Test: Medieval Indian History- 1

The Maratha Empire was founded by the Maratha warrior-hero Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, in the late 17th century. The Marathas are credited to a large extent for ending Mughal rule in India. Chhatrapati Shivaji was an aristocrat of the Bhosale clan.

Francois Bernier was briefly personal physician to Mughal prince Dara Shikoh. Dara Shikoh was the eldest son and heir-apparent of the fifth Mughal emperor Shah Jahan.

Mamluk dynasty was a dynasty established in Northern India by Qutb ud-Din Aibak.
Razia Sultana was the daughter of Iltumish, the third Muslim Turkic sultan of the Sultanate of Delhi.
Razia was the first and last Muslim lady to rule Delhi. She was a bold young woman, trained in military warfare and administration.

Chikankari is a traditional Indian embroidery style from Lucknow and is believed to have been introduced by Nur Jahan, the wife of Mughal emperor Jahangir. The literal meaning of the word Chikankari means embroidery which is delicate and shadow work type of embroidery.

Alauddin Khilji, the muslim ruler, enforced price control system for the first time. The primary reason of controlling the market by Alauddin was not to reduce the salary of his soldiers but to check the rising prices of different articles in terms of inflation. Alauddin did not fix the prices of the different articles lower than the prevalent prices of those articles in places around Delhi. Besides, the prices fixed by Alauddin were not very different from what we find then afterwards during the reign of Firoz Shah Tughlaq.

Administration under Akbar: The Mir-i-Bahar was incharge of customs and boats and ferry taxes, and port duties in coastal towns.

Firoz Shah Tughlaq took a number of significant steps during his reign. He set up employment bureau, marriage bureau, built public hospitals. He also set up a department of public works which repaired old monuments and build new ones. Many new cities like Firozpur, Hissar-i-Firoza among others were built during his reign. He also established a charity department called Diwan-i-Khairat. A water clock and a sun clock were also constructed during his reign.

Gunpowder was introduced much earlier in the subcontinent, probably in the 13th century by Mongols. Arch and dome architecture was widely prevalent during the Delhi Sultanate time much earlier than arrival of Babur, who established the Timurid dynasty in India in the 16th century.

In 1517 A.D Maharana Sanga defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in the Battle of Khatoli. When Rana Sanga enroached his land, Ibrahim Lodhi led an army towards Mewar. Ibrahim Lodhi lost the war and was captured by enemies. On payment of ransom, he was released.

1. Alamgir II -  Mughal Emperor of India from 1754 to 1759.
2. Mohammad Shah - Mughal emperor from 1719 to 1748. 
3. Shah Alam II - sixteenth Mughal Emperor who ruled from 1759 to 1806.
4. Ahmad Shah - Mughal Emperor who ruled from 1748 to 1754.