Test: NEET Previous Year Questions: Digestion & Absorption - 1 (Old NCERT) - NEET MCQ

• Chymotrypsin is produced by pancreas. 
• Chymotrypsin is a digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins. It is naturally produced by the pancreas in the human body.
• However, it can also be taken as an enzyme supplement to improve health and digestion and aid in the treatment of various diseases.

Scurvy is caused by the deficiency of vitamin C. Vitamin C is also called ascorbic acid. Symptoms of it include weakness, tiredness, sore arms and legs, gum disease, bleeding, etc. It can be easily cured by giving supplements of ascorbic acid.

Fatty acids in the lumen of the duodenum stimulate endocrine cells to release the hormone cholecystokinin (CCK). CCK stimulates contractions in the smooth muscle of the gallbladder. CCK causes relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi, allowing bile release into the duodenum.

The incisors at the front of the mouth have a sharp biting surface and are used for cutting or shearing food into small chewable pieces.

Peptic cells or chief cells and oxyntic cells or parietal cells are found in gastric glands of stomach. Peptic cells secrete pepsinogen and oxyntic cells secrete hydrochloric acid. Goblet cells are distributed throughout the alimentary canal and are especially abundant in duodenum. They produce mucus.

• Fatty liver syndrome occurs due to excessive intake of alcohol.
• It is the build-up of fat in liver. Gradually the liver hardens and dries up. The healthy cells of liver are replaced by fibrous tissue.
• This leads to build up of scar tissue in liver and leads to cirrhosis.
• Due to this, activities like protein synthesis and glycolysis are greatly reduced in liver.
• The structure of liver also gets changed and blood flow is blocked.

Enterogastrone is a hormone secreted by the duodenal mucosa, when fatty food is in the stomach or small intestine. It is also thought to be released, when sugars and proteins are in the intestine. 

• Carnassials are paired upper and lower teeth (either molars or premolars and molars) which are modified in such a way as to allow self-sharpening edges to pass by each other in a cutting manner.
• These type of teeth are used for tearing and are found in animals of the order Carnivora (e.g. tigers, wolves).

Glisson's capsules are the capsule of the liver of mammals. A layer of connective tissue surrounding the liver and ensheathing the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile ducts within the liver.

Osteomalacia is a bone disease characterized by bone demineralization due to deficiency or impaired metabolism of vitamin D or phosphates. It is also called adult rickets.

Odontoblasts are the dentine forming cells, derived from mesenchyme of neural crest origin, lining the pulp cavity of a tooth. Odontoblasts are arranged in a peripheral layer in the dental pulp.

Gastrin is peptide hormone . it acts on parietal hormone by directly or indirectly too, by the secretion of histamine.

Saliva contains the enzyme amylase, also called ptyalin, which break downs starch into simpler sugars such as maltose and dextrin that can be further broken down in the small intestine. About 30% starch digestion takes place in the mouth cavity.

Vitaman B₁₂ also known as cyanocobalamin is a maturation factor for RBc, s and contains Cobalt as a constituent metal.

One of the functions of the liver is to remove the poisonous substances from blood flowed by their detoxification. Kupffer cells are the large fixed phagocytic cells that are attached to the lining of the hepatic sinusoids in the liver and serve to remove pathogens and debris that enter through the hepatic portal vein at the small intestine. Kupffer cells constitute 80-90% of the tissue macrophages present in the body. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Rabbits have 4 incisors, two on the top,and two on the bottom.Right behind the top incisors teeth are two small peg-like teeth called auxiliary incisions, or peg-teeth.In addition, Rabbits have cheek teeth that they use to grind their food.

Crypts of Lieberkuhn are present in the 'small intestine and secrete digestive enzymes'.

Succus entericus is also known as Intestinal juice. It is an alkaline secretion which is produced by Glands in the wall of the Duodenum. And it is secreted by Crypts of Lieberkunh. It protects the duodenum from getting damaged.

Rabbit is herbivorous animal and depends on cellulose based food. It has no canines in jaw. The dental formula is  2 0 3 3 / 1 0 2 3 for incisors, canine, premolar and molars in each jaw. Thus the canines are absent. There is a gap in both the jaws at the location of canines. It is called as diastema. The total number of teeth in upper jaw are 16 and 12 teeth in lower jaw. The total number of teeth are 28.

In deamination , the removal of an amine group  takes place from a molecule. In our human body, deamination majorly takes place in the liver, however glutamate is  deaminated in the kidneys as well. So, deamination takes place in both kidney and liver.

• Folic acid is also known as Vitamin B9​.
• Folic acid is required for DNA synthesis and cell growth and is important for red blood cell formation, energy production as well as the forming of amino acids. 

• Marasmus is caused by protein-energy-malnutrition (PEM) or deficiency of protein.
• The common symptoms are impaired physical growth, subcutaneous fat disappears, ribs become very prominent, limbs become thin and skin becomes dry, thin and wrinkled and  loss of weight occurs.
• The cure is a diet with adequate proteins and proper caloric value.

Brunner's glands are found in the submucosa of the first part of the small intestine. These glands produce mucus which is alkaline in nature. It acts as an antacid and protects the intestine from acid chyme of the stomach. It also lubricates the intestinal wall. 

Kupffer's cell in liver act as macrophage.

Vitamin E encompasses a group of eight compounds, including α, β, γ, and δ tocopherols and α, β, γ, and δ tocotrienols, with differing biological activities. Each compound contains a hydroxyl-containing chromanol ring with a varying number and position of methyl groups between the α, β, γ, and δ forms.

• Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is important for vision and cell differentiation.
• It is an essential component of rhodopsin.
• Rhodopsin is essential for vision in dim light.
• Thus, Vitamin A deficiency leads to night blindness, which is abnormally poor vision in dim light.

• Many component vitamins of vitamin B complex act as coenzymes during metabolic reactions.
• Example: thiamine is the precursor of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), niacin is the precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), riboflavin is the precursor of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) etc.

Vitamin B₁ (Thiamine) is also known as anti beri-beri factor or antineuritic factor.  Beriberi affects peripheral nervous system, alimentary canal  and cardiovascular system. Common dietary sources of thiamine are whole grains, egg and fish etc.

Originally called the anti-sterility factor or anti-sterility vitamin, tocopherol comes from the Greek words tokos (“offspring”) and pheros (“to bear”). Vitamin E is essential for normal reproduction, muscle development, formation of red blood cells.