Test: SSC CGL Previous Year Questions: History (2023-20) - 5 - SSC CGL MCQ

Aurangzeb. He was the third son of Shajahan from his wife Mumtaz Mahal. He is widely considered as the last effective ruler of the Mughal Dynasty.

Chandrabhan Brahman. He was the highly valued minister in the court of Shah Jahan and is credited with writing the rst collection of Urdu poetry.

Dara Shikoh (Eldest Son of Shah Jahan). Sultan Buland Iqbal (Prince of High Fortune) - Title given on 10 September 1642. His works - Majma -ul-Bahrain (Mingling of Two Oceans), Sirr-i-Akbar (Great Mystery). He was executed in 1659 by Aurangzeb in the war of succession.

Aurangzeb (1658 - 1707). He reimposed Jizya and Pilgrim tax in 1679 and ended the celebration of Navroz. He banned music, singing and dancing in the Royal court but not the playing of musical instruments.

Dara Shikoh was defeated by Aurangzeb in the Battle of Deorai(1659). Aurangzeb is known for being the emperor of India from 1658 to 1707.

Chauth - It was paid to the Marathas in order to avoid the Maratha raids. It was levied on the lands which were under the nominal Mughal rule. Sardeshmukhi was an additional ten percent levy on lands on which the Marathas claimed hereditary rights. Bhoga (Gupta period) refers to the tax on gifts, owers, wood, fruits, etc. Bhaga (Mauryan period) - Tax on agricultural land levied at the rate of 1/6th.

Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath (1713- 1720). He was the rst of a line of hereditary Peshwas from the Bhat family. Baji Rao I (1720-40) - Succeeded Balaji Vishwanath. He was the Seventh Peshwa (Prime Minister) of the Maratha Empire and one of the greatest exponents of Guerrilla tactics after Shivaji. Maratha families: Shindes (Gwalior), Holkars (Indore), Gaikwads (Baroda), Bhosles (Nagpur), Peshwas (Poona).

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. The Maratha Empire formerly existed from 1674 with the coronation of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and ended in 1818 with the defeat of Peshwa Bajirao II at the hands of the British East India Company. Wars fought by Shivaji - Battle of Pratapgad (1659), Battle of Purandar (1665), Battle of Sinhagad (1670), Battle of Sangamner(1679), etc.

Ashta Pradhan. The coronation of Shivaji Maharaj was held in 1674, at the fort of Raigad in present-day Indian state of Maharashtra.

Kakatiya. Vijayanagar Empire: Founders - Harihara and Bukka. Established - 1336. Vijayanagara Empire ruled by 4 dynasties: Sangama dynasty, Saluva dynasty, Tuluva dynasty, Aravidu dynasty. Greatest ruler of Vijayanagar Empire - Krishna Deva Raya (Tuluva Dynasty). Last ruler of Vijayanagar Empire - Aliya Ramarai.

Military commanders. They were given territories to govern by the Raya and used to collect taxes and other dues from the peasants, traders and craftspersons of the area. Gramas (villages), Gauda (village headman), Sthalas (sub districts), Nadus (districts), {Mandalams or rajyas (provinces)}, Land tax (sist).

Bahamani. The Bahmani -Vijayanagar conict started during the period of HariHara Raya I. Both kingdoms wanted to control the fertile and rich Raichur doab lying between rivers Krishna and Tungabhadra.

Battle of Talikota (Rakshasi–Tangadi) - It was fought on 23 January 1565 between the Vijayanagara Empire and an alliance of the Deccan sultanates. Aliya Rama Raya (King of the Vijaynagar Empire) was defeated and killed in the battle, which eventually led to the political collapse of the Vijayanagara Empire. The Battle of Raichur - Fought between the Vijayanagara Empire and the Sultanate of Bijapur in 1520.

Nadir Shah. Battle of Karnal (1739) : Fought between - Nadir Shah and Muhammad Shah. Victory - Nadir Shah easily outnumbered the Mughal forces and the Mughal emperor surrendered. Nadir Shah invaded India four times between 1748 and 1767. Nadir Shah took the famous Kohinoor diamond from India and Shah Jahan's jewel studded peacock from the throne.

Battle of Plassey (1757). This battle was fought between the British East India Company led by Robert Clive and the Nawab of Bengal Siraj-ud-daula and his French allies. The Battle of Sindhuli was part of the unication of Nepal led by Prithvi Narayan Shah, King of Gorkha (later King of Nepal). First Anglo-Maratha War (1775 - 1782) - Fought between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire. Battle of Tiruvannamalai (1767) - Fought between the forces of the East India Company and the Kingdom of Mysore, led by Hyder Ali.

Third (1817-1819). Anglo -Maratha war (The Great Maratha War) - The War was fought over territorial disputes, political dominance, and control over resources. First (1775-1782) - The Marathas won, Second (1803-1805) - The British won. Warren Hastings - The rst Governor - General of Bengal (1773–1785).

The Treaty of Mangalore (1784). The second Anglo-Mysore War (1780 - 84) was fought by Hyder Ali, the Nizam and the Marathas against the British. Anglo-Mysore Wars : First (1767 - 69) - Between Hyder Ali and the British, concluded with the Treaty of Madras.Third (1790 - 92) - The British, the Nizam and the Marathas fought together against Tipu Sultan, concluded with the Treaty of Seringapatam. Fourth (1798 - 99) - Between Arthur Wellesley and Tipu Sultan (Died).

Nadir Shah. The Battle of Karnal - Fought between Nadir Shah (Persian Empire of the Afsharid dynasty) and Muhammad Shah (Mughal Emperor) in 1739. Nadir Shah emerged victorious in the battle. He took the famous Koh - i - Noor diamond and Shah Jahan's jewel-studded Peacock Throne. He was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran.

Ibrahim Lodhi. The Lodi dynasty (1451 - 1526, an Afghan dynasty was the fth and nal dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.

Four wars were fought between British and Mysore rulers: First Anglo-Mysore War (1767-69), Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-84), Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790-92), and Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799).

Ahmad Shah (1422-1435). Bahmani sultanate was established by Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah (Zafar Khan) in 1347. Bahmani kingdom comprises the parts of the current day’s Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh. Rulers of the Bahmani Kingdom: Muhammad Shah-I (1358-1377), Muhammad Shah-ll (1378-1397), Feroz Shah Bahmani (1397-1422), Mahmud Gawan.

Portuguese - They were the rst Europeans to come to India by Sea routes in 1498, led by Vasco da Gama at Calicut (Kerala). European nations arrived in India after Portuguese: Dutch, English, Danish, and French. The Portuguese were also the last to leave India in 1961.

Gaur kingdom was situated in Sylhet region of West Bengal. The Bahmani Empire was founded by Ala-ud-Din Hasan Bahman Shah. It was located in the Deccan region. First Capital - Daulatabad/Devagiri and Second Capital - Gulbarga. After the death of Muhammad Shah-III (ruler) in 1482, the Kingdom was disintegrated into ve kingdoms: Bijapur, Ahmednagar, Berar, Golconda and Bidar.

Siraj-ud-Daulah (Reign: 1756 -1757) - Last independent Nawab of Bengal. Alivardi Khan - Nawab of Bengal from 1740 to 1756. He is known for his victory during the battle of Burdwan against Maratha Empire during the Maratha invasion of Bengal. Mir Qasim - Nawab of Bengal (1760-1763).

Murshid Quli Khan (Zamin Ali Quli) was born as Surya Narayan Mishra; the first Nawab of Bengal (1717 to 1727). He built the Katra Masjid (1723-1724) where he was buried after his death.

Jama Masjid (Great Mosque). The Buland Darwaza (Victory Gate, Highest gateway in the world) at Fatehpur Sikri (World Heritage site, 1986) was built by Mughal emperor Akbar (reigned 1556–1605) to commemorate his victory over Gujarat.

Deccan. The Deccan style of architecture is a fusion of Persian and Indian architectural styles. It is mainly inspired by styles from the Delhi Sultanate and later Mughal architecture. Example: Vatapi, Aihole, Pattadakal, etc. The Nagara style of architecture - Kandariya Mahadev Temple (Madhya Pradesh), Sun temple (Konark), Sun temple at Modhera (Gujarat) and Ossian temple (Gujarat). The Sikh style of architecture - Keshgarh Sahib and the Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple).

Rajput Dynasty - It was founded by Simharaj, who is famously known as the founder of the city of Ajmer. Ananga Pala - He was a king of the Tomara dynasty, who ruled over areas of Delhi in India.

Mehrab - It indicates the direction of Mecca (Qibla), which Muslims face when praying. Islamic architecture includes use of specic ornamental forms, including mathematically complicated, elaborate geometric patterns, oral motifs like the arabesque, and elaborate calligraphic inscriptions. Other Terms: Hegira - Muhammad's journey from Mecca to Medina in 622 AD. Yashmak - A piece of material covering most of the face, worn by some Muslim women. Alim - A person who became a scholar in the Islamic tradition.