Test: Our Universe - 2 - Class 5 MCQ

The distance of star from earth is measured in light years.
Explanation:
- The distance between stars and Earth is incredibly vast, so traditional units of length such as kilometers or meters are not practical for measuring such long distances.
- Instead, astronomers use a unit of measurement called a light year.
- A light year is the distance that light travels in one year.
- Since light travels at a speed of approximately 299,792 kilometers per second, in one year it can travel a distance of about 9.46 trillion kilometers.
- Therefore, when we say a star is a certain number of light years away, we mean that it takes light that many years to travel from the star to Earth.
- For example, if a star is 10 light years away, it means that the light we see from that star today actually left the star 10 years ago.
- Using light years as a unit of measurement allows astronomers to better understand the vast distances in the universe and study objects that are millions or even billions of light years away from Earth.

The revolution of the Moon around the Earth makes the Moon appear as if it is changing shape in the sky. From Earth we see the Moon grow from a thin crescent to a full disk (or full moon) and then shrink back to a thin crescent again before vanishing for a few days.

 

The phases of the Moon depend on its position in relation to the Sun and Earth. As the Moon makes its way around the Earth, we see the bright parts of the Moon's surface at different angles. These are called 'phases' of the Moon.

It takes our Moon about 29.5 days to completely cycle through all eight phases.

Thats why the moon shape will be same after a month.

Explanation:
The statement "Moon's atmosphere can filter the dangerous radiation" is not true with respect to the moon. Here's why:
1. Moon pulls the ocean water:
- The moon's gravitational force affects the ocean tides on Earth.
- The gravitational interaction between the moon and the ocean creates tidal bulges, causing the water to rise and fall in a regular pattern.
2. No sound can be heard on the moon:
- The moon does not have an atmosphere like Earth, which is necessary for sound to travel.
- Sound waves require a medium (such as air or water) to propagate, but the moon's lack of atmosphere means there is no medium for sound to travel through.
3. Moon's gravity is 176th of Earth:
- The moon's gravity is approximately 1/6th (not 176th) of Earth's gravity.
- This lower gravity is why astronauts on the moon can jump higher and objects weigh less compared to Earth.
4. Moon's atmosphere can filter the dangerous radiation:
- This statement is not true. The moon does not have a significant atmosphere to filter radiation.
- Unlike Earth, the moon lacks a protective atmosphere and magnetic field, making it exposed to harmful solar radiation.
Therefore, option D is not true, as the moon does not have an atmosphere that can filter dangerous radiation.

Answer:
The correct answer is Option D: SPUTANIK-1. It is not an Indian satellite.
Explanation:
Indian Satellites:
- Aryabhatta: Aryabhatta was the first Indian satellite, launched by the Soviet Union on 19 April 1975.
- INSAT: INSAT (Indian National Satellite System) is a series of multi-purpose geostationary satellites launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). These satellites provide services like telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology, and disaster warning.
- IRS: IRS (Indian Remote Sensing) satellites are Earth observation satellites also launched by ISRO. They are used for various applications including natural resource management, agriculture, and disaster management.
Non-Indian Satellite:
- SPUTANIK-1: Sputnik-1 was the first artificial Earth satellite. It was launched by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957 and is not an Indian satellite.
To summarize, SPUTANIK-1 is not an Indian satellite, while Aryabhatta, INSAT, and IRS are Indian satellites.

Explanation:
Definition:
An eclipse is a phenomenon in which one celestial body moves into the shadow of another celestial body, resulting in a partial or total darkening of the sun or moon.
Types of Eclipses:
There are two types of eclipses:
1. Solar eclipse: It occurs when the moon moves between the sun and the Earth, blocking the sunlight and casting a shadow on Earth.
2. Lunar eclipse: It occurs when the Earth moves between the sun and the moon, blocking the sunlight from reaching the moon and causing it to darken.
Answer:
The correct answer is option C: eclipse.
Explanation:
- The darkening of the sun or moon, either partially or completely, is called an eclipse.
- The term "eclipse" is used to describe this phenomenon in which one celestial body moves into the shadow of another celestial body.
- During a solar eclipse, the moon blocks the sunlight, causing a partial or total darkening of the sun.
- During a lunar eclipse, the Earth blocks the sunlight from reaching the moon, causing it to darken.
Thus, the correct answer is option C: eclipse.

Observing Earth from the Moon

Introduction:

When viewing Earth from the Moon, the appearance of our planet may differ from what we typically see from the surface. Let's explore the different possibilities:

A: Red
- Earth does not appear red when viewed from the Moon.
- This option is not the correct answer.
B: Blue
- The correct answer is blue.
- When observing Earth from the Moon, it appears predominantly blue due to the vastness of the oceans.
- The reflection of sunlight off the water gives Earth its blue appearance.
C: Green
- Earth does not appear green when viewed from the Moon.
- This option is not the correct answer.
D: None of these
- The correct answer is blue.
- Option D is incorrect.

Conclusion:

When viewing Earth from the Moon, it appears blue due to the reflection of sunlight off the oceans. This gives our planet its recognizable blue color.

Asteroids
A: Asteroids don't revolve around the sun as planets.
- This statement is true. Unlike planets, asteroids do not follow a regular orbit around the sun.
B: Asteroids belt is between Venus and Jupiter.
- This statement is false. The asteroid belt is located between Mars and Jupiter, not Venus and Jupiter.
C: Asteroids are planet-like objects but smaller and often irregularly shaped.
- This statement is true. Asteroids are rocky remnants left over from the formation of the solar system. They are similar to planets but are smaller in size and can have irregular shapes.
D: Asteroids can't be classified into groups.
- This statement is false. Asteroids can be classified into different groups based on their composition, location, and other characteristics. The main groups include the carbonaceous (C-type), silicate (S-type), and metallic (M-type) asteroids.
In conclusion, the correct statement about asteroids is that they are planet-like objects but smaller and often irregularly shaped (Option C).

Answer:
The planet on which the chances of life existed, resembling Earth and red in color is Mars.
Explanation:
1. Mars:
- Mars is often referred to as the "Red Planet" due to its reddish appearance.
- It has a similar rocky terrain and surface features as Earth.
- Mars has a thin atmosphere and polar ice caps, which provide evidence of the presence of water in the past.
- The planet has a day-night cycle and seasons similar to Earth.
- Scientists have discovered evidence of liquid water on Mars, which is considered essential for the existence of life.
2. Jupiter:
- Jupiter is a gas giant and does not have a solid surface.
- It is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium.
- The planet has a turbulent atmosphere and prominent bands of clouds.
- Jupiter does not have the necessary conditions for life as we know it, such as a solid surface, suitable atmosphere, or liquid water.
3. Saturn:
- Saturn is also a gas giant and does not possess a solid surface.
- It is known for its prominent ring system.
- Similar to Jupiter, Saturn does not have the necessary conditions for life as we know it.
4. Mercury:
- Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and has a rocky, cratered surface.
- It does not have a thick atmosphere and experiences extreme temperature variations.
- Mercury does not have the necessary conditions for life as we know it.
In conclusion, the planet that most closely resembles Earth and has the potential for life is Mars.

Gravity on the moon compared to Earth:
- The gravity on the moon is one sixth of the gravity on Earth.
- This means that objects on the moon weigh one sixth of what they weigh on Earth.
- The gravitational pull on the moon is weaker compared to Earth due to its smaller mass.
- The moon's gravity is approximately 1.622 m/s² while Earth's gravity is approximately 9.8 m/s².
- Astronauts on the moon experience a sensation of lightness due to the reduced gravitational force.
- The lower gravity on the moon allows astronauts to leap and move more easily compared to Earth.
- The moon's weaker gravity also affects other phenomena such as the height of tides compared to Earth.
- The difference in gravity on the moon and Earth is a result of their different masses and sizes.
- Understanding the difference in gravity between the moon and Earth is essential for space exploration and lunar missions.

Answer:
Satellite of which planet is Titan?
The satellite Titan is a moon of the planet Saturn.
Explanation:
Here is a detailed explanation of why Titan is a satellite of Saturn:
- Titan: Titan is the largest moon of the planet Saturn. It is the second-largest moon in the entire solar system, after Ganymede (a moon of Jupiter).
- Size and Composition: Titan is larger than the planet Mercury and is the only moon in our solar system to have a thick atmosphere. Its atmosphere is composed mostly of nitrogen, similar to Earth's atmosphere, with trace amounts of methane.
- Orbit: Titan orbits around the planet Saturn. It is located at an average distance of about 1.2 million kilometers from Saturn. Titan takes approximately 16 days and 16 hours to complete one orbit around Saturn.
- Interaction with Saturn: Titan is gravitationally bound to Saturn and is influenced by the planet's gravity. It follows an elliptical orbit around Saturn, just like other moons in the Saturnian system.
- Exploration: Titan has been the focus of scientific research and exploration. The NASA spacecraft Cassini-Huygens mission provided valuable data about Titan's surface, atmosphere, and hydrocarbon lakes. The Huygens probe landed on Titan's surface in 2005, providing the first direct observations of its environment.
In conclusion, Titan is a satellite of the planet Saturn, and it holds significant scientific interest due to its unique atmosphere and potential for studying the conditions that might support life.

Explanation:
- The phase of the moon during which an eclipse occurs is the New moon.
- During a new moon, the moon is positioned between the Earth and the Sun, with the illuminated side of the moon facing away from the Earth.
- This alignment of the Sun, Moon, and Earth creates the conditions necessary for a solar eclipse to occur.
- A solar eclipse happens when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, blocking the Sun's light and casting a shadow on the Earth.
- It is important to note that not every new moon results in an eclipse, as the Moon's orbit is slightly tilted relative to the Earth's orbit around the Sun.
- The alignment of the Sun, Moon, and Earth must be precise for an eclipse to occur.
Key Points:
- Eclipse occurs during the phase of the New moon.
- New moon is when the illuminated side of the moon is facing away from the Earth.
- Solar eclipse happens during a new moon when the Moon blocks the Sun's light.
- Precise alignment of the Sun, Moon, and Earth is required for an eclipse to occur.

Observing the Moon and Distant Stars with a Telescope

A telescope is the instrument used for observing the moon and distant stars. Here's a detailed explanation:

Definition of a Telescope:
- A telescope is an optical instrument that gathers and magnifies light, allowing us to see objects that are far away and appear small to the naked eye.
- It consists of a combination of lenses or mirrors that focus and enlarge the image.

Function of a Telescope:
- A telescope collects and focuses light from distant objects, making them appear brighter and larger.
- It allows us to observe celestial objects such as the moon, planets, stars, and galaxies.

Observing the Moon:
- The moon is a celestial object that is relatively close to Earth.
- With a telescope, you can observe the moon's surface in detail, including craters, mountains, and other geological features.
- A telescope allows you to see the moon's phases and study its movements.

Observing Distant Stars:
- Stars are incredibly far away from Earth, and their light is relatively weak when it reaches us.
- A telescope gathers and amplifies this light, allowing us to see distant stars more clearly.
- Telescopes also enable astronomers to study the properties of stars, such as their temperature, composition, and distance.

Types of Telescopes:
- There are different types of telescopes, including refracting telescopes, reflecting telescopes, and compound telescopes.
- Refracting telescopes use lenses to gather and focus light.
- Reflecting telescopes use mirrors to collect and reflect light.
- Compound telescopes combine lenses and mirrors to enhance the image.

In conclusion, a telescope is the instrument used for observing the moon and distant stars. It collects and magnifies light, allowing us to see celestial objects more clearly and study their characteristics.

First Women to go in Space:
Valentina Tereshkova:
- Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman to go into space.
- She was a Soviet cosmonaut and flew aboard the Vostok 6 spacecraft on June 16, 1963.
- Tereshkova completed 48 orbits around the Earth during her mission, which lasted for almost three days.
- She was selected from a pool of more than 400 applicants and trained extensively for her space mission.
- Tereshkova's flight was a significant milestone in the history of space exploration, marking the first time a woman went beyond the Earth's atmosphere.
Other Options:
- Kalpana Chawla was an Indian-American astronaut who flew on the Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997. While she was an accomplished astronaut, she was not the first woman to go into space.
- Sunita Williams is an American astronaut of Indian descent who has also flown in space, but she was not the first woman to do so.
Conclusion:
- The correct answer is option B: Valentina Tereshkova. She was the first woman to go into space and made history with her pioneering mission in 1963.

First Indian Satellite:
The first Indian satellite was named Aryabhatta.
Explanation:
- Aryabhatta was the first Indian satellite launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on 19 April 1975.
- It was named after the famous Indian mathematician and astronomer, Aryabhatta.
- Aryabhatta weighed around 360 kg and was built to conduct experiments in X-ray astronomy, aeronomy, and solar physics.
- The satellite was launched into orbit by the Soviet Union's Kosmos-3M launch vehicle from Kapustin Yar, Russia.
- Aryabhatta had an orbital period of 96.2 minutes and an inclination of 50.6 degrees.
- It successfully operated for 4 days before its communication system failed.
Key Points:
- First Indian satellite: Aryabhatta
- Launched by: Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
- Launch date: 19 April 1975
- Named after: Aryabhatta, Indian mathematician and astronomer
- Weight: 360 kg
- Purpose: X-ray astronomy, aeronomy, and solar physics experiments
- Launch vehicle: Soviet Union's Kosmos-3M
- Orbit characteristics: 96.2 minutes orbital period, 50.6 degrees inclination
- Operation duration: 4 days

Helley's comet usually seen after how many years?
The correct answer is B: 76 yrs.
Explanation:
- Halley's Comet, also known as Comet Halley, is a periodic comet that is visible from Earth approximately every 76 years.
- It is named after the astronomer Edmund Halley, who predicted its return based on historical observations.
- The last time Halley's Comet was visible from Earth was in 1986, and it is expected to be visible again in 2061.
- The comet's orbit around the Sun takes it to the outer reaches of the solar system, and it takes about 76 years for it to complete one orbit.
- When Halley's Comet is closest to Earth, it can be seen with the naked eye and appears as a bright, moving object in the night sky.
- However, its visibility and brightness can vary depending on various factors, such as its distance from Earth and the conditions of the atmosphere.
- Halley's Comet is one of the most famous comets and has been observed and documented for centuries.
- Its periodic return has made it a subject of fascination and study by astronomers and space enthusiasts alike.

First Indian to go in space:
Answer: C. Rakesh Sharma
Explanation:
- Rakesh Sharma is the first Indian to go in space.
- He flew aboard the Soyuz T-11 spacecraft launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on April 2, 1984.
- The mission was a joint program between the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the Soviet Intercosmos space program.
- Rakesh Sharma spent 7 days, 21 hours, and 40 minutes in space as part of the mission.
- During his time in space, he conducted various scientific experiments and observations.
- Rakesh Sharma's journey to space was a significant milestone for India and marked the country's entry into the space exploration field.
- He received several honors and awards for his achievement, including the Ashoka Chakra, India's highest peacetime gallantry award.
- Rakesh Sharma's space mission paved the way for further advancements in India's space program, leading to future successful missions like the Chandrayaan and Mangalyaan.
- His journey continues to inspire and motivate aspiring astronauts in India.

Explanation:
The correct answer is B: Phobos and Deimos.
Here is a detailed explanation:
- Mars, also known as the Red Planet, has two natural satellites or moons called Phobos and Deimos.
- Phobos is the larger and innermost moon, while Deimos is the smaller and outermost moon.
- Phobos has a diameter of about 22 kilometers (14 miles) and orbits Mars at a distance of about 6,000 kilometers (3,700 miles).
- Deimos has a diameter of about 12 kilometers (7.5 miles) and orbits Mars at a distance of about 23,500 kilometers (14,600 miles).
- Both Phobos and Deimos are irregularly shaped and are thought to be captured asteroids or remnants of a larger object that was shattered by a collision with Mars.
- They were discovered by American astronomer Asaph Hall in 1877.
- These moons have been studied extensively by spacecraft, including the Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Odyssey, and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter missions.
Therefore, the correct answer is B: Phobos and Deimos.

Incorrect Match: Mercury - Hottest planet

Explanation:

• Venus - Called morning or evening star: Venus is often referred to as the morning or evening star because it is visible in the sky shortly before sunrise or after sunset.


• Saturn - Its rings are made of Rocks and dust: Saturn's rings are composed of ice particles, rocks, and dust. These rings are not solid but are made up of countless individual particles.


• Mercury - Hottest planet: This statement is incorrect. While Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, it is not the hottest planet in our solar system. The hottest planet is actually Venus due to its thick atmosphere and greenhouse effect.


• Jupiter - Largest and fastest spinning planet: Jupiter is indeed the largest planet in our solar system. It is also known for its fast rotation, completing a full rotation in less than 10 hours.

Therefore, the incorrect match is C: Mercury - Hottest planet.

Answer:
The farthest planet from the sun is Neptune. Here is a detailed explanation:
Planets in the Solar System:
- Mercury
- Venus
- Earth
- Mars
- Jupiter
- Saturn
- Uranus
- Neptune
Calculating the distance:
- The average distance from the Sun to Neptune is approximately 4.5 billion kilometers or 2.8 billion miles.
- This distance can vary due to the elliptical orbits of both Neptune and Earth.
Factors affecting the distance:
- The distance of a planet from the Sun is determined by its orbit.
- The farther a planet is from the Sun, the longer its orbital period (the time it takes to complete one orbit around the Sun).
Comparison with other planets:
- Uranus is closer to the Sun than Neptune.
- Saturn and Jupiter are even closer to the Sun than Uranus.
- Therefore, Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun among the given options.
Conclusion:
- The correct answer is C: Neptune, as it is the farthest planet from the Sun in our Solar System.

Explanation:
The correct arrangement of phases in the waxing phase of the Moon is as follows:
A: New moon → Crescent → Half moon → Gibbous → Full moon
Here's a breakdown of each phase:
1. New Moon: This phase occurs when the Moon is positioned between the Earth and the Sun, and the side of the Moon facing the Earth is in shadow. It is not visible from Earth.
2. Crescent: As the Moon moves in its orbit, a small sliver of the illuminated side becomes visible from Earth, forming a crescent shape.
3. Half Moon: At this phase, half of the Moon's visible side is illuminated, while the other half is in shadow. The illuminated portion appears as a semicircle.
4. Gibbous: The Moon continues to move in its orbit, and the illuminated portion increases, forming a shape that is between half and full.
5. Full Moon: This phase occurs when the entire side of the Moon facing the Earth is fully illuminated by sunlight, making it appear as a complete circle.
So, the correct arrangement is A: New moon → Crescent → Half moon → Gibbous → Full moon.