Test: Teaching Aptitude ( Evaluation System) - Software Development MCQ

The teaching-learning process takes place in three phases. Evaluation is integral to the teaching-learning process as it helps in facilitating student learning and improving instruction.

• It is a systematic way of collecting information to make a judgment about student learning. 
• There are two different types of evaluation which include a summative and formative evaluation.

Key Points

• The summative assessment measures the overall performance of the students at the end of the course activity.
• The purpose of this type of assessment is the classification, comparison, and promotion of the students.
• Its results are used for certification and passing judgment on students' achievements.
• In summative evaluation, there are external examinations as well as teacher-made tests, ratings, etc.
• Although the main purpose of summative evaluation is assigning grades, it also provides information for judging the appropriateness of the course objectives and the effectiveness of instruction.

Hence, it is clear that option 1 is correct.

Additional Information

• ​The purpose of formative assessment is to diagnose the strength and weaknesses of the student.

Evaluation is done to assess or evaluate someone's performance in a specified field. It is a component of assessment in education. The teacher does the evaluation of the student's performance to do analysis and to get the idea of the achievement of a student. The purpose served when evaluation helps us discover potential abilities and aptitudes among the students.

Key Points

• Evaluation takes place with the help of tests and measurements. 
• In a classroom situation, teachers first use classroom tests to evaluate students according to their different traits. After getting the answer papers, teachers provide some numerals to the answer papers, this step is known as measurement. So measurement deals with only the quantitative description. After the measurement step, the teachers arrange the students as first, second, third, etc., according to their achievements. This step is evaluation. So evaluation is a philosophical and subjective concept. It includes both quantitative and qualitative descriptions and value judgment. 

• Evaluation = Quantitative Description (measurement) and/or Qualittative Description (Non- measurement) + value Judgements.

Important PointsEvaluation is a quantitative and qualitative estimation of specific changes i.e. it measures the qualitative changes in characteristics and as well as measures the marks obtained by learners.

•  Qualitative evaluations are done to understand the behavioral psychology of the learner to understand their attitude development in life.
•  The word quantify means to measure. It means to measure the magnitude of the concerning thing. Quantitative evaluations are done for marks obtained.

Thus, it is concluded that Evaluation is both quantitative and qualitative.

Continuous Comprehensive Evaluation: CCE refers to a school-based evaluation, which covers all aspects of school activities related to a child’s development. It emphasizes two fold objectives such as continuity of evaluation and assessment of learning outcomes in a comprehensive manner.

• It covers all the domains of learning i.e. cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. It treats evaluation as a developmental process. 
• Evaluation in the cognitive domain is associated with the evaluation of cognitive abilities such as knowledge, understanding, application, etc.
• Evaluation in the affective domain means the evaluation of attributes such as attitudes, motives, interests, and other personality traits. 
• Evaluation in the psychomotor domain involves assessing learners’ skills to use their hands (e.g. in handwriting, construction, and projects). 

Formative evaluation

• Continual aspect also includes the evaluation of learners during the instructional process through various formal or informal methods of evaluation, also referred to as formative evaluation.
• The students are evaluated for short-term objectives.
• It provides the teacher with feedback about the progress of learners in the program and about the effectiveness of the program. It also provides data for diagnostic assessment. For example, Monthly tests, Periodic tests, Unit tests, Mid-term exams.

Summative evaluation

• Another aspect associated with continuous evaluation is the periodicity of evaluation. Periodicity means the evaluation of the performance of learners should be done frequently at the end of every unit or term. This is also known as summative evaluation. 
• Summative evaluation is conducted to know the assessment- basics terminal behaviour of the learner. The keyword in summative assessment is “certification”.
• A summative evaluation is conducted after completion of the whole course. Feedback provided in summative assessment is terminal in nature and can not be used for modification of learners’ behaviour because it is conducted at the end of a term (First or Second semesters).
• Learners get certificates or are promoted to the higher class based on summative assessment. For example, End-term examination, Summative tests, Final examination, etc.

Hence, we conclude that summative assessment is conducted at the end of the first and second semesters.

The child-centred evaluation in the classroom helps the children to perform better includes the following factors:

1. Flexibility in evaluation to perform better and get motivated.
2. Continuous evaluation helps in judging all the aspects of learning.
3. Participatory evaluation helps the teacher to judge the social abilities of the child.

Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation, commonly known as 'CCE' has been introduced as a school-based system of evaluation by the CBSE in 2009 with the enactment of the Right to Education Act. 

Key Points

• The document identified two areas i.e. scholastic and co-scholastic (comprehensive). Also, it should be conducted on regular basis (continuous). In this, it divides each one into formative and summative assessments.
• CCE is a positive step for enhancing the all-around development of a student. But in the present circumstances, it foresees a lot of challenges. They are:
  • Large class-strengths
  • High pupil /teacher ratio
  • Teachers’ perceptions and competencies
  • Diversity of learners
  • Time constraints
  • Monitoring and feedback
  • Remediation and enrichment
  • Teaching-learning resources
  • Uniform applicability
  • Preventing nepotism and victimization

Hence, the above statement is about comprehensive evaluation.

Key Points

The main purpose of assessment is to understand students' progress and challenges in the learning process.

• Assessment is a process of gathering information about student learning. It can be used to measure student achievement, identify student strengths and weaknesses, and plan future instruction.
• There are many different types of assessment, including formative assessment, summative assessment, and diagnostic assessment.
• Formative assessment is used to provide feedback to students on their progress. It is typically used on a regular basis to help students learn and improve.
• Summative assessment is used to measure student achievement at the end of a unit or course. It is typically used to assign grades.
• Diagnostic assessment is used to identify student strengths and weaknesses. It is typically used at the beginning of a unit or course to plan future instruction

In conclusion, the main purpose of assessment is to understand students' progress and challenges in the learning process. It can be a valuable tool for teachers and students, but it is important to use it in a way that is fair and supportive.

Grading is another aspect of examination reform, suggested by the UGC which has relevance for both continuous comprehensive assessment and term-end assessment.

Key PointsThe most important purpose of grading system in continuous and comprehensive evaluation is:

• Promoting to the next grade.
• To encourage learning success.
• To provide incentives for the students to learn.
• To evaluate the effectiveness  of instructional programs.
• To improve the teaching learning progress.
• To select, identify, or group students for certain education programs.
• To communicate feedback to the students and parents.

Hence, we can conclude that the most important purpose of grading system in continuous and comprehensive evaluation is promoting to the next grade.

In Continuous and comprehensive evaluation, students’ performance in both scholastic and co-scholastic activities is assessed. The continuous and comprehensive evaluation aims to reduce the curricular workload on students and to improve the overall abilities and skills of students by means of evaluation of student's performance in both types of activities.

Key PointsNature and purpose of Continuous and comprehensive evaluation:

• CCE encourages and motivates students to be positive in their attitudes.
• Daily evaluation of students’ development
• It emphasizes that teacher’s judgment should be made through an honest and objective appraisal without bias.
• A system of regular evaluation of students that covers all aspects of students’ development.
• It also encourages continuous interaction with parents with regard to their children’s progress and performance.
• Regular evaluation of all students in a class.
• It reduces stress and anxiety, which often builds up among the young students during and after the examination.
• It reduces the dropout rate as there will be less fear and anxiety among learners related to their school performance.
• CCE is used as an instrument for preparing learners for future life by making them physically fit, mentally alert, emotionally balanced, and socially adjusted.
• It promotes a learner-friendly environment, thereby optimizing student learning.

Hence, we can conclude that Continuous and comprehensive evaluation refers to daily evaluation of students’ development, A system of regular evaluation of students that covers all aspects of student's development, and regular evaluation of all students in a class.

Evaluation is an integral part of any teaching and learning process. Both teaching and evaluation are based on the instructional objectives which provide direction to them.

Key Points

The Common Types of Evaluation are:

• Formative Evaluation: It is done during the teaching and learning process to improve students' learning. The purpose of this evaluation is to provide feedback regarding the students' progress by finding out the learning gaps. It also provides the teacher feedback regarding the efficiency of the teaching methods, so that the teaching can be improved. The examples include class tests, field trips, quiz, debate and discussions, role play, dramatization, etc.
• Summative Evaluation: It is conducted at the end of the term, course, or programme of teaching. The purpose of this kind of evaluation is to grade, rank, classify, compare, and promote the students. Examples include the term-end examination, semester examination, half-yearly examinations, etc.
• Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE): It is a school-based system of evaluation for all students, introduced by CBSE in 2009. It never assesses students according to their economic status rather it emphasizes the continuity of assessment in both scholastic and co-scholastic aspects of student's growth.

Hint

• In addition to the above, there is a type of evaluation called the Norm-referenced tests, that are done to assess the student’s performance and estimates his/her position among the rest of the class students.

Hence, it can be seen that the various kinds of evaluation are formative, summative, and CCE whereas norms do not come under evaluation.

Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation has been introduced as a school-based system of evaluation by the CBSE in 2009 with the enactment of the Right to Education Act.

Key Points

CCE describes two different types of evaluations which include summative and formative evaluation.

"Summative Evaluation" commonly known as  "Assessment of Learning" is a type of evaluation which:

• measures certify and report   the level of students' learning by assessing them at the end of the term.
• produces an accurate description of students' potential and achievement to promote them  to the next grades.
• It is an evaluation that assesses a student’s mastery of a topic after instruction.
• Summative evaluation or assessment are used to evaluate student learning, skill acquisition and academic achievement at the conclusion of a defined instructional period such as at the end of a project, unit, course, program and at the end of the school year.

Hint

"Formative evaluation", commonly known as "Assessment for Learning" is a type of evaluation which: 

• monitor the child's progress throughout the teaching-learning process and improves students' academic achievements.
• diagnoses and removes the learning difficulties of students with appropriate strategies.
•  

Thus from the above-mentioned points, it is clear that only statement II is true.