Test: Meristematic Tissues & Permanent Tissues (Old NCERT) - NEET MCQ

Collenchyma tissue is composed of elongated cells with irregularly thickened walls. They provide structural support, particularly in growing shoots and leaves.  Collenchyma cells are usually living, and have only a thick primary cell wall made up of cellulose and pectin.

Lateral meristems produce new cells that make the stems and roots thicker. This type of growth is called secondary growth. There are two kinds of lateral meristems, the vascular cambium and the cork cambium. These lateral meristems form rings within the plant body as the stem increases in thickness. The vascular cambium divides to produce new xylem cells toward the inside of the vascular cambium and new phloem cells toward the outside.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Since plants do not have bones for structure and support they must have cell walls around all of their cells. This leads to the need for very unique cells in plants. Sclerenchyma cells are specialized plant cells that exist to provide strength and support. They are present in all kinds of plants including grasses, trees, and flowering plants.

So, the correct answer is 'Sclerenchyma.'

Collenchyma cells mainly form supporting tissue and have irregular cell walls. They are found mainly in the cortex of stems and in leaves. The major function of sclerenchyma is support. Unlike collenchyma, mature cells of this tissue are generally dead and have thick walls containing lignin.

The companion cells are specialized parenchyma cells in the phloem tissues of the angiosperms. They are nucleated living cells with several ribosomes, plastids, and mitochondria. Their nuclei and nucleoli are relatively large (an indication of being metabolically active). They are closely associated with the sieve tube elements. They connect to them via the plasmodesmata. They provide energy to the sieve elements during food transport (translocation).

• A cluster of cells that have a common origin and work together to achieve a specific function.
• A plant tissue varies from that of an animal because they vary in their functions and characters.
• In plant there are two types of tissues, namely, Meristematic and permanent tissues.
• Simple permanent tissues comprise of sclerenchyma, collenchymas, parenchyma and epidermis.

Sieve cells are elongated, living cells without a nucleus. These are mainly involved in transport of sugars from the leaves to different parts of the plant.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.