Test: Roots, Stems and Leaves - 1 - NEET MCQ

• Lamina contains veins and veinlets that transmit water to different regions of the leaf.
• Petiole is flexible thin structure that helps in fluttering of leaves in the air.
• Based on the presence or absence of petiole, plants are classified into petiolate and sessile respectively.
• Since petiole is absent in grass, it is considered to be sessile.
• Legumes have a swollen leaf base called Pulvinus.

The stem is the ascending part of the axis bearing branches, leaves, flowers and fruits. It develops from the plumule of the embryo of a germinating seed. It bears nodes and internodes.
Plumule is the future shoot of a plant, as radicle is the future root of the plant.

Hence, the correct option is A.

NCERT Reference: Topic “THE STEM” of chapter Morphology of Flowering Plants 
NCERT Line: The stem is the ascending part of the axis bearing branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits. It develops from the plumule of the embryo of a germinating seed.

Root hairs in plants have a large surface area and are surrounded by water, soil and nutrients and due to large surface area root hairs absorb water for the growth of plants.

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: Topic “Regions of the Root” of chapter Morphology of Flowering Plants.
NCERT Line: These root hairs absorb water and minerals from the soil.

• The characteristic type of venation in most monocotyledonous plants is "parallel venation."
• In this pattern, veins run parallel to each other within the leaf lamina.

Hence the correct option is " C " 
NCERT Reference: Topic -  "Venation "Morphology of Flowering Plants" of NCERT.
NCERT Line: When the veins run parallel to each other within a lamina, the venation is termed as parallel. Leaves of dicotyledonous plants generally possess reticulate venation, while parallel venation is characteristic of most monocotyledons.

• The Blade, or lamina, is the broad, flat part of the leaf. Photosynthesis occurs in the blade, which has many green food-making cells.
• The leaf is attached to the stem by the leaf base and may bear two lateral small leaf-like structures called stipules.
• The petiole helps hold the blade to light. Long thin flexible petioles allow leaf blades to flutter in the wind, thereby cooling the leaf and bringing fresh air to the leaf surface. 

Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: Topic “THE LEAF” of chapter Morphology of Flowering Plants.
NCERT Line: The lamina or the leaf blade is the green expanded part of the leaf with veins and veinlets. 

The placenta is attached to the developing seed near the hilum. It is the scar located near the edge where seed breaks from stalf of funicules i.e., connecting the seed with the fruit wall and placenta.

Hence, the correct option is D.

NCERT Reference:  Topic “The structure of flower" of chapter Morphology of Flowering Plants
NCERT Line:  The hilum is a scar on the seed coat through which the developing seeds are attached to the fruit.
 

• In a hypogynous flower, the gynoecium occupies the highest position.
• The superior ovary is present in a hypogynous flower.
• In epigynous flower, the gynoecium is the bottom-most whorl. China rose is an example of a hypogynous flower.

NCERT Reference: Topic “The Flower” of chapter "Morphology of Flowering Plants" of NCERT.
NCERT Line:  In epigynous flowers, the margin of the thalamus grows upward enclosing the ovary completely and getting fused with it, the other parts of the flower arise above the ovary.

• In monocotyledonous seeds, the outer covering of the endosperm separates the embryo from the rest of the seed by a proteinaceous layer called the aleurone layer.
• The aleurone layer is a specialized tissue that contains proteins and enzymes involved in the mobilization of nutrients from the endosperm to support the growth of the developing embryo during germination.

NCERT References: Topic “The Seed” of the chapter "Morphology of Flowering Plants" of NCERT.
NCERT Line: The outer covering of the endosperm separates the embryo by a proteinous layer called the aleurone layer.

A flower containing only stamen is called staminate.

Based on symmetry, flowers are classified into actinomorphic, zygomorphic and asymmetric flowers.

Flowers that possess radial symmetry is said to be actinomorphic flower.

Canna is an asymmetric flower.

Venation refers to the pattern of arrangement of veins in the leaflet. The monocots have their leaf veins arranged in a parallel manner with respect to each other whereas in case of dicots the leaf veins are reticulated or muzzled up.

Hence, the correct option is B.
NCERT Reference: Topic “Venation” of chapter Morphology of Flowering Plants.