Test: Introduction To Microcontroller - Computer Science Engineering (CSE) MCQ

A micro controller must consists of a processor as its CPU with some additional peripherals like RAM, ROM, serial and parallel ports, timers etc.

Micro Controllers are made by using the concept of VLSI technology. So here, CMOS based logic gates are coupled together by this technique that consumes low power.

While any instruction is being executed, a micro controller first fetches the instruction (captures its operand and operator). After capturing it converts these operand and operators into their corresponding hex codes. Hence after this, instruction can be executed as now it is in the form of 0’s and 1’s (the format understood by a micro controller).

 A micro controller is classified as a 4 bit micro controller if it executes a nibble at a time. It is called an 8 bit controller if it executes a byte at a time and is called 16 or 32 bit controller if it executes 2 and 4 bytes at a time respectively.

As the bus width increases, the number of bits carried by the bus at a time increases as a result of which the total performance and computer capability increases.

CISC means Complete Instruction Set Computer because in this a micro controller has an instruction set that supports many addressing modes for the arithmetic and logical instructions, data transfer and memory accesses instructions. RISC means Reduced Instruction Set Computer because here a micro controller has an instruction set that supports fewer addressing modes for the arithmetic and logical instructions and for data transfer instructions.

There are 3 buses present in a micro controller they are data bus (for carrying data from one place to another), address bus (for carrying the address to which the data will flow) and the control bus (which tells the controller to execute which type of work at that address may be it read or write operation).

Micro controllers are loaded with .hex extension as they understand the language of 0’s and 1’s only.

 For choosing the right micro controller for our product we must consider its speed so that the instructions may be executed in the least possible time. It also depends on the availability so that the particular product may be available in our neighboring regions or market in our need. It also depends on the compatibility with the product so that the best results may be obtained.

They are not called general purpose because they are not meant to do a single work at a time.