Test: Property, Succession and Inheritence - Humanities/Arts MCQ

Self-acquired property is acquired through personal effort or work, reflecting assets obtained through an individual's endeavors rather than family funds or inheritance. This type of property signifies the fruits of one's labor and is a key aspect of property ownership in various legal systems.

Inheritance in property pertains to acquiring assets after the death of an ancestor through succession. This process involves the transfer of property rights from the deceased to their heirs, delineating how property is passed down through generations.

The two main types of rights related to property after the owner's death are inheritable rights, which pass on to the legal representative, and proprietary rights, which remain functional and transferable after the owner's demise. These rights play a crucial role in property succession and management.

The Supreme Court of India, in 2018, affirmed the right to refuse artificial life support as a fundamental aspect of passive euthanasia. This ruling allowed terminally ill patients the choice to forego life-sustaining treatments under specific conditions, acknowledging the right to die with dignity as part of the right to live with dignity.

Testamentary succession is the form of succession that occurs when an individual distributes their property through a legally valid will. This process enables individuals to specify how their assets should be distributed after their demise, ensuring their wishes are followed regarding property disposition.

In Hindu law, Class I heirs, including the mother, wife, son, daughter, and their descendants up to the third generation, inherit both separate and joint family properties if an individual dies intestate. This category of heirs holds priority in property succession under Hindu legal provisions.

In Muslim law, an executor who oversees the distribution of a deceased person's property through a will is termed a "wasi." This individual plays a crucial role in ensuring that the testator's wishes regarding property disposition are carried out in accordance with Islamic legal principles.

Under the Indian Succession Act, 1925, the rule of escheat applies when no heir is found for a deceased person's property. In such cases, the property escheats to the Government, ensuring that unclaimed assets are managed in accordance with legal provisions.

In Muslim law, a person can bequeath up to one-third of their property through a will after settling funeral expenses and debts. The remaining two-thirds of the estate are typically distributed among the legal heirs as per Islamic inheritance laws.

Among Sunni Muslims, Sharers have priority in the succession process, followed by Residuaries and then Distant kindred. This hierarchy of heirs determines the order in which individuals inherit the deceased person's property under Sunni Islamic legal principles.