Test: Indian Economy On The Eve Of Independence - 2

A systematic and modern population census, in its present form was conducted non synchronously between 1865 and 1872 in different parts of the country. This effort culminating in 1872 has been popularly labeled as the first population census of India However, the first synchronous census in India was held in 1881.

TISCO - Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited.

India's demographic conditions during the British rule depict our economy as stagnant and backward. Due to high birth rate and high death rate the population growth was stagnant before 1921 the Infant Mortality Rate was also very high of about 218 per thousand which today stands at 47.57 per thousand. The life expectancy rate was a low as 32 years while presently, it is around 66.8 years. 

The year 1921 is taken as the demographic divide for the reason that before this year, the population was not stable, sometimes it increased and at other times it decreased.
The growth rate of population was generally low before 1921. But after this year, there has been considerable and continuous increase in the population.
Between 1901 and 1911, the total increase in population was 5.9% and between 1911 and 1921, there was a decrease of 0.39%. In the decade of 1921-1931, the increase was 11.1%, from 1931 to 1941, it was 14.00% and during 1941-1951, it was 13.5%. It is going increasingly since then. Hence the year 1921 is rightly called the demographic divide.

The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt the Mediterranean Sea through the Red Sea via the Gulf of Suez. Construction began in September 1859 and was completed in November of 1869, 10 and a half years later. The Suez Canal is around 190 km in length.

Given the EICo monopoly, direct private trade with Britain was limited. India’s share of world exports ran at less than 0.5% during the decade.

The history of Indian Railways dates back to over 160 years ago. On 16 th April 1853, the first passenger train ran between Bori Bunder (Bombay) abd Thane, a distance of 34 km.

After independence, the Government of India appointed the National Income Committee in August, 1949 with Prof. P.C. Mahalnobis as its chairman and Prof. D.R. Gadgil and Dr. V.K.R.V. Rao as its two members so as to compile a national income estimates rationally on scientific basis. The first report of this committee was prepared in 1951. The estimate given by Dr Rao regarding per capita output was 0.005.

Under British Rule, there were three main types of land tenure systems in India. They were Zamindars, Mahalwari and Rayatwari.

The Bengal Iron Works was founded at Kulti in Bengal in 1870 which began its production in 1874 followed by The Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) was established by Dorabji Tata in 1907, as part of his father's conglomerate. By 1939 it operated the largest steel plant in the British Empire. The company launched a major modernization and expansion program in 1951.
Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, a believer in socialism, decided that the technological revolution in India needed maximization of steel production. He, therefore, formed a government owned company, Hindustan Steel Limited (HSL) and set up three steel plants in the 1950s.

Jute Textile Industry is one of the major Industries in the Eastern India, particularly in West Bengal.

The cotton textile mills, mainly dominated by Indians, were located in the western parts of the country, namely, Maharashtra and Gujarat, while the jute mills dominated by the foreigners were mainly concentrated in Bengal.

The correct option is Option B

Railways assisted British industries to widen the market for their finished products. 

Post and telegraphs were developed to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the British administration.

GNP means gross national product. it is clear that it is on national level and a nation's resident should be included only. A another word is GDP it is gross domestic product. It includes every Product that has been made in our country it does not matter that who has made it resident or non resident.