Test: Intermolecular Forces vs Thermal Interactions - ACT MCQ

During the process of freezing the water, water converts into ice that means new bonds are creating during this process and the temperature remains constant but the internal energy changes during this phase.

When there is a predominance of intermolecular energy instead of thermal energy, the molecules are tightly packed and have a definite shape and structure; these are called solids. So in solid, the particles are tightly packed.

The rise in temperature depicts thermal energy. So among the given options at 82 degrees Celsius the milk has the highest thermal energy and at 9 degrees Celsius the milk has higher intermolecular energy. So at 9 degrees, the intermolecular forces are predominant than thermal energy in milk.

In the case of the predominance of thermal energy, the gas is likely to be formed rather than liquids and solids. This happens because the thermal energy tends to separate the molecules in a substance.

When there is a predominance of intermolecular energy in the matter, the order of states of matter that are the likely to form is solids, liquids and then gases. It follows reverse order in case of the predominance of thermal energy.

Compressibility is high in the case of gases because thermal energy is predominant in gases. This energy enables the molecules of gases to move away from each other so that when compressed together they compress easily by reducing the distance between each other comparatively.

The process of direct conversion of solid to gases is sublimation while the process of conversion of liquid to gas is evaporation whereas the process of conversion of solid to liquid is melting and liquid to solid is condensation.

In case of ice the molecules are tightly packed and we do know that in solid the intermolecular forces are so high that they are tightly packed so intermolecular energy is predominant in case of ice.

The above statement is false because gas cannot be liquefied only through compression, even the temperature needs to be lowered in order to compress the gas. This is because of the reaction of intermolecular forces and thermal energy between the molecules.

In a molecule, intermolecular forces always tend to keep molecules with each other while the thermal energy always tries to separate them. So the result of balancing between intermolecular energy and thermal energy is three States of matter.