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Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - NEET MCQ


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Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 1

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion : In a DNA molecule, A–T rich parts melt before G–C rich parts.
Reason : In between A and T there are three H–bond, whereas in between G and C there are two H-bonds.

Detailed Solution for Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 1

In a DNA molecule, A-T rich parts melt before G-C rich parts because there are two H-bond between A and T whereas in between G and C, there are three H-bond.

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 2

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: The two chains of DNA have antipolarity.

Reason: In one chain of DNA, ribose sugar at 5' end consists of a free phosphate moiety while at the other end the ribose has a free 3' OH group.

Detailed Solution for Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 2

The two chains of DNA have anti-parallel polarity this is because one chain has free phosphate moiety at 5'-end of the sugar and another chain has free phosphate moiety at 3'-end.

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Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 3

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: Adenine cannot pair with cytosine.
Reason: Adenine and cytosine do not have a perfect match between hydrogen donor and hydrogen acceptor sites. Hence, they cannot pair.

Detailed Solution for Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 3

In DNA, the code letters are A, T, G, and C, which stand for the chemicals adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine, respectively. In base pairing, adenine always pairs with thymine, and guanine always pairs with cytosine.

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 4

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: The sugar phosphate backbone of two chains in DNA double helix show anti-parallel polarity.
Reason: The phosphodiester bonds in one strand go from a 3' carbon of one nucleotide to a 5' carbon of adjacent nucleotide, whereas those in complementary strand go vice versa.

Detailed Solution for Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 4

The backbone of a DNA chain or strand is built up of alternate deoxyribose sugar and phosphoric acid groups. The phosphate group is connected to carbon 5' of the sugar residue of its own nucleotide and carbon 3' of the sugar residue of the next nucleotide by (3' → 5') phosphodiester bonds. The two DNA chains are antiparallel, that is, they run parallel but in opposite directions. In one chain the direction is 5' → 3' while in the opposite one, it is 3' → 5'.

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 5

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: DNA is considered to be better genetic material than RNA for most organisms.
Reason: 2'-OH group present in DNA makes it labile and less reactive.

Detailed Solution for Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 5

The genetic material should be stable enough not to change with different stages of life cycle, age or with change in physiology of the organism. The DNA strands being complementary, if separated by heating come together only when appropriate conditions are provided. Further, 2'-OH group present at every nucleotide in RNA is a reactive group and makes RNA labile and easily degradable. RNA is also now known to be catalytic, hence reactive. Therefore, DNA chemically is less reactive and structurally more stable when compared to RNA. Therefore, among the two nucleic acids, DNA is a better genetic material.

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 6

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion : Histones are basic proteins of major importance in packaging of eukaryotic DNA. DNA and histones comprise chromatin forming the bulk of eukaryotic chromosome.
Reason : Histones are of five major types H1,H2A H2B,H3 and H4 .

Detailed Solution for Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 6

Histones are basic proteins found in the eukaryotic chromosomes. These are rich in the amino acids lysine and arginine. Histonie proteins are basic proteins consisting of 5 types – H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4. DNA is coiled around it. It exists as octamers linked with H1.

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 7

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion : DNA is associated with proteins.
Reason : DNA binds around histone proteins that form a pool and the entire structure is called a nucleosome.

Detailed Solution for Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 7

A chain of DNA has 140 base pairs, make  turns and twist around a histone octamer forming nucleosome. The core of
nucleosome consists of 4 histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4.

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 8

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: Histones are basic in nature.
Reason: Histones are rich in the amino acids lysine and arginine.

Detailed Solution for Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 8

Histones contain a large proportion of the positively charged (basic) amino acids, lysine and arginine in their structure. DNA is negatively charged due to the phosphate groups on its backbone.

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 9

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: DNA acts as a genetic material in all organisms.
Reason: It is a single-stranded biomolecule.

Detailed Solution for Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 9

DNA is the hereditary material found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells that determines the composition of the organism. There is another type of genetic material found in cells and viruses known as ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is double stranded as well as single stranded biomolecule.

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 10

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: In Griffith's experiment, a mixture of heat-killed virulent bacteria R and live non-virulent bacteria S, lead to the death of mice.
Reason: 'Transforming principle' got transferred from heat killed R strain to S strain and made it virulent.

Detailed Solution for Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 10

When bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae are grown on a culture plate, some produce smooth shiny colonies (S) while others produce rough colonies (R). This is because the S strain bacteria have a mucous (polysaccharide) coat, while R strain does not. Mice infected with the S strain (virulent) die from pneumonia infection but mice infected with the R strain do not develop pneumonia. In Griffith's experiment, some 'transforming principle', transferred from the heat-killed S strain, had enabled the R strain to synthesize a smooth polysaccharide coat and become virulent which must be due to the transfer of the genetic material. This is known as transformation.

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 11

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: Template or antisense strand, having 3' → 5' polarity takes part in transcription.
Reason: Non-template or sense strand, having 5' → 3' polarity, does not take part in transcription.

Detailed Solution for Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 11

Strand of DNA which has 3' → 5' polarity is called template strand or master strand or antisense, or (-) strand. The other strand which has a polarity of 5' → 3' is displaced during transcription. This non-template strand which does not take part in transcription is also called sense or coding strand or plus (+) strand because genetic code present in this strand is similar to genetic code (based on mRNA) except that uracil is replaced by thymine.

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 12

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: The uptake of DNA during transformation is an active, energy requiring process.
Reason: Transformation occurs only in those bacteria, which possess the enzymatic machinery involved in the active uptake and recombination

Detailed Solution for Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 12

Transformation does not involve passive entry of DNA molecules through permeable cell walls and membranes. It does not occur ‘naturally’ in all species of bacteria, only in those species possessing the enzymatic machinery involved in the active uptake and recombination processes. Even in these species, all cells in a given population are not capable of active uptake of DNA. Only competent cells, which possess a so – called competence factor are capable of serving as recipients in transformation.

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 13

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: Killer strain of Paramecium aurelia can kill sensitive strain.
Reason: If sensitive strain is provided kappa particle, it becomes killer.

Detailed Solution for Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 13

Paramecium aurelia has two strains : killer and sensitive. The killer strain is able to kill the sensitive strain protist by means of chemical paramecin, secreted by minute cytoplasmic particles called kappa particle. The sensitive strain protists do not have kappa particles. The sensitive strain can also become killer if it receives sufficient kappa particles.

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 14

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: Scaffold proteins are nonhistone chromosomal proteins.
Reason: They are rich in lysine and arginine.

Detailed Solution for Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 14

Structural nonhistone chromosomal proteins are called scaffold proteins as they constitute the core axis of the chromosome. They contain very little lysine and arginine but instead possess abundant tyrosine and tryptophan types of amino acids.

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 15

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: Viruses having RNA genome have shorter life span and mutate faster.
Reason: RNA is unstable and thus mutates faster.

Detailed Solution for Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 15

Unlike DNA, RNA is usually singlestranded. Additionally, RNA contains ribose sugars rather than deoxyribose sugars, which makes RNA more unstable and more prone to degradation. RNA is synthesized from DNA by an enzyme known as RNA polymerase during a process called transcription. Viruses having RNA have shorter life span and mutate at faster rate.

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 16

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: Replication on one strand of DNA is continuous and on another is discontinuous.
Reason: The DNA polymerase works in 3' → 5' direction.

Detailed Solution for Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 16

The DNA polymerase works in the 3' → 5' direction thus continuously synthesising the strand having polarity 5' → 3'.

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 17

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: The mechanism of DNA replication is semiconservative in nature.
Reason: Each of the complementary strands of the parental double helix is conserved during the process.

Detailed Solution for Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 17

DNA replication is semiconservative, a type of replication in which one strand of the daughter duplex is derived from the parent while the other strand is formed new. This is carried out by the separation of two strands. The separated strands function as templates. The new strands built up over the templates of old strands will have complementray base pairs (A opposite T and G opposite C). The two daughter DNA molecules thus, formed will be carbon copies of the parent molecule but shall have one new strand and one old strand.

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 18

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: Synthesis of daughter or new strand occurs continuously along the parent 3' → 5' strand.
Reason: DNA polymerase can polymerise nucleotides in 3' → 5' direction on 5' → 3' strand.

Detailed Solution for Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 18

DNA-polymerase can polymerise nucleotides only in 5' → 3' direction on 3' → 5' strand because it adds them at the 3' direction on 3' → 5' strand because it adds them at the 3' end. Replication over the two templates proceeds in opposite directions. One strand with polarity 3' → 5' forms its complementary strand continuously because 3' end of latter is always open for elongation. It is called leading strand. Replication is discontinuous on the other template with polarity 5'→ 3' because only a short segment of DNA strand can be built in 5' → 3' direction due to exposure of a small stretch of template at one time. Short segments of replicated DNA are called Okazaki fragments. DNA strand built up of Okazaki fragments is called lagging strand. As one strand grows continuously while the other strand is formed discontinuously, DNA replication is semidiscontinuous.

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 19

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: One of the two strands of DNA is called sense strand and other is called antisense strand.
Reason: Sense strand of DNA forms complementary RNA.

Detailed Solution for Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 19

Only one of the two strands of DNA possesses correct hereditary information. It is known as sense strand. Its complementary strand is called antisense strand. Antisense RNA that is made from the DNA strand that is complementary to the sense strand of the DNA.

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 20

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: The nitrogen bases of the two chains of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds.
Reason: Both chains of DNA are antiparallel.

Detailed Solution for Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Question 20

The nitrogen bases of DNA are of two types namely (i) pyrimidines and (ii) purines. The nitrogen bases of the two chains formed complementary pairs with purine of one and pyrimidine of the other held together by hydrogen bonds. The two chains are antiparallel with 5'→ 3' orientation of one and 3'→5' orientation of the other.

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