Test: Level 3: Human Reproduction - NEET MCQ

Ovary is the primary sex organ of female reproductive system in human beings. Egg is released from one of the ovary each month. It also release hormone.

Seminal plasma along with sperms forms the semen. The seminal plasma provides nourishment to sperms and rich in fructose and calcium ions.

The external genitalia of human female is called vulva. Vulva includes mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, hymen and clitoris.

Testis is the primary sex organ in human male as it produce sperm or male gametes without which reproduction is not possible

The innermost lining of uterus is called endometrium. It is spongy layer that breakdown during menstrual cycle along with mucus through vagina.

Each testis contains about 250 compartments called testicular lobules. Each testicular lobule contains one to three highly coiled seminiferous tubules that produce sperms.

Sertoli cell is the “nurse” in testes that regulates germ cell proliferation and differentiation. One Sertoli cell supports a certain number of germ cells during these processes

Seminiferous tubules of testis open into the vasa efferentia through rete testis. Rete testis is network of tubules inside the testis to store the sperm temporarily.

Interstitial cells or leydig cells are found adjacent to seminiferous tubules in the testicles. They produce testosterone in presence of luteinizing hormones. Leydig cells are polyhedral in shape and have a large prominent nucleus , an eosinophilic cytoplasm and numerous lipid filled vesicles.

A mature ovarian follicle is called Graafian follicle which consists of antrum and follicular cells

Mitochondria are called power-house of the cell. Sperms need energy for active movement. Middle piece of sperm contain large number of mitochondria.

Half of the sperm contain X-sex chromosome and remaining half contain Y-sex chromosome. Hence two kinds of sperms are formed by human male.

Each spermatid undergoes metamorphosis to develop into spermatozoa or sperms having head, neck and tail. Acrosome is present at the tip of head that contain enzyme for hydrolysis of wall of ovum during fertilisation.

2 polar bodies are formed during the complete process of oogenesis in human females.

In single insemination during coitus about 200-300 millions of sperms are released in the vagina of female. About 60% of them must have normal shape and size along with vigorous motility for fertilisation of ovum.

At puberty, menstrual cycle begins in girls. The beginning of menstrual cycle is called menarche. It starts at the age of about 12 to 13 years in girls.

Relaxin is produced by corpus leteum and is responsible for the inhibition of uterine contraction. It also helps in dilation of the cervix. This hormone is produced only during pregnancy

Transfer of male gametes (sperm) into female genital tract occurs during sexual intercourse that may leads to fertilisation of ovum for pregnancy. Sexual intercourse is called as coition or coitus.

The release of ovum from ovary during menstrual cycle is is called ovulation. Ovulation occurs in the middle of menstrual cycle that is on 14-16th day of start of menstrual cycle.

Endometrium is the inner lining of uterus which disintegrates and regenerates again and again during menstrual cycle.

The movement of fetus is observed on fifth month of pregnancy. In first month heart is formed. In second months limbs and digits are formed. At the end of three months, all major organs and genital organs are formed.

Ectoderm is the germ layer that develops primarily into skin and neural tissue. Mesoderm primarily develops into muscle tissues and red blood cells. Endoderm develops into the gut tube and its derived organs, including the cecum, intestine, stomach, thymus, liver, pancreas, lungs, thyroid and prostate.

Answer: Option B: Squamous epithelium

Solution: Squamous epithelium is made of a single thin layer of flattened cells, which is ideally suited for areas where diffusion or filtration processes occur, such as in the air sacs of lungs. This structure allows for efficient gas exchange between the air in the lungs and the blood in the capillaries. An interesting fact is that the thinness of squamous cells facilitates rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide, making our breathing process efficient.

Lactiferous glands present inside the mammary gland start producing milk due to release of hormone oxytocin from pituitary glands.

After parturition, mammary glands start producing milk. The yellowish coloured milk is called colostrums. This milk contains antibodies that provide immunity newly born baby.