Test: Our Government - Software Development MCQ

The correct answer is President.

• President appoints the judges of the Supreme Court.

Key Points

• The Supreme Court:
  • Article 124 states the establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court.
  • The Judges of the Supreme Court, after consulting the Chief Justice of India, are appointed by the President of India.
  • Qualifications:
    • He should be a citizen of India.
    • He should have been a Judge of a High Court for five years.
    • He should have been an advocate of a High Court for ten years
    • He should be a distinguished jurist in the opinion of the President.

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e ​Parliament.

Key Points

• Parliament is the final authority for making laws in India.
• The law proposals which are passed by the parliament should be approved by the President.
• And similarly, the law proposals which are passed by state legislatures should be approved by Governor.
• Parliament has also the power to amend the laws in India.
• Prime Minister is the head of the council of ministers and also head the cabinet and acts as the chief advisor to the President.

The correct answer is 25 Years.

• The minimum age to contest an election for the Lower House (Lok Sabha) in India is 25 years.

Key Points

• To become a member of Lok Sabha, a candidate should have the following eligibility criteria:
  • The candidate should be a citizen of India.
  • The candidate should have at least 25 years of age.
  • The candidate should not hold an office of profit under the Indian government or the government of any other state.
  • The candidate should not be an unstable mind.

Important Points

• To become a member of Parliament, one should not be less than 30 years of age in the case of Rajya Sabha.

The correct answer is Lok Sabha.

Key Points

• Money Bill:
  • A money bill is defined by Article 110 of the Constitution, as a draft law that contains only provisions that deal with all or any of the matters listed therein.
  • These comprise a set of seven features, broadly including items such as the imposition or regulation of a tax; the regulation of the borrowing of money by the Government of India; the withdrawal of money from the Consolidated Fund of India; and so forth.
  • In the event proposed legislation contains other features, ones that are not merely incidental to the items specifically outlined, such a draft law cannot be classified as a money bill.
  • Article 110 further clarifies that in cases where a dispute arises over whether a bill is a money bill or not, the Lok Sabha Speaker’s decision on the issue shall be considered final.

Additional Information

• According to Article 110 of the Indian Constitution, a bill is deemed to be a money bill if it contains ‘only’ provisions dealing with all or any of the following matters:
  • The imposition, abolition, remission, alteration, or regulation of any tax.
  • The regulation of the borrowing of money by the Union government.
  • The custody of the Consolidated Fund of India or the contingency fund of India, the payment of amounts of money into or the withdrawal of money from any such fund.
  • The appropriation of money out of the Consolidated Fund of India.
  • Declaration of any expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of India or increasing the amount of any such expenditure.
  • The receipt of money on account of the Consolidated Fund of India or the public account of India or the custody or issue of such money, or the audit of the accounts of the Union or of a state.
• According to Article 109 clause 5 of the Indian Constitution, if a Money Bill passed by the House of the People and transmitted to the Council of States for its recommendations is not returned to the House of the People within the said period of 14 days, it shall be deemed to have been passed by both Houses at the expiration of the said period in the form in which it was passed by the House of the People

The correct answer is 28th January 1950.

Key Points

• The Supreme Court in India was established under the Regulating Act, of 1773.
• The Regulating Act of 1773 established a Supreme Court at Fort William, Calcutta.
• Harilal Jekisundas Kania was the first Chief Justice of India.
• On the 28th of January, 1950, two days after India became the Sovereign Democratic Republic, the Supreme Court came into being.
• The inauguration took place in the Chamber of Princes in the Parliament building which also housed India's Parliament, consisting of the Council of States and the House of the People.
• In the Chamber of Princes, the Federal Court of India had sat for 12 years between 1937 and 1950.
• This was to be the home of the Supreme Court for years that were to follow until the Supreme Court acquired its own present premises.
• It replaced both the Federal Court of India and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.
• The First proceedings took place on 28 January 1950 at 9:45 am.​

The correct answer is The Supreme Court.

Key Points 

• The Supreme Court of India is called the custodian of the Constitution in India.
• The highest court in India, the Supreme Court is considered as the guardian of the Constitution.
• The conflicts or quarrels of jurisdiction between the central government and the state governments or between the legislature and the executive are decided by the court.
• It upholds and uplifts the rule of law and also ensures and protects citizens’ rights and liberties as given in the Constitution.
• Therefore, the Supreme Court is also known as the Guardian of the Constitution.​

Additional Information 

• The Indian constitution provides for a provision of the Supreme Court under Part V (The Union) and Chapter 6 (The Union Judiciary).
• The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial court and the final court of appeal under the Constitution of India, the highest constitutional court, with the power of judicial review.
• India is a federal state and has a single and unified judicial system with a three-tier structure, i.e. Supreme Court, High Courts, and Subordinate Courts.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

Article 75 of the Indian Constitution mentions that a Prime Minister is one who is appointed by the President.

• There is no specific procedure for his election or appointment.
• Article 74(1) states that there shall be a Council of Ministers with a Prime Minister at the head to aid and advise the President. 
• President of India appoints a person as the Prime Minister who is either the leader of the party which holds a majority of seats in the Lok Sabha or is a person who is able to win the confidence of the Lok Sabha by gaining the support of other political parties.

• All other ministers are appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.

Thus, it is clear that while appointing the Prime Minister, the President selects the leader of the alliance or party that has the support of the majority in Lok Sabha.

Additional Information

• President can also appoint Prime Minister at his own discretion but only when no party has a clear majority in the Lok Sabha. 

The correct answer is President of India.

• The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces.
  • The Indian Armed Forces are under the management of the Ministry of Defense of the Government of India.

Additional Information

• The president is called the first citizen of the country.
  • Article 52 defines the president of India.
  • Article 54 is related to the election of the president.
  • Article 61 is related to the procedure for the impeachment of the president.
  • Article 72 is related to the power of the president to grant pardon.

At the State level, the Council of Ministers is the executive body of the state that assists the Governor in the administration.

Important Points

The Council of Ministers consists of the Chief Minister and other ministers.

• The Chief Minister is appointed by the Governor while the other members of the council are appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister.
• The Council of Ministers takes the policy decisions and advises the Governor on important issues.
• The council submits bills to the Assembly and initiates them.
• It gives directions to partner states and institutions of the community.
• It considers the budget of the community.
• It controls the finance of the state.
• It makes the rules and regulations for the staff.
• It submits the annual progress reports and makes the agenda of the meetings.
• It establishes the Sectorial Committees.

Thus, it is clear that the Governor appoints the Council of Ministers of a State. 

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e When matters of utmost importance are raised.

• The time immediately following the Question Hour known as "Zero Hour".It is called zero-hour as it takes place at about 12 noon.
• It was introduced in the Indian parliamentary affairs in 1962.
• In this period, the members of the Parliament can raise important matters without giving prior notice.
• Members who wish to raise matters during the Zero Hour need to give notice to the speaker before the start of the daily session.
• In Lok Sabha, only 20 matters per day are allowed to be raised during the Zero Hour.
• The speaker decides which subjects are to be discussed in the first phase and which subjects are to be discussed in the second phase.