited as the father of the two-nation theory, which formed the basis of the Pakistan movement. Born into a family with strong debts  to the Mughal court, Ahmad studied the Quran and Sciences within the court. He was awarded an honorary LLD from the University of Edinburgh in 1889.

The NIDM was inaugurated by Shri Shivraj Patil, Union Home Minister, on 11 August 2004. The inaugural function was attended by senior government officials and various dignitaries from United Nations (UN) agencies, and Non-government Organizations (NGOs). NIDM is an institute which provides training and development programs to handle and manage the natural and man-made disaster in India. It is carried out on a national and regional basis. It was passed under the Disaster Management Act 2005 by India's Government as a deemed university and institute of training and learning to tackle the disaster.

Article 17 ensures Abolition of Untouchability.

• Article 17 of the Indian Constitution eliminates the practice of untouchability.
• Untouchability” is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden.
• The enforcement of any disability arising out of “Untouchability” shall be an offense punishable in accordance with the law.

A plateau is a flat-topped tableland.

• Plateaus occur in every continent and take up a third of the Earth's land.
• They are one of the four major landforms, along with mountains, plains, and hills.
• Plateaus, like mountains, may be young or old. The Deccan plateau in India is one of the oldest plateaus.
• Sometimes, a plateau is so eroded that it is broken up into smaller raised sections called Many outlier plateaus are composed of very old, dense rock formations. Iron ore and coal often are found in plateau outliers.
• Plateaus are very useful because they are rich in mineral deposits. As a result, many of the mining areas in the world are located in the plateau areas.